Cardinal electors in the 2013 papal conclave explained

The papal conclave of 2013 was convened to elect a pope, the leader of the Catholic Church, to succeed Benedict XVI following his resignation on 28 February 2013. In accordance with the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, which governed the vacancy of the Holy See, only cardinals who had not passed their 80th birthday on the day on which the Holy See became vacant (in this case, those who were born on or after 28 February 1933) were eligible to participate in the conclave.^[1] Although not a formal requirement, the cardinal electors invariably elect the pope from among their number. The election was carried out by secret ballot (Latin: per scrutinium).^[1]

Of the 207 members of the College of Cardinals at the time of Benedict XVI's resignation, there were 117 cardinal electors who were eligible to participate in the subsequent conclave.^[2] Two cardinal electors did not participate, decreasing the number in attendance to 115.^{[3] [4]} The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority was .^{[1] [5]}

Of the 115 attending cardinal electors, 4 were cardinal bishops, 81 were cardinal priests, and 30 were cardinal deacons; 48 had been created cardinals by Pope John Paul II and 67 by Pope Benedict XVI; 29 worked in the service of the Holy See (such as in the Roman Curia), 61 were in pastoral ministry outside Rome, and 25 had retired. The oldest cardinal elector in the conclave was Walter Kasper, at the age of, and the youngest was Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal, at the age of . Another 90 cardinals were ineligible to participate in the conclave, for reasons of age.^[2]

The cardinal electors entered the Sistine Chapel to begin the conclave on 12 March 2013.^{[6] [7]} On 13 March, after five ballots over two days, they elected Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, Archbishop of Buenos Aires, who took the papal name Francis.^{[8] [9]}

Cardinal electors

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders: cardinal bishops (CB), cardinal priests (CP) and cardinal deacons (CD), with precedence in that sequence. This is the order in which the cardinal electors process into the conclave, take the oath and cast their ballots.^[1] For cardinal bishops, except the Eastern Catholic patriarchs, the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice-dean and then by the rest in order of appointment as cardinal bishops. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.^[4]

Four of the cardinal electors were from the Eastern Catholic Churches: Antonios Naguib (Coptic), Béchara Boutros Raï (Maronite), George Alencherry (Syro-Malabar) and Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal (Syro-Malankara). Raï and Thottunkal were the first cardinals from their respective churches to participate in a conclave.^{[10] [11]} The senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon and the junior cardinal deacon, who were assigned specific roles in the conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope (the senior cardinal deacon),^[1] were, respectively, Giovanni Battista Re, Godfried Danneels, Jean-Louis Tauran and James Michael Harvey.^[4] The camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, who was in charge of administering the Holy See during its vacancy, was Tarcisio Bertone.^[1]

The data below are as of 28 February 2013, the date on which the Holy See became vacant. All cardinals are of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters.

Rank	Name	Country	Born	Order	Consistory	Office
1	Giovanni Battista Re	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="1"	CB	John Paul II	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops	^[12]
2		Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="1"	CB	John Paul II	Secretary of State and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church	^[13]
3	Antonios Naguib	Egypt	(age )	data-sort-value="1"	CB	Benedict XVI	Patriarch emeritus of Alexandria (Coptic Church)	^[14]
4		Lebanon	(age )	data-sort-value="1"	CB	Benedict XVI	Patriarch of Antioch (Maronite Church)	^[15]
5	Godfried Danneels	Belgium	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Mechelen–Brussels	^[16]
6	Joachim Meisner	Germany	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Cologne	^[17]
7	Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez	Dominican Republic	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Santo Domingo	^[18]
8	Roger Michael Mahony	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Los Angeles	^[19]
9	Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino	Cuba	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana	^[20]
10	Jean-Claude Turcotte	Canada	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Montreal	^[21]
11	Vinko Puljić	Bosnia and Herzegovina	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Vrhbosna	^[22]
12	Juan Sandoval Íñiguez	Mexico	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Guadalajara	^[23]
13	Antonio María Rouco Varela	Spain	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Madrid	^[24]
14	Dionigi Tettamanzi	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Milan	^[25]
15	Polycarp Pengo	Tanzania	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam	^[26]
16		Austria	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Vienna	^[27]
17	Norberto Rivera Carrera	Mexico	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Mexico	^[28]
18		United States	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Chicago	^[29]
19	Zenon Grocholewski	Poland	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education	^[30]
20	Crescenzio Sepe	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Naples	^[31]
21	Walter Kasper	Germany	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity	^[32]
22	Ivan Dias	India	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples	^[33]
23	Geraldo Majella Agnelo	Brazil	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of São Salvador da Bahia	^[34]
24	Audrys Juozas Bačkis	Lithuania	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Vilnius	^[35]
25		Chile	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile	^[36]
26		Bolivia	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra	^[37]
27		South Africa	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Durban	^[38]
28		Honduras	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Tegucigalpa	^[39]
29	Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne	Peru	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Lima	^[40]
30		Brazil	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy	^[41]
31	Jorge Mario Bergoglio *	Argentina	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Buenos Aires	^[42]
32	José da Cruz Policarpo	Portugal	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Patriarch of Lisbon	^[43]
33	Severino Poletto	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Turin	^[44]
34	Karl Lehmann	Germany	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Bishop of Mainz	^[45]
35	Angelo Scola	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Milan	^[46]
36	Anthony Olubunmi Okogie	Nigeria	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Lagos	^[47]
37	Gabriel Zubeir Wako	Sudan	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Khartoum	^[48]
38		Spain	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Seville	^[49]
39	Justin Francis Rigali	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Philadelphia	^[50]
40	Ennio Antonelli	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Family	^[51]
41	Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson	Ghana	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace	^[52]
42	Telesphore Placidus Toppo	India	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Ranchi	^[53]
43	George Pell	Australia	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Sydney	^[54]
44	Josip Bozanić	Croatia	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Zagreb	^[55]
45	Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn	Vietnam	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Ho Chi Minh City	^[56]
46	Philippe Barbarin	France	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Lyon	^[57]
47	Péter Erdő	Hungary	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Esztergom–Budapest	^[58]
48		Canada	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops	^[59]
49	Agostino Vallini	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran	^[60]
50	Jorge Liberato Urosa Savino	Venezuela	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Caracas	^[61]
51	Jean-Pierre Ricard	France	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Bordeaux	^[62]
52	Antonio Cañizares Llovera	Spain	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments	^[63]
53		United States	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Boston	^[64]
54	Stanisław Dziwisz	Poland	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Kraków	^[65]
55	Carlo Caffarra	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Bologna	^[66]
56	Seán Baptist Brady	Ireland	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Armagh	^[67]
57	Lluís Martínez Sistach	Spain	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Barcelona	^[68]
58	André Vingt-Trois	France	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Paris	^[69]
59	Angelo Bagnasco	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Genoa	^[70]
60	Théodore-Adrien Sarr	Senegal	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Dakar	^[71]
61	Oswald Gracias	India	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Bombay	^[72]
62	Francisco Robles Ortega	Mexico	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Guadalajara	^[73]
63	Daniel Nicholas DiNardo	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Galveston–Houston	^[74]
64	Odilo Pedro Scherer	Brazil	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of São Paulo	^[75]
65	John Njue	Kenya	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Nairobi	^[76]
66	Raúl Eduardo Vela Chiriboga	Ecuador	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Quito	^[77]
67	Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya	Democratic Republic of the Congo	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Kinshasa	^[78]
68	Paolo Romeo	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Palermo	^[79]
69	Donald William Wuerl	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Washington	^[80]
70	Raymundo Damasceno Assis	Brazil	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Aparecida	^[81]
71	Kazimierz Nycz	Poland	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Warsaw	^[82]
72	Albert Malcolm Ranjith Patabendige Don	Sri Lanka	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Colombo	^[83]
73	Reinhard Marx	Germany	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Munich and Freising	^[84]
74	George Alencherry	India	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Major Archbishop of Ernakulam–Angamaly (Syro-Malabar Church)	^[85]
75	Thomas Christopher Collins	Canada	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Toronto	^[86]
76		Czech Republic	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Prague	^[87]
77	Willem Jacobus Eijk	Netherlands	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Utrecht	^[88]
78	Giuseppe Betori	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Florence	^[89]
79	Timothy Michael Dolan	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of New York	^[90]
80	Rainer Maria Woelki	Germany	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Berlin	^[91]
81	John Tong Hon	China	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Bishop of Hong Kong	^[92]
82	Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal	India	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Major Archbishop of Trivandrum (Syro-Malankara Church)	^[93]
83	John Olorunfemi Onaiyekan	Nigeria	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Abuja	^[94]
84	Rubén Salazar Gómez	Colombia	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Bogotá	^[95]
85	Luis Antonio Gokim Tagle	Philippines	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Manila	^[96]
86	Jean-Louis Tauran	France	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue (Protodeacon)	^[97]
87	Attilio Nicora	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	Pontifical Legate for the Basilicas of Saint Francis and Saint Mary of the Angels in Assisi and President of the Financial Information Authority	^[98]
88	William Joseph Levada	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith	^[99]
89		Slovenia	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life	^[100]
90	Leonardo Sandri	Argentina	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches	^[101]
91	Giovanni Lajolo	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State	^[102]
92	Paul Josef Cordes	Germany	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	President emeritus of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum	^[103]
93	Angelo Comastri	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	Vicar General for Vatican City, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter	^[104]
94	Stanisław Ryłko	Poland	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	President of the Pontifical Council for the Laity	^[105]
95		Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	Archivist and Librarian emeritus of the Holy Roman Church	^[106]
96		Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints	^[107]
97	Robert Sarah	Guinea	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	President of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum	^[108]
98	Francesco Monterisi	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls	^[109]
99	Raymond Leo Burke	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura	^[110]
100	Kurt Koch	Switzerland	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity	^[111]
101	Paolo Sardi	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta	^[112]
102	Mauro Piacenza	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy	^[113]
103		Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	President emeritus of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See	^[114]
104	Gianfranco Ravasi	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	President of the Pontifical Council for Culture	^[115]
105	Fernando Filoni	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples	^[116]
106	Manuel Monteiro de Castro	Portugal	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	Major Penitentiary	^[117]
107	Santos Abril y Castelló	Spain	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major	^[118]
108	Antonio Maria Vegliò	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People	^[119]
109	Giuseppe Bertello	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State	^[120]
110	Francesco Coccopalmerio	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	President of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts	^[121]
111	João Braz de Aviz	Brazil	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life	^[122]
112	Edwin Frederick O'Brien	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre	^[123]
113	Domenico Calcagno	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See	^[124]
114	Giuseppe Versaldi	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See	^[125]
115	James Michael Harvey	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	Benedict XVI	Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls	^[126]

Not in attendance

Rank	Name	Country	Born	Order	Consistory	Office	Reason for absence
1		Indonesia	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Jakarta	Health (deteriorating eyesight)	^[127] ^[128]
2	Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien	United Kingdom	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh	Personal (following allegations of sexual misconduct)	^[129] ^[130]

Cardinal electors by continent and by country

The 115 attending cardinal electors were from 48 countries on all six inhabited continents. The countries with the greatest number of cardinal electors were Italy (twenty-eight), the United States (eleven) and Germany (six).

+ Cardinal electors by continent
Continent	Number	Percentage
Africa	11
North America	20
South America	13
Asia	10
Europe	60
Oceania	1
Total	115	100.0%

+ Cardinal electors by country
Country	Continent	Number
Argentina	data-sort-value="America, South"	South America	2
Australia	Oceania	1
Austria	Europe	1
Belgium	Europe	1
Bolivia	data-sort-value="America, South"	South America	1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe	1
Brazil	data-sort-value="America, South"	South America	5
Canada	data-sort-value="America, North"	North America	3
Chile	data-sort-value="America, South"	South America	1
	Asia	1
Colombia	data-sort-value="America, South"	South America	1
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Africa	1
Croatia	Europe	1
Cuba	data-sort-value="America, North"	North America	1
Czech Republic	Europe	1
Dominican Republic	data-sort-value="America, North"	North America	1
Ecuador	data-sort-value="America, South"	South America	1
Egypt	Africa	1
France	Europe	4
Germany	Europe	6
Ghana	Africa	1
Guinea	Africa	1
Honduras	data-sort-value="America, North"	North America	1
Hungary	Europe	1
India	Asia	5
Ireland	Europe	1
Italy	Europe	28
Kenya	Africa	1
Lebanon	Asia	1
Lithuania	Europe	1
Mexico	data-sort-value="America, North"	North America	3
Netherlands	Europe	1
Nigeria	Africa	2
Peru	data-sort-value="America, South"	South America	1
Philippines	Asia	1
Poland	Europe	4
Portugal	Europe	2
Senegal	Africa	1
Slovenia	Europe	1
South Africa	Africa	1
Spain	Europe	5
Sri Lanka	Asia	1
Sudan	Africa	1
Switzerland	Europe	1
Tanzania	Africa	1
United States	data-sort-value="America, North"	North America	11
Venezuela	data-sort-value="America, South"	South America	1
Vietnam	Asia	1
Total		115

See also

• Cardinals created by John Paul II
• Cardinals created by Benedict XVI
• Cardinal electors in the 2005 papal conclave

• List of current cardinals

Notes and References

1. Web site: Universi Dominici Gregis . Apostolic constitution . . 22 February 1996 . . . 28 February 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191122152903/https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_22021996_universi-dominici-gregis.html . 22 November 2019 . live.
2. News: 4 March 2013 . Lombardi: 12 Cardinal electors yet to arrive as 1st Congregation concludes . . 4 March 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150615194305/http://en.radiovaticana.va/storico/2013/03/04/lombardi_12_cardinal_electors_yet_to_arrive_as_1st_congregation/en1-670173 . 15 June 2015 . dead.
3. Web site: Briefing sulla Sesta e sulla Settima Congregazione Generale del Collegio Cardinalizio . 8 March 2013 . . Press Conference on the Sixth and Seventh General Congregations of the College of Cardinals . 8 March 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150911233357/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2013/03/08/0140/00357.html . 11 September 2015 . live.
4. Web site: Elenco dei Cardinali che entrano in Conclave secondo il loro rispettivo ordine e precedenza (Vescovi, Presbiteri, Diaconi) . 12 March 2013 . . it . List of Cardinals entering into Conclave according to their respective order of precedence (Bishops, Priests, Deacons) . 12 March 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140503185432/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2013/03/12/0146/00364.html . 3 May 2014 . live.
5. Web site: De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani Pontificis . Motu proprio . . 11 June 2007 . . . la . 11 June 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191204192812/https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/la/motu_proprio/documents/hf_ben-xvi_motu-proprio_20070611_de-electione.html . 4 December 2019 . live.
6. Web site: L'ingresso in Conclave e il giuramento dei Cardinali elettori . 12 March 2013 . . it . Entrance into the Conclave and the oath of the Cardinal electors . 12 March 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140504001538/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2013/03/12/0146/00366.html . 4 May 2014 . live.
7. News: 12 March 2013 . Rome conclave: Cardinals begin voting for new Pope . . . 12 March 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171227165010/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-21750661 . 27 December 2017 . live.
8. Web site: L'annuncio dell'elezione del Papa . 13 March 2013 . . Announcement of the election of the Pope . 13 March 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141004031917/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2013/03/13/0147/00367.html . 4 October 2014 . live.
9. News: 14 March 2013 . Argentina's Jorge Mario Bergoglio elected Pope Francis . . . 14 March 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150409061414/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-21777494 . 9 April 2015 . live.
10. News: No Arab in the running for Pope, but Maronite to get vote for first time . . 12 February 2013 . 20 August 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130524061340/http://www.albawaba.com/news/pope-resignation-470103 . 24 May 2013 . live.
11. News: Moran Mor Baselios Cardinal Cleemis left for Rome . Malankara Catholic News . 28 February 2013 . 20 August 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130927203342/http://news.catholicate.net/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsType=News&ID=221 . 27 September 2013 . dead.
12. Web site: Re Card. Giovanni Battista . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919123625/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_re_gb.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
13. Web site: Bertone Card. Tarcisio, S.D.B. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919140319/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_bertone_t.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
14. Web site: Naguib H.B. Card. Antonios . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180525133739/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_naguib_a.html . 25 May 2018 . live.
15. Web site: Raï Card. Béchara Boutros, O.M.M. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180630104929/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_rai_bb.html . 30 June 2018 . live.
16. Web site: Danneels Card. Godfried . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062638/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_danneels_g.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
17. Web site: Meisner Card. Joachim . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151207134911/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_meisner_j.html . 7 December 2015 . live.
18. Web site: López Rodríguez Card. Nicolás de Jesús . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904061943/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_lopez-rodriguez_ndj.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
19. Web site: Mahony Card. Roger Michael . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064032/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_mahony_rm.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
20. Web site: Ortega y Alamino Card. Jaime Lucas . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070444/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_ortega-y-alamino_jl.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
21. Web site: Turcotte Card. Jean-Claude . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150215024123/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_turcotte_jc.html . 15 February 2015 . live.
22. Web site: Puljić Card. Vinko . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063755/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_puljic_v.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
23. Web site: Sandoval Íñiguez Card. Juan . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064553/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sandoval-iniguez_j.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
24. Web site: Rouco Varela Card. Antonio María . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070610/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_rouco-varela_am.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
25. Web site: Tettamanzi Card. Dionigi . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171210235950/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_tettamanzi_d.html . 10 December 2017 . live.
26. Web site: Pengo Card. Polycarp . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070712/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_pengo_p.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
27. Web site: Schönborn Card. Christoph, O.P. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063611/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_schonborn_c.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
28. Web site: Rivera Carrera Card. Norberto . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171022193326/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_rivera-carrera_n.html . 22 October 2017 . live.
29. Web site: George Card. Francis Eugene, O.M.I. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020143/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_george_fe.html . 5 March 2016 . live.
30. Web site: Grocholewski Card. Zenon . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063045/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_grocholewski_z.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
31. Web site: Sepe Card. Crescenzio . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070435/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sepe_c.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
32. Web site: Kasper Card. Walter . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070447/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_kasper_w.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
33. Web site: Dias Card. Ivan . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919122307/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_dias_i.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
34. Web site: Agnelo Card. Geraldo Majella . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904105017/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_agnelo_gm.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
35. Web site: Bačkis Card. Audrys Juozas . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070636/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_backis_aj.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
36. Web site: Errázuriz Ossa Card. Francisco Javier . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064124/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_errazuriz-ossa_fj.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
37. Web site: Terrazas Sandoval Card. Julio, C.SS.R. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160306081632/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_terrazas-sandoval_j.html . 6 March 2016 . live.
38. Web site: Napier Card. Wilfrid Fox, O.F.M. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070437/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_napier_wf.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
39. Web site: Rodríguez Maradiaga Card. Óscar Andrés, S.D.B. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070551/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_rodriguez-mardiaga_oa.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
40. Web site: Cipriani Thorne Card. Juan Luis . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919093408/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_cipriani-thorne_jl.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
41. Web site: Hummes Card. Cláudio, O.F.M. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062325/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_hummes_c.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
42. Web site: Bergoglio Card. Jorge Mario, S.I. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180809113040/https://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_bergoglio_jm_en.html . 9 August 2018 . dead.
43. Web site: Policarpo Card. José da Cruz . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180805140650/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_policarpo-da-cruz_j.html . 5 August 2018 . live.
44. Web site: Poletto Card. Severino . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062739/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_poletto_f.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
45. Web site: Lehmann Card. Karl . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160309214102/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_lehmann_k.html . 9 March 2016 . live.
46. Web site: Scola Card. Angelo . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070500/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_scola_a.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
47. Web site: Okogie Card. Anthony Olubunmi . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062051/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_okogie_ao.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
48. Web site: Zubeir Wako Card. Gabriel . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171022142340/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_zubeir-wako_g.html . 22 October 2017 . live.
49. Web site: Amigo Vallejo Card. Carlos, O.F.M. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063943/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_amigo-vallejo_c.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
50. Web site: Rigali Card. Justin Francis . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904061941/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_rigali_jf.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
51. Web site: Antonelli Card. Ennio . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063133/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_antonelli_e.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
52. Web site: Turkson Card. Peter Kodwo Appiah . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904061939/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_turkson_pka.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
53. Web site: Toppo Card. Telesphore Placidus . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070558/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_toppo_tp.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
54. Web site: Pell Card. George . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063515/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_pell_g.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
55. Web site: Bozanić Card. Josip . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062321/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_bozanic_j.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
56. Web site: Pham Minh Mân Card. Jean-Baptiste . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070727/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_pham-minh-man_jb.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
57. Web site: Barbarin Card. Philippe . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904105419/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_barbarin_p.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
58. Web site: Erdő Card. Péter . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070644/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_erdo_p.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
59. Web site: Ouellet Card. Marc, P.S.S. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063608/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_ouellet_m.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
60. Web site: Vallini Card. Agostino . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070536/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_vallini_a.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
61. Web site: Urosa Savino Card. Jorge Liberato . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062323/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_urosa-savino_jl.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
62. Web site: Ricard Card. Jean-Pierre . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070516/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_ricard_jp.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
63. Web site: Cañizares Llovera Card. Antonio . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070514/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_canizares-llovera_a.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
64. Web site: O'Malley Card. Seán Patrick, O.F.M. Cap. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064645/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_omalley_sp.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
65. Web site: Dziwisz Card. Stanisław . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904105209/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_dziwisz_s.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
66. Web site: Caffarra Card. Carlo . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171211215915/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_caffarra_c.html . 11 December 2017 . live.
67. Web site: Brady Card. Seán Baptist . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070456/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_brady_sb.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
68. Web site: Martínez Sistach Card. Lluís . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063937/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_martinez-sistach_l.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
69. Web site: Vingt-Trois Card. André . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062841/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_vingt-trois_a.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
70. Web site: Bagnasco Card. Angelo . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063226/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_bagnasco_a.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
71. Web site: Sarr Card. Théodore-Adrien . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062049/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sarr_ta.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
72. Web site: Gracias Card. Oswald . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064836/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_gracias_o.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
73. Web site: Robles Ortega Card. Francisco . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070544/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_robles-ortega_f.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
74. Web site: DiNardo Card. Daniel Nicholas . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171015095220/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_dinardo_dn.html . 15 October 2017 . live.
75. Web site: Scherer Card. Odilo Pedro . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070606/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_scherer_op.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
76. Web site: Njue Card. John . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062944/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_njue_j.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
77. Web site: Vela Chiriboga Card. Raúl Eduardo . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070734/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_vela-chiriboga_re.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
78. Web site: Monsengwo Pasinya Card. Laurent . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171023010454/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_monsengwo-pasinya_l.html . 23 October 2017 . live.
79. Web site: Romeo Card. Paolo . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070549/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_romeo_p.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
80. Web site: Wuerl Card. Donald William . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904105207/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_wuerl_dw.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
81. Web site: Assis Card. Raymundo Damasceno . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070613/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_assis-damasceno_r.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
82. Web site: Nycz Card. Kazimierz . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064126/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_nycz_k.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
83. Web site: Patabendige Don Card. Albert Malcolm Ranjith . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064743/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_patabendige-don_amr.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
84. Web site: Marx Card. Reinhard . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062839/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_marx_r.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
85. Web site: Alencherry Card. George . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070732/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_alencherry_g.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
86. Web site: Collins Card. Thomas Christopher . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150617/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_collins_tc.html . 15 October 2017 . live.
87. Web site: Duka Card. Dominik, O.P. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171015095224/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_duka_d.html . 15 October 2017 . live.
88. Web site: Eijk Card. Willem Jacobus . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171015095221/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_eijk_wj.html . 15 October 2017 . live.
89. Web site: Betori Card. Giuseppe . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171015203109/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_betori_g.html . 15 October 2017 . live.
90. Web site: Dolan Card. Timothy Michael . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170405052058/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_dolan_tm.html . 5 April 2017 . live.
91. Web site: Woelki Card. Rainer Maria . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064316/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_woelki_rm.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
92. Web site: Tong Hon Card. John . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062537/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_tong-hon_j.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
93. Web site: Thottunkal Card. Baselios Cleemis . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070628/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_thottunkal_bc.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
94. Web site: Onaiyekan Card. John Olorunfemi . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070443/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_onaiyekan_jo.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
95. Web site: Salazar Gómez Card. Rubén . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064314/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_salazar-gomez_r.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
96. Web site: Tagle Card. Luis Antonio Gokim . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062048/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_tagle_la.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
97. Web site: Tauran Card. Jean-Louis . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904104911/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_tauran_jl.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
98. Web site: Nicora Card. Attilio . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919095923/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_nicora_a.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
99. Web site: Levada Card. William Joseph . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062204/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_levada_wj.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
100. Web site: Rodé Card. Franc, C.M. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070633/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_rode_f.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
101. Web site: Sandri Card. Leonardo . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919102314/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sandri_l.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
102. Web site: Lajolo Card. Giovanni . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919114538/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_lajolo_g.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
103. Web site: Cordes Card. Paul Josef . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919132239/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_cordes_pj.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
104. Web site: Comastri Card. Angelo . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070729/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_comastri_a.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
105. Web site: Ryłko Card. Stanisław . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070750/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_rylko_s.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
106. Web site: Farina Card. Raffaele, S.D.B. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919135525/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_farina_r.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
107. Web site: Amato Card. Angelo, S.D.B. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171019163438/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_amato_a.html . 19 October 2017 . live.
108. Web site: Sarah Card. Robert . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919100621/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sarah_r.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
109. Web site: Monterisi Card. Francesco . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064313/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_monterisi_f.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
110. Web site: Burke Card. Raymond Leo . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170405052051/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_burke_rl.html . 5 April 2017 . live.
111. Web site: Koch Card. Kurt . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161113191111/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_koch_k.html . 13 November 2016 . live.
112. Web site: Sardi Card. Paolo . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919131144/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sardi_p.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
113. Web site: Piacenza Card. Mauro . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919102025/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_piacenza_m.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
114. Web site: De Paolis Card. Velasio, C.S. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171211210054/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_depaolis_v.html . 11 December 2017 . live.
115. Web site: Ravasi Card. Gianfranco . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919103702/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_ravasi_g.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
116. Web site: Filoni Card. Fernando . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919094016/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_filoni_f.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
117. Web site: Monteiro de Castro Manuel . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919102916/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_monteiro-de-castro_m.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
118. Web site: Abril y Castelló Card. Santos . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063517/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_abril-y-castello_s.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
119. Web site: Vegliò Card. Antonio Maria . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919092439/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_veglio_am.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
120. Web site: Bertello Card. Giuseppe . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919094416/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_bertello_g.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
121. Web site: Coccopalmerio Card. Francesco . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170306163427/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_coccopalmerio_f.html . 6 March 2017 . live.
122. Web site: Aviz Card. João Braz de . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919104635/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_aviz-braz-de_j.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
123. Web site: O'Brien Card. Edwin Frederick . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919105235/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_obrien_ef.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
124. Web site: Calcagno Card. Domenico . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170815030105/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_calcagno_d.html . 15 August 2017 . live.
125. Web site: Versaldi Card. Giuseppe . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919111119/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_versaldi_g.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
126. Web site: Harvey Card. James Michael . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904104648/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_harvey_jm.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
127. News: Hariyadi . Mathias . 21 February 2013 . Conclave, Cardinal Darmaatmadja renounces for "health reasons" . . 21 February 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130224055228/http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Conclave%2C-Cardinal-Darmaatmadja-renounces-for-health-reasons-27198.html . 24 February 2013 . live.
128. Web site: Darmaatmadja Card. Julius Riyadi, S.I. . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070441/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_darmaatmadja_jr.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
129. News: Pigott . Robert . 25 February 2013 . Cardinal Keith O'Brien resigns as Archbishop . . . 25 February 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140520032648/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21572724 . 20 May 2014 . live.
130. Web site: O'Brien Card. Keith Michael Patrick . . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064402/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_obrien_kmp.html . 4 September 2017 . live.