The papal conclaves of August 1978 and of October 1978 were respectively convened to elect a pope, the leader of the Catholic Church, to succeed Paul VI and John Paul I following their respective deaths on 6 August 1978 and on 28 September 1978. In accordance with the apostolic constitution Romano Pontifici eligendo, which governed the vacancy of the Holy See, only cardinals who had not passed their 80th birthday on the day on which the conclave began (in these cases, cardinals who were born on or after 25 August 1898 for the first conclave, and on or after 14 October 1898 for the second conclave) were eligible to participate.[1] Although not formal requirements, the cardinal electors invariably elected the pope from among their number and did so by secret ballot (la|per scrutinium).[1] Due to the brief duration between the conclaves, the respective lists of cardinal electors are nearly identical.
Of the 129 members of the Sacred College of Cardinals at the time of the beginning of the first conclave, there were 114 cardinal electors who were eligible to participate.[2] Three cardinal electors did not participate, decreasing the number in attendance to 111. Two cardinals, both cardinal electors, died in the time between the conclaves. Of the 126 members of the Sacred College of Cardinals at the time of the beginning of the second conclave, there were 111 cardinal electors who were eligible to participate;[3] all of whom were in attendance. The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds-plus-one supermajority in either conclave was .[1]
Of the 112 cardinal electors who attended at least one of the two conclaves, 5 were cardinal bishops, 92 were cardinal priests, and 15 were cardinal deacons; 3 had been created cardinals by Pope Pius XII, 8 by Pope John XXIII, and 101 by Pope Paul VI; 28 worked in the service of the Holy See (such as in the Roman Curia), 77 were in pastoral ministry outside Rome, and 10 had retired. The oldest cardinal elector in the conclaves was Joseph-Marie Trịnh Như Khuê, at the age of, and the youngest was Jaime Lachica Sin, at the age of . Another 15 cardinals were ineligible to participate in either conclave, for reasons of age.[2] [3]
The cardinal electors entered the Sistine Chapel to begin the first conclave on 25 August 1978. On 26 August, after four ballots over two days, they elected Cardinal Albino Luciani, Patriarch of Venice, who took the papal name John Paul I. After his death 33 days into his papacy, the cardinal electors again entered the Sistine Chapel to begin the second conclave on 14 October. On 16 October, after eight ballots over three days, they elected Cardinal Karol Wojtyła, Archbishop of Kraków, who took the papal name John Paul II.
The Sacred College of Cardinals is divided into three orders – cardinal bishops (CB), cardinal priests (CP) and cardinal deacons (CD) – with formal precedence in that sequence. This was the order in which the cardinal electors entered the conclave, took the oath and cast their ballots.[1] For cardinal bishops (except the Eastern Catholic patriarchs), the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice-dean and then by the remainder in order of appointment as cardinal bishops. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, cardinal priests, and cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.
Two of the cardinal electors in the 1978 conclaves were from the Eastern Catholic Churches: Stéphanos I Sidarouss (Coptic) and Joseph Parecattil (Syro-Malabar). In both conclaves, the senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon and the junior cardinal deacon were, respectively, Jean Villot, Giuseppe Siri, Pericle Felici and Mario Luigi Ciappi. Villot was also the camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, in charge of administering the Holy See during its vacancy.[1]
The 112 cardinal electors in the table below are those who participated in at least one of the two conclaves. Two cardinals participated in only one: Albino Luciani, elected Pope John Paul I in the first conclave and whose death prompted the second conclave; and John Joseph Wright, who did not participate in the first conclave for health reasons owing to surgery.[4] Another two cardinal electors did not participate in the first conclave; both died before the second conclave began. The data below are as of 25 August 1978 or 14 October 1978, the respective dates on which the conclaves began. Age ranges are given for some cardinals in the case of any differences in age as at the beginning of the two conclaves. All cardinals are of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters.
| Rank | Name | Country | Born | Order | Consistory | Office | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jean Villot | France | (age ) | data-sort-value="1" | CB | Paul VI | Secretary of State, Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church and President of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum | |
| 2 | Antonio Samorè | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="1" | CB | Paul VI | Archivist and Librarian of the Holy Roman Church | |
| 3 | Francesco Carpino | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="1" | CB | Paul VI | Archbishop emeritus of Palermo | |
| 4 | Sebastiano Baggio | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="1" | CB | Paul VI | Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for Bishops | |
| 5 | Egypt | (age ) | data-sort-value="1" | CB | Paul VI | Patriarch of Alexandria (Coptic Catholic Church) | ||
| 6 | Giuseppe Siri | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Pius XII | Archbishop of Genoa | |
| 7 | Stefan Wyszyński | Poland | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Pius XII | Archbishop of Gniezno and of Warsaw | |
| 8 | Canada | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Pius XII | Archbishop emeritus of Montreal | ||
| 9 | José María Bueno y Monreal | Spain | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | John XXIII | Archbishop of Seville | |
| 10 | Franz König | Austria | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | John XXIII | Archbishop of Vienna and President of the Secretariat for Non-Believers | |
| 11 | Bernardus Johannes Alfrink | Netherlands | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | John XXIII | Archbishop emeritus of Utrecht | |
| 12 | Laurean Rugambwa | Tanzania | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | John XXIII | Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam | |
| 13 | José Humberto Quintero Parra | Venezuela | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | John XXIII | Archbishop of Caracas | |
| 14 | Peru | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | John XXIII | Archbishop of Lima | ||
| 15 | Chile | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | John XXIII | Archbishop of Santiago de Chile | ||
| 16 | Leo-Jozef Suenens | Belgium | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | John XXIII | Archbishop of Mechelen–Brussels | |
| 17 | Sri Lanka | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop emeritus of Colombo | ||
| 18 | Maurice Roy | Canada | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Quebec | |
| 19 | Owen McCann | South Africa | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Cape Town | |
| 20 | Léon-Étienne Duval | Algeria | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Algiers | |
| 21 | Ermenegildo Florit | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop emeritus of Florence | |
| 22 | Franjo Šeper | Yugoslavia | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith | |
| 23 | Upper Volta | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Ouagadougou | ||
| 24 | Agnelo Rossi | Brazil | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples | |
| 25 | Giovanni Colombo | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Milan | |
| 26 | Gabriel-Marie Garrone | France | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for Catholic Education and Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals | |
| 27 | Egidio Vagnozzi | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See | |
| 28 | Maximilien de Furstenberg | Belgium | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre | |
| 29 | Bolivia | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Sucre | ||
| 30 | John Joseph Krol | United States | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Philadelphia | |
| 31 | John Patrick Cody | United States | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Chicago | |
| 32 | Corrado Ursi | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Naples | |
| 33 | Alfred Bengsch | East Germany | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop-Bishop of Berlin | |
| 34 | Justinus Darmojuwono | Indonesia | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Semarang | |
| 35 | Karol Wojtyła | Poland | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Kraków | |
| 36 | Michele Pellegrino | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop emeritus of Turin | |
| 37 | France | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Lyon | ||
| 38 | Alfredo Vicente Scherer | Brazil | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Porto Alegre | |
| 39 | Julio Rosales y Ras | Philippines | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Cebu | |
| 40 | Gordon Joseph Gray | United Kingdom | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh | |
| 41 | Paolo Bertoli | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Prefect emeritus of the Sacred Congregation for the Causes of Saints | |
| 42 | Joseph Parecattil | India | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Ernakulam and President of the Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the Code of Oriental Canon Law (Syro-Malabar Catholic Church) | |
| 43 | John Francis Dearden | United States | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Detroit | |
| 44 | François Marty | France | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Paris | |
| 45 | Canada | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Winnipeg | ||
| 46 | Paul Gouyon | France | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Rennes | |
| 47 | Guatemala | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Guatemala | ||
| 48 | Vicente Enrique y Tarancón | Spain | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Madrid | |
| 49 | Joseph Malula | Zaire | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Kinshasa | |
| 50 | Ecuador | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Quito | ||
| 51 | Antonio Poma | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Bologna | |
| 52 | John Joseph Carberry | United States | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of St. Louis | |
| 53 | Terence James Cooke | United States | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of New York | |
| 54 | Stephen Kim Sou-hwan | South Korea | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Seoul | |
| 55 | Eugênio de Araújo Sales | Brazil | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro | |
| 56 | Joseph Höffner | West Germany | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Cologne | |
| 57 | John Joseph Wright | United States | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Clergy | |
| 58 | Johannes Willebrands | Netherlands | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Utrecht and President of the Secretariat for Christian Unity | |
| 59 | Albino Luciani | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Patriarch of Venice | |
| 60 | António Ribeiro | Portugal | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Patriarch of Lisbon | |
| 61 | James Robert Knox | Australia | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Sacraments and Divine Worship | |
| 62 | Avelar Brandão Vilela | Brazil | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia | |
| 63 | Joseph Cordeiro | Pakistan | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Karachi | |
| 64 | Aníbal Muñoz Duque | Colombia | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Bogotá | |
| 65 | Luis Aponte Martínez | Puerto Rico | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of San Juan de Puerto Rico | |
| 66 | Raúl Francisco Primatesta | Argentina | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Córdoba | |
| 67 | Salvatore Pappalardo | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Palermo | |
| 68 | Marcelo González Martín | Spain | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Toledo | |
| 69 | Louis-Jean Guyot | France | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Toulouse | |
| 70 | Ugo Poletti | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran | |
| 71 | Timothy Manning | United States | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Los Angeles | |
| 72 | Maurice Michael Otunga | Kenya | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Nairobi | |
| 73 | José Salazar López | Mexico | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Guadalajara | |
| 74 | Humberto Sousa Medeiros | United States | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Boston | |
| 75 | Brazil | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of São Paulo | ||
| 76 | James Darcy Freeman | Australia | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Sydney | |
| 77 | Narciso Jubany Arnau | Spain | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Barcelona | |
| 78 | Hermann Volk | West Germany | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Bishop of Mainz | |
| 79 | Western Samoa | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Bishop of Samoa and Tokelau | ||
| 80 | Octavio Antonio Beras Rojas | Dominican Republic | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Santo Domingo | |
| 81 | Juan Carlos Aramburu | Argentina | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Buenos Aires | |
| 82 | Joseph-Marie Trịnh Như Khuê | Vietnam | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Hanoi | |
| 83 | Hyacinthe Thiandoum | Senegal | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Dakar | |
| 84 | Emmanuel Nsubuga | Uganda | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Kampala | |
| 85 | India | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Calcutta | ||
| 86 | Jaime Lachica Sin | Philippines | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Manila | |
| 87 | William Wakefield Baum | United States | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Washington | |
| 88 | Brazil | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Fortaleza | ||
| 89 | Reginald Delargey | New Zealand | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Wellington | |
| 90 | László Lékai | Hungary | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Esztergom | |
| 91 | United Kingdom | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Westminster | ||
| 92 | Madagascar | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Tananarive | ||
| 93 | František Tomášek | Czechoslovakia | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Prague | |
| 94 | Dominic Ignatius Ekandem | Nigeria | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Bishop of Ikot Ekpene | |
| 95 | Giovanni Benelli | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Florence | |
| 96 | Joseph Ratzinger | West Germany | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Paul VI | Archbishop of Munich and Freising | |
| 97 | Pericle Felici | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="3" | CD | Paul VI | Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura and President of the Pontifical Commissions for the Revision of the Code of Canon Law and for the Interpretation of the Decrees of the Second Vatican Council (Protodeacon) | |
| 98 | Silvio Oddi | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="3" | CD | Paul VI | Pontifical Legate for the Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi | |
| 99 | Giuseppe Paupini | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="3" | CD | Paul VI | Major Penitentiary | |
| 100 | Mario Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="3" | CD | Paul VI | Prefect emeritus of the Apostolic Palaces | |
| 101 | Sergio Guerri | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="3" | CD | Paul VI | Pro-President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State | |
| 102 | Sergio Pignedoli | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="3" | CD | Paul VI | President of the Secretariat for Non-Christians | |
| 103 | Umberto Mozzoni | Argentina | (age ) | data-sort-value="3" | CD | Paul VI | President of the Commission of Cardinals for the Pontifical Shrines of Pompeii and Loreto | |
| 104 | France | (age ) | data-sort-value="3" | CD | Paul VI | Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Oriental Churches | ||
| 105 | Pietro Palazzini | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="3" | CD | Paul VI | Secretary emeritus of the Sacred Congregation for the Clergy and of the Commission of Cardinals for the Pontifical Shrines of Pompeii and Loreto | |
| 106 | Opilio Rossi | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="3" | CD | Paul VI | President of the Pontifical Councils for the Laity and for the Family | |
| 107 | Giuseppe Maria Sensi | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="3" | CD | Paul VI | Apostolic Nuncio emeritus to Portugal | |
| 108 | Corrado Bafile | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="3" | CD | Paul VI | Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Causes of Saints | |
| 109 | Joseph Schröffer | West Germany | (age ) | data-sort-value="3" | CD | Paul VI | Secretary emeritus of the Sacred Congregation for Catholic Education | |
| 110 | Eduardo Francisco Pironio | Argentina | (age ) | data-sort-value="3" | CD | Paul VI | Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Religious and Secular Institutes | |
| 111 | Bernardin Gantin | Benin | (age ) | data-sort-value="3" | CD | Paul VI | President of the Pontifical Commission for Justice and Peace and of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum | |
| 112 | Italy | (age ) | data-sort-value="3" | CD | Paul VI | Pro-Theologian of the Pontifical Household | ||
| Rank | Name | Country | Born | Order | Consistory | Office | Reason for absence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Valerian Gracias | India | (age ) | data-sort-value="2" | CP | Pius XII | Archbishop of Bombay | Ill health; died on 11 September 1978, before the second conclave | |
| 2 | Bolesław Filipiak | Poland | (age ) | data-sort-value="3" | CD | Paul VI | Dean emeritus of the Sacred Roman Rota | Ill health; died on 14 October 1978, the day on which the second conclave began | |
The 112 attending cardinal electors in either conclave were from 49 countries on all six inhabited continents. The countries with the greatest number of cardinal electors were Italy (twenty-six in the first conclave, twenty-five in the second conclave), the United States (eight in the first conclave, nine in the second conclave; excluding Puerto Rico) and France (seven in both conclaves).
| + (August 1978) | ||
| Continent | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | 12 | |
| North America | 15 | |
| South America | 16 | |
| Asia | 9 | |
| Europe | 55 | |
| Oceania | 4 | |
| Total | 111 | 100.0% |
| + (October 1978) | ||
| Continent | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | 12 | |
| North America | 16 | |
| South America | 16 | |
| Asia | 9 | |
| Europe | 54 | |
| Oceania | 4 | |
| Total | 111 | 100.0% |
| + (August 1978) | |||
| Country | Continent | Number | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Algeria | Africa | 1 | |
| Argentina | data-sort-value="America, South" | South America | 4 |
| Australia | Oceania | 2 | |
| Austria | Europe | 1 | |
| Belgium | Europe | 2 | |
| Benin | Africa | 1 | |
| Bolivia | data-sort-value="America, South" | South America | 1 |
| Brazil | data-sort-value="America, South" | South America | 6 |
| Canada | data-sort-value="America, North" | North America | 3 |
| Chile | data-sort-value="America, South" | South America | 1 |
| Colombia | data-sort-value="America, South" | South America | 1 |
| Czechoslovakia | Europe | 1 | |
| Dominican Republic | data-sort-value="America, North" | North America | 1 |
| Ecuador | data-sort-value="America, South" | South America | 1 |
| Egypt | Africa | 1 | |
| France | Europe | 7 | |
| East Germany | Europe | 1 | |
| West Germany | Europe | 4 | |
| Guatemala | data-sort-value="America, North" | North America | 1 |
| Hungary | Europe | 1 | |
| India | Asia | 2 | |
| Indonesia | Asia | 1 | |
| Italy | Europe | 26 | |
| Kenya | Africa | 1 | |
| South Korea | Asia | 1 | |
| Madagascar | Africa | 1 | |
| Mexico | data-sort-value="America, North" | North America | 1 |
| Netherlands | Europe | 2 | |
| New Zealand | Oceania | 1 | |
| Nigeria | Africa | 1 | |
| Pakistan | Asia | 1 | |
| Peru | data-sort-value="America, South" | South America | 1 |
| Philippines | Asia | 2 | |
| Poland | Europe | 2 | |
| Portugal | Europe | 1 | |
| data-sort-value="America, North" | North America | 1 | |
| Senegal | Africa | 1 | |
| South Africa | Africa | 1 | |
| Spain | Europe | 4 | |
| Sri Lanka | Asia | 1 | |
| Tanzania | Africa | 1 | |
| Uganda | Africa | 1 | |
| United Kingdom | Europe | 2 | |
| United States | data-sort-value="America, North" | North America | 8 |
| Upper Volta | Africa | 1 | |
| Venezuela | data-sort-value="America, South" | South America | 1 |
| Vietnam | Asia | 1 | |
| Western Samoa | Oceania | 1 | |
| Yugoslavia | Europe | 1 | |
| Zaire | Africa | 1 | |
| Total | 111 | ||
| + (October 1978) | |||
| Country | Continent | Number | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Algeria | Africa | 1 | |
| Argentina | data-sort-value="America, South" | South America | 4 |
| Australia | Oceania | 2 | |
| Austria | Europe | 1 | |
| Belgium | Europe | 2 | |
| Benin | Africa | 1 | |
| Bolivia | data-sort-value="America, South" | South America | 1 |
| Brazil | data-sort-value="America, South" | South America | 6 |
| Canada | data-sort-value="America, North" | North America | 3 |
| Chile | data-sort-value="America, South" | South America | 1 |
| Colombia | data-sort-value="America, South" | South America | 1 |
| Czechoslovakia | Europe | 1 | |
| Dominican Republic | data-sort-value="America, North" | North America | 1 |
| Ecuador | data-sort-value="America, South" | South America | 1 |
| Egypt | Africa | 1 | |
| France | Europe | 7 | |
| East Germany | Europe | 1 | |
| West Germany | Europe | 4 | |
| Guatemala | data-sort-value="America, North" | North America | 1 |
| Hungary | Europe | 1 | |
| India | Asia | 2 | |
| Indonesia | Asia | 1 | |
| Italy | Europe | 25 | |
| Kenya | Africa | 1 | |
| South Korea | Asia | 1 | |
| Madagascar | Africa | 1 | |
| Mexico | data-sort-value="America, North" | North America | 1 |
| Netherlands | Europe | 2 | |
| New Zealand | Oceania | 1 | |
| Nigeria | Africa | 1 | |
| Pakistan | Asia | 1 | |
| Peru | data-sort-value="America, South" | South America | 1 |
| Philippines | Asia | 2 | |
| Poland | Europe | 2 | |
| Portugal | Europe | 1 | |
| data-sort-value="America, North" | North America | 1 | |
| Senegal | Africa | 1 | |
| South Africa | Africa | 1 | |
| Spain | Europe | 4 | |
| Sri Lanka | Asia | 1 | |
| Tanzania | Africa | 1 | |
| Uganda | Africa | 1 | |
| United Kingdom | Europe | 2 | |
| United States | data-sort-value="America, North" | North America | 9 |
| Upper Volta | Africa | 1 | |
| Venezuela | data-sort-value="America, South" | South America | 1 |
| Vietnam | Asia | 1 | |
| Western Samoa | Oceania | 1 | |
| Yugoslavia | Europe | 1 | |
| Zaire | Africa | 1 | |
| Total | 111 | ||