Cardinal electors in the 2005 papal conclave explained

The papal conclave of 2005 was convened to elect a pope, the leader of the Catholic Church, to succeed Pope John Paul II following his death on 2 April 2005. In accordance with the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, which governed the vacancy of the Holy See, only cardinals who had not passed their 80th birthday on the day on which the Holy See became vacant (in this case, cardinals who were born on or after 2 April 1925) were eligible to participate in the conclave.^[1] Although not a formal requirement, the cardinal electors invariably elected the pope from among their number. The election was carried out by secret ballot (Latin: per scrutinium).^[1]

Of the 183 members of the College of Cardinals at the time of John Paul II's death, there were 117 cardinal electors who were eligible to participate in the subsequent conclave.^[2] Two cardinal electors did not participate, decreasing the number in attendance to 115.^{[3] [4]} The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority was, or (only in the event of a protracted deadlock) a simple majority of .^[1]

Of the 115 attending cardinal electors, 5 were cardinal bishops, 93 were cardinal priests, and 17 were cardinal deacons; 2 had been created cardinals by Pope Paul VI and 113 by Pope John Paul II; 24 worked in the service of the Holy See (such as in the Roman Curia), 73 were in pastoral ministry outside Rome, and 18 had retired. The oldest cardinal elector in the conclave was Marco Cé, at the age of, and the youngest was Péter Erdő, at the age of . Another 66 cardinals were ineligible to participate in the conclave, for reasons of age.^[2]

The cardinal electors entered the Sistine Chapel to begin the conclave on 18 April 2005.^[5] On 19 April, after four ballots over two days, they elected Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, who took the papal name Benedict XVI.^[6]

Cardinal electors

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders: cardinal bishops (CB), cardinal priests (CP) and cardinal deacons (CD), with precedence in that sequence. This is the order in which the cardinal electors process into the conclave, take the oath and cast their ballots.^[1] For cardinal bishops, except the Eastern Catholic patriarchs, the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice-dean and then by the rest in order of appointment as cardinal bishops. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.^[4]

Three of the cardinal electors were from the Eastern Catholic Churches: Ignace Moussa I Daoud (Syriac), Varkey Vithayathil (Syro-Malabar) and Lubomyr Husar (Ukrainian). The senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon and the junior cardinal deacon, who were assigned specific roles in the conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope (the senior cardinal deacon),^[1] were, respectively, Joseph Ratzinger, William Wakefield Baum, Jorge Arturo Medina Estévez and Attilio Nicora.^[4] The camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, who was in charge of administering the Holy See during its vacancy, was Eduardo Martínez Somalo.^[1]

The data below are as of 2 April 2005, the date on which the Holy See became vacant. All cardinals are of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters.

Rank	Name	Country	Born	Order	Consistory	Office
1	Joseph Ratzinger	Germany	(age )	data-sort-value="1"	CB	Paul VI	Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (Dean)	^[7]
2	Angelo Sodano	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="1"	CB	John Paul II	Secretary of State (Vice-Dean)	^[8]
3	Alfonso López Trujillo	Colombia	(age )	data-sort-value="1"	CB	John Paul II	President of the Pontifical Council for the Family	^[9]
4	Giovanni Battista Re	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="1"	CB	John Paul II	Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops	^[10]
5	Ignace Moussa I Daoud	Syria	(age )	data-sort-value="1"	CB	John Paul II	Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches (Syriac Church)	^[11]
6	William Wakefield Baum	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Paul VI	Major Penitentiary emeritus	^[12]
7	Marco Cé	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Patriarch emeritus of Venice	^[13]
8	Franciszek Macharski	Poland	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Kraków	^[14]
9	Michael Michai Kitbunchu	Thailand	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Bangkok	^[15]
10	Godfried Danneels	Belgium	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Mechelen–Brussels	^[16]
11	Thomas Stafford Williams	New Zealand	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Wellington	^[17]
12		Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Milan	^[18]
13	Jean-Marie Lustiger	France	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Paris	^[19]
14	Józef Glemp	Poland	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Warsaw	^[20]
15	Joachim Meisner	Germany	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Cologne	^[21]
16	Francis Arinze	Nigeria	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments	^[22]
17		Nicaragua	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Managua	^[23]
18	Ricardo Jamin Vidal	Philippines	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Cebu	^[24]
19	Paul Poupard	France	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	President of the Pontifical Council for Culture	^[25]
20	Friedrich Wetter	Germany	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Munich and Freising	^[26]
21	Adrianus Johannes Simonis	Netherlands	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Utrecht	^[27]
22	Bernard Francis Law	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major	^[28]
23	Giacomo Biffi	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Bologna	^[29]
24	Eduardo Martínez Somalo	Spain	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church	^[30]
25	José Freire Falcão	Brazil	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Brasília	^[31]
26	Michele Giordano	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Naples	^[32]
27	Edmund Casimir Szoka	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State	^[33]
28		Hungary	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Esztergom–Budapest	^[34]
29	Christian Wiyghan Tumi	Cameroon	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Douala	^[35]
30		Democratic Republic of the Congo	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Kinshasa	^[36]
31	Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez	Dominican Republic	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Santo Domingo	^[37]
32	Roger Michael Mahony	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Los Angeles	^[38]
33	Camillo Ruini	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran	^[39]
34	Henri Schwery	Switzerland	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Bishop emeritus of Sion	^[40]
35	Georg Maximilian Sterzinsky	Germany	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Berlin	^[41]
36	Miloslav Vlk	Czech Republic	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Prague	^[42]
37	Peter Seiichi Shirayanagi	Japan	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Tokyo	^[43]
38		Indonesia	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Jakarta	^[44]
39	Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino	Cuba	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana	^[45]
40	Emmanuel Wamala	Uganda	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Kampala	^[46]
41	William Henry Keeler	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Baltimore	^[47]
42	Jean-Claude Turcotte	Canada	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Montreal	^[48]
43	Ricardo María Carles Gordó	Spain	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Barcelona	^[49]
44	Adam Joseph Maida	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Detroit	^[50]
45	Vinko Puljić	Bosnia and Herzegovina	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Vrhbosna	^[51]
46	Armand Gaetan Razafindratandra	Madagascar	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Antananarivo	^[52]
47	Juan Sandoval Íñiguez	Mexico	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Guadalajara	^[53]
48	Salvatore De Giorgi	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Palermo	^[54]
49	Antonio María Rouco Varela	Spain	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Madrid	^[55]
50	Aloysius Matthew Ambrozic	Canada	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Toronto	^[56]
51	Dionigi Tettamanzi	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Milan	^[57]
52	Polycarp Pengo	Tanzania	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam	^[58]
53		Austria	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Vienna	^[59]
54	Norberto Rivera Carrera	Mexico	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Mexico	^[60]
55		United States	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Chicago	^[61]
56	Marian Jaworski	Poland	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Lviv	^[62]
57	Jānis Pujats	Latvia	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Riga	^[63]
58	Ivan Dias	India	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Bombay	^[64]
59	Geraldo Majella Agnelo	Brazil	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia	^[65]
60	Pedro Rubiano Sáenz	Colombia	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Bogotá	^[66]
61	Theodore Edgar McCarrick	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Washington	^[67]
62	Desmond Connell	Ireland	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Dublin	^[68]
63	Audrys Juozas Bačkis	Lithuania	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Vilnius	^[69]
64		Chile	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Santiago de Chile	^[70]
65		Bolivia	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra	^[71]
66		South Africa	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Durban	^[72]
67		Honduras	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Tegucigalpa	^[73]
68	Bernard Agré	Ivory Coast	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Abidjan	^[74]
69	Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne	Peru	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Lima	^[75]
70	Francisco Álvarez Martínez	Spain	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Toledo	^[76]
71		Brazil	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of São Paulo	^[77]
72		India	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Major Archbishop of Ernakulam–Angamaly (Syro-Malabar Church)	^[78]
73		Argentina	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Buenos Aires	^[79]
74	José da Cruz Policarpo	Portugal	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Patriarch of Lisbon	^[80]
75	Severino Poletto	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Turin	^[81]
76	Cormac Murphy-O'Connor	United Kingdom	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Westminster	^[82]
77	Edward Michael Egan	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of New York	^[83]
78		Ukraine	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Major Archbishop of Kyiv–Galicia (Ukrainian Greek Church)	^[84]
79	Karl Lehmann	Germany	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Bishop of Mainz	^[85]
80	Angelo Scola	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Patriarch of Venice	^[86]
81	Anthony Olubunmi Okogie	Nigeria	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Lagos	^[87]
82	Bernard Panafieu	France	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Marseille	^[88]
83	Gabriel Zubeir Wako	Sudan	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Khartoum	^[89]
84		Spain	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Seville	^[90]
85	Justin Francis Rigali	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Philadelphia	^[91]
86	Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien	United Kingdom	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh	^[92]
87		Brazil	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro	^[93]
88	Ennio Antonelli	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Florence	^[94]
89		Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Genoa	^[95]
90	Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson	Ghana	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Cape Coast	^[96]
91	Telesphore Placidus Toppo	India	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Ranchi	^[97]
92	George Pell	Australia	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Sydney	^[98]
93	Josip Bozanić	Croatia	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Zagreb	^[99]
94	Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn	Vietnam	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Ho Chi Minh City	^[100]
95	Rodolfo Quezada Toruño	Guatemala	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Guatemala	^[101]
96	Philippe Barbarin	France	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Lyon	^[102]
97	Péter Erdő	Hungary	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Esztergom–Budapest	^[103]
98		Canada	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop of Quebec	^[104]
99	Jorge Arturo Medina Estévez	Chile	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments (Protodeacon)	^[105]
100	Darío Castrillón Hoyos	Colombia	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy and President of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei	^[106]
101	James Francis Stafford	United States	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	Major Penitentiary	^[107]
102	Agostino Cacciavillan	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	President emeritus of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See	^[108]
103	Sergio Sebastiani	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See	^[109]
104	Zenon Grocholewski	Poland	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education	^[110]
105		Portugal	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints	^[111]
106	Crescenzio Sepe	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples	^[112]
107	Mario Francesco Pompedda	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	Prefect emeritus of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura	^[113]
108	Walter Kasper	Germany	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity	^[114]
109	Jean-Louis Tauran	France	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	Archivist and Librarian of the Holy Roman Church	^[115]
110	Renato Raffaele Martino	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace	^[116]
111	Francesco Marchisano	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Labour Office of the Apostolic See	^[117]
112	Julián Herranz Casado	Spain	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	President of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts	^[118]
113	Javier Lozano Barragán	Mexico	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers	^[119]
114	Stephen Fumio Hamao	Japan	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People	^[120]
115	Attilio Nicora	Italy	(age )	data-sort-value="3"	CD	John Paul II	President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See	^[121]

Not in attendance

Rank	Name	Country	Born	Order	Consistory	Office	Reason for absence
1	Jaime Lachica Sin	Philippines	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	Paul VI	Archbishop emeritus of Manila	Health (illness)	^[122]
2	Adolfo Antonio Suárez Rivera	Mexico	(age )	data-sort-value="2"	CP	John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Monterrey	Health (illness)	^[123]

Cardinal electors by continent and by country

The 115 attending cardinal electors were from 52 countries on all six inhabited continents. The countries with the greatest number of cardinal electors were Italy (twenty), the United States (eleven) and, jointly, Germany and Spain (six each).

+ Cardinal electors by continent
Continent	Number	Percentage
Africa	11
North America	22
South America	12
Asia	10
Europe	58
Oceania	2
Total	115	100.0%

+ Cardinal electors by country
Country	Continent	Number
Argentina	data-sort-value="America, South"	South America	1
Australia	Oceania	1
Austria	Europe	1
Belgium	Europe	1
Bolivia	data-sort-value="America, South"	South America	1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe	1
Brazil	data-sort-value="America, South"	South America	4
Cameroon	Africa	1
Canada	data-sort-value="America, North"	North America	3
Chile	data-sort-value="America, South"	South America	2
Colombia	data-sort-value="America, South"	South America	3
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Africa	1
Croatia	Europe	1
Cuba	data-sort-value="America, North"	North America	1
Czech Republic	Europe	1
Dominican Republic	data-sort-value="America, North"	North America	1
France	Europe	5
Germany	Europe	6
Ghana	Africa	1
Guatemala	data-sort-value="America, North"	North America	1
Honduras	data-sort-value="America, North"	North America	1
Hungary	Europe	2
India	Asia	3
Indonesia	Asia	1
Ireland	Europe	1
Italy	Europe	20
Ivory Coast	Africa	1
Japan	Asia	2
Latvia	Europe	1
Lithuania	Europe	1
Madagascar	Africa	1
Mexico	data-sort-value="America, North"	North America	3
Netherlands	Europe	1
New Zealand	Oceania	1
Nicaragua	data-sort-value="America, North"	North America	1
Nigeria	Africa	2
Peru	data-sort-value="America, South"	South America	1
Philippines	Asia	1
Poland	Europe	4
Portugal	Europe	2
South Africa	Africa	1
Spain	Europe	6
Sudan	Africa	1
Switzerland	Europe	1
Syria	Asia	1
Tanzania	Africa	1
Thailand	Asia	1
Uganda	Africa	1
Ukraine	Europe	1
United Kingdom	Europe	2
United States	data-sort-value="America, North"	North America	11
Vietnam	Asia	1
Total		115

See also

• Cardinals created by Paul VI
• Cardinals created by John Paul II
• Cardinal electors in the 1978 papal conclaves
• Cardinal electors in the 2013 papal conclave

Notes and References

1. Web site: Universi Dominici Gregis . Apostolic constitution . . 22 February 1996 . . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191122152903/https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_22021996_universi-dominici-gregis.html . 22 November 2019 . live.
2. News: O'Connell . Gerard . 4 April 2005 . Search for next pope begins as 183 cardinals gather in Rome . . 4 April 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181026105407/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/search-for-next-pope-begins-as-183-cardinals-gather-in-rome-9261.html . 26 October 2018 . live.
3. Web site: Briefing del Direttore della Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, Dr. Joaquín Navarro-Valls . 9 April 2005 . . Briefing of the Director of the Holy See Press Office, Dr. Joaquín Navarro-Valls . 9 April 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150912062431/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2005/04/09/0203/00430.html . 12 September 2015 . live.
4. Web site: Elenco degli Em.mi Cardinali che entrano in Conclave secondo il loro rispettivo ordine di precedenza (Vescovi, Presbiteri, Diaconi) . 18 April 2005 . . it . List of the Eminent Cardinals entering into Conclave according to their respective order of precedence (Bishops, Priests, Deacons) . 18 April 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140309025237/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2005/04/18/0225/00461.html . 9 March 2014 . live.
5. Web site: Ingresso in Conclave . 18 April 2005 . . it . Entrance into the Conclave . 18 April 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140309071426/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2005/04/18/0225/00460.html . 9 March 2014 . live.
6. Web site: L'annuncio dell'elezione del Papa . 19 April 2005 . . Announcement of the election of the Pope . 19 April 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140309025100/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2005/04/19/0226/00462.html . 9 March 2014 . live.
7. Web site: Ratzinger Card. Joseph . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180208065855/https://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_ratzinger_j_en.html . 8 February 2018 . dead.
8. Web site: Sodano Card. Angelo . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919125511/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sodano_a.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
9. Web site: López Trujillo Card. Alfonso . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181103142924/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_lopez-trujillo_a.html . 3 November 2018 . live.
10. Web site: Re Card. Giovanni Battista . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919123625/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_re_gb.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
11. Web site: Daoud Card. Ignace Moussa I . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170311/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_daoud_im.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
12. Web site: Baum Card. William Wakefield . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170253/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_baum_ww.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
13. Web site: Cé Card. Marco . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102401/http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_ce_m.html . 4 March 2016 . live.
14. Web site: Macharski Card. Franciszek . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170046/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_macharski_f.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
15. Web site: Kitbunchu Card. Michael Michai . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070526/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_kitbunchu_mm.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
16. Web site: Danneels Card. Godfried . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062638/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_danneels_g.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
17. Web site: Williams Card. Thomas Stafford . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904105309/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_williams_ts.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
18. Web site: Martini Card. Carlo Maria, S.I. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170357/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_martini_cm.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
19. Web site: Lustiger Card. Jean-Marie . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170400/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_lustiger_jm.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
20. Web site: Glemp Card. Józef . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170034/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_glemp_j.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
21. Web site: Meisner Card. Joachim . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151207134911/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_meisner_j.html . 7 December 2015 . live.
22. Web site: Arinze Card. Francis . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919133749/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_arinze_f.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
23. Web site: Obando Bravo Card. Miguel, S.D.B. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904061850/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_obando-bravo_m.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
24. Web site: Vidal Card. Ricardo J. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171023205332/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_vidal_rj.html . 23 October 2017 . live.
25. Web site: Poupard Card. Paul . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070751/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_poupard_p.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
26. Web site: Wetter Card. Friedrich . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062635/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_wetter_f.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
27. Web site: Simonis Card. Adrianus Johannes . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070756/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_simonis_aj.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
28. Web site: Law Card. Bernard Francis . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070615/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_law_bf.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
29. Web site: Biffi Card. Giacomo . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170333/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_biffi_g.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
30. Web site: Martínez Somalo Card. Eduardo . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904105311/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_martinez-somalo_e.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
31. Web site: Falcão Card. José Freire . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063513/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_falcao-freire_j.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
32. Web site: Giordano Card. Michele . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170323/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_giordano_m.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
33. Web site: Szoka Card. Edmund Casimir . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170228/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_szoka_ec.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
34. Web site: Paskai Card. László, O.F.M. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170336/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_paskai_l.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
35. Web site: Tumi Card. Christian Wiyghan . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064404/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_tumi_cw.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
36. Web site: Etsou-Nzabi-Bamungwabi Card. Frédéric, C.I.C.M. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170338/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_etsou-nzabi-bamungwabi_f.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
37. Web site: López Rodríguez Card. Nicolás de Jesús . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904061943/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_lopez-rodriguez_ndj.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
38. Web site: Mahony Card. Roger Michael . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064032/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_mahony_rm.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
39. Web site: Ruini Card. Camillo . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064448/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_ruini_c.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
40. Web site: Schwery Card. Henri . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904061847/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_schwery_h.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
41. Web site: Sterzinsky Card. Georg Maximilian . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170309/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sterzinsky_gm.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
42. Web site: Vlk Card. Miloslav . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170234/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_vlk_m.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
43. Web site: Shirayanagi Card. Peter Seiichi . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170349/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_shirayanagi_ps.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
44. Web site: Darmaatmadja Card. Julius Riyadi, S.I. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070441/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_darmaatmadja_jr.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
45. Web site: Ortega y Alamino Card. Jaime Lucas . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070444/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_ortega-y-alamino_jl.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
46. Web site: Wamala Card. Emmanuel . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063228/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_wamala_e.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
47. Web site: Keeler Card. William Henry . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170001/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_keeler_wh.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
48. Web site: Turcotte Card. Jean-Claude . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150215024123/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_turcotte_jc.html . 15 February 2015 . live.
49. Web site: Carles Gordó Card. Ricardo María . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170013/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_carles-gordo_rm.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
50. Web site: Maida Card. Adam Joseph . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070528/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_maida_aj.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
51. Web site: Puljić Card. Vinko . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063755/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_puljic_v.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
52. Web site: Razafindratandra Card. Armand Gaetan . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170351/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_razafindratandra_ag.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
53. Web site: Sandoval Íñiguez Card. Juan . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064553/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sandoval-iniguez_j.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
54. Web site: De Giorgi Card. Salvatore . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070618/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_de-giorgi_s.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
55. Web site: Rouco Varela Card. Antonio María . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070610/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_rouco-varela_am.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
56. Web site: Ambrozic Card. Aloysius Matthew . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170356/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_ambrozic_am.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
57. Web site: Tettamanzi Card. Dionigi . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171210235950/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_tettamanzi_d.html . 10 December 2017 . live.
58. Web site: Pengo Card. Polycarp . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070712/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_pengo_p.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
59. Web site: Schönborn Card. Christoph, O.P. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063611/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_schonborn_c.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
60. Web site: Rivera Carrera Card. Norberto . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171022193326/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_rivera-carrera_n.html . 22 October 2017 . live.
61. Web site: George Card. Francis Eugene, O.M.I. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020143/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_george_fe.html . 5 March 2016 . live.
62. Web site: Jaworski Card. Marian . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070453/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_jaworski_m.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
63. Web site: Pujats Card. Jānis . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904105414/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_pujats_j.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
64. Web site: Dias Card. Ivan . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919122307/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_dias_i.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
65. Web site: Agnelo Card. Geraldo Majella . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904105017/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_agnelo_gm.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
66. Web site: Rubiano Sáenz Card. Pedro . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070602/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_rubiano-saenz_p.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
67. Web site: McCarrick Card. Theodore Edgar . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064317/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_mccarrick_te.html . 4 September 2017 . dead.
68. Web site: Connell Card. Desmond . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170248/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_connell_d.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
69. Web site: Bačkis Card. Audrys Juozas . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070636/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_backis_aj.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
70. Web site: Errázuriz Ossa Card. Francisco Javier . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064124/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_errazuriz-ossa_fj.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
71. Web site: Terrazas Sandoval Card. Julio, C.SS.R. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160306081632/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_terrazas-sandoval_j.html . 6 March 2016 . live.
72. Web site: Napier Card. Wilfrid Fox, O.F.M. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070437/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_napier_wf.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
73. Web site: Rodríguez Maradiaga Card. Óscar Andrés, S.D.B. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070551/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_rodriguez-mardiaga_oa.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
74. Web site: Agré Card. Bernard . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170333/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_agre_b.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
75. Web site: Cipriani Thorne Card. Juan Luis . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919093408/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_cipriani-thorne_jl.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
76. Web site: Álvarez Martínez Card. Francisco . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904105412/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_alvarez-martinez_f.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
77. Web site: Hummes Card. Cláudio, O.F.M. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062325/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_hummes_c.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
78. Web site: Vithayathil Card. Varkey, C.SS.R. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170352/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_vithayathil_v.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
79. Web site: Bergoglio Card. Jorge Mario, S.I. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130316070111/http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_bergoglio_jm_en.html . 16 March 2013 . dead.
80. Web site: Policarpo Card. José da Cruz . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180805140650/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_policarpo-da-cruz_j.html . 5 August 2018 . live.
81. Web site: Poletto Card. Severino . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062739/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_poletto_f.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
82. Web site: Murphy-O'Connor Card. Cormac . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170903030714/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_murphy-oconnor_c.html . 3 September 2017 . live.
83. Web site: Egan Card. Edward Michael . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170230/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_egan_em.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
84. Web site: Husar Card. Lubomyr, M.S.U. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170721101308/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_husar_l.html . 21 July 2017 . live.
85. Web site: Lehmann Card. Karl . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160309214102/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_lehmann_k.html . 9 March 2016 . live.
86. Web site: Scola Card. Angelo . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070500/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_scola_a.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
87. Web site: Okogie Card. Anthony Olubunmi . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062051/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_okogie_ao.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
88. Web site: Panafieu Card. Bernard . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064218/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_panafieu_b.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
89. Web site: Zubeir Wako Card. Gabriel . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171022142340/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_zubeir-wako_g.html . 22 October 2017 . live.
90. Web site: Amigo Vallejo Card. Carlos, O.F.M. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063943/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_amigo-vallejo_c.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
91. Web site: Rigali Card. Justin Francis . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904061941/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_rigali_jf.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
92. Web site: O'Brien Card. Keith Michael Patrick . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064402/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_obrien_kmp.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
93. Web site: Scheid Card. Eusébio . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070547/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_scheid_eo.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
94. Web site: Antonelli Card. Ennio . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063133/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_antonelli_e.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
95. Web site: Bertone Card. Tarcisio, S.D.B. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919140319/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_bertone_t.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
96. Web site: Turkson Card. Peter Kodwo Appiah . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904061939/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_turkson_pka.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
97. Web site: Toppo Card. Telesphore Placidus . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070558/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_toppo_tp.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
98. Web site: Pell Card. George . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063515/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_pell_g.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
99. Web site: Bozanić Card. Josip . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062321/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_bozanic_j.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
100. Web site: Pham Minh Mân Card. Jean-Baptiste . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070727/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_pham-minh-man_jb.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
101. Web site: Quezada Toruño Card. Rodolfo . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170101/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_quezada-toruno_r.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
102. Web site: Barbarin Card. Philippe . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904105419/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_barbarin_p.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
103. Web site: Erdő Card. Péter . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070644/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_erdo_p.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
104. Web site: Ouellet Card. Marc, P.S.S. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063608/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_ouellet_m.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
105. Web site: Medina Estévez Card. Jorge Arturo . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070600/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_medina-estevez_ja.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
106. Web site: Castrillón Hoyos Card. Darío . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070503/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_castrillon-hoyos_d.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
107. Web site: Stafford Card. James Francis . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904062425/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_stafford_jf.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
108. Web site: Cacciavillan Card. Agostino . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070642/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_cacciavillan_a.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
109. Web site: Sebastiani Card. Sergio . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070524/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sebastiani_s.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
110. Web site: Grocholewski Card. Zenon . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063045/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_grocholewski_z.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
111. Web site: Saraiva Martins Card. José, C.M.F. . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919132821/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_saraiva-martins_j.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
112. Web site: Sepe Card. Crescenzio . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070435/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sepe_c.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
113. Web site: Pompedda Card. Mario Francesco . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170328/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_pompedda_mf.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
114. Web site: Kasper Card. Walter . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070447/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_kasper_w.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
115. Web site: Tauran Card. Jean-Louis . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904104911/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_tauran_jl.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
116. Web site: Martino Card. Renato Raffaele . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919120915/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_martino_rr.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
117. Web site: Marchisano Card. Francesco . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160309075005/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_marchisano_f.html . 9 March 2016 . live.
118. Web site: Herranz Card. Julián . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063941/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_herranz_j.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
119. Web site: Lozano Barragán Card. Javier . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070604/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_lozano-barragan_j.html . 4 September 2017 . live.
120. Web site: Hamao Card. Stephen Fumio . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170255/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_hamao_sf.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
121. Web site: Nicora Card. Attilio . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919095923/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_nicora_a.html . 19 September 2016 . live.
122. Web site: Sin Card. Jaime Lachica . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170331/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sin_jl.html . 14 August 2018 . live.
123. Web site: Suárez Rivera Card. Adolfo Antonio . . 22 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170356/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_suarez-rivera_aa.html . 14 August 2018 . live.