San Marco Evangelista al Campidoglio, Rome explained
San Marco is a minor basilica in Rome dedicated to Saint Mark the Evangelist located in the small Piazza di San Marco adjoining Piazza Venezia. It was first built in 336 by Pope Mark, whose remains are in an urn located below the main altar. The basilica is the national church of Venice in Rome.
History
In 336, Pope Mark built a church devoted to one of the Evangelists, his patron saint, Mark the Evangelist, in a place called ad Pallacinas. The church is thus recorded as Titulus Marci in the 499 synod of Pope Symmachus. At that time it became one of the stational churches of the city (Monday of the third week in Lent).
After a restoration in 792 by Pope Adrian I, the church was rebuilt by Pope Gregory IV in 833. Besides the addition of a Romanesque bell tower in 1154, the major change in the architecture of the church was ordered by Pope Paul II in 1465–70, when the façade of the church was restyled according to the Renaissance taste with a portico and loggia, using marbles taken from the Colosseum and the Theatre of Marcellus. The façade is attributed to Leon Battista Alberti.Paul II being a Venetian by birth, assigned the church to the Venetian people living in Rome.
The last major reworking of the basilica was started in 1654-57 and completed by Cardinal Angelo Maria Quirini in 1735–50. With these restorations, the church received its current Baroque decoration.
Interior
The floor of the church is below the ground level of the Renaissance period, and therefore steps lead down to the interior. The church retains its ancient basilica format, with a raised sanctuary. The inside of the church is clearly Baroque. However, the basilica shows noteworthy elements of all her earlier history:
- the apse mosaics, dating to Pope Gregory IV (827-844), show the Pope, with the squared halo of a living person, offering a model of the church to Christ, in the presence of Mark the Evangelist, Pope Mark and other saints;
- the wooden ceiling, with the emblem of Pope Paul II (1464-1471), is one of only two original 15th-century wooden ceilings in Rome, together with the one at Santa Maria Maggiore;
- Cardinal Angelo Maria Querini (cardinal priest of S. Marco 1728–1743) restored the Choir, renewed the pavement of the Chapel of the Sacrament, and rebuilt the high altar.[1]
- the tomb of Leonardo Pesaro of Venice, aged 16, by Antonio Canova (1796).[2]
In the portico are several early Christian grave stones, as well as the gravestone of Vannozza dei Cattanei, the mistress of Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia.
Cardinal priests
Eleventh and twelfth centuries
- Johannes (attested 1059).
- Atto (attested 1072 - 1084). Excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII as schismatic.
- Robertus (attested 1086).
- Romanus (attested 1098 - 1118). Supported the Antipope Clement III (Wido).
- Bonifatius (1111 - 1130?). Supported the Pope Anacletus II in the schism.
- Petrus (1130).
- Guido (1133 - 1143).
- Gilbertus (1143-1150).
- Rolandus Bandinelli (1151 - 1159). Elected Pope Alexander III.
- Johannes (1170 - 1190→).
Thirteenth and fourteenth centuries
- Goffredo da Castiglione (September 1227 - 1239). Promoted Bishop of Sabina.
- Guillaume de Bray (May 1262 - 29 April 1282).
- Pietro Peregrosso (1289 - 1 August 1295).
- Bertrand de Déaulx (18 December 1338 - 4 November 1348). Promoted Bishop of Sabina.
- Franciscus de Aptis (23 December 1356 - 25 August 1361).
- Jean de Blauzac (Blandiaco) (17 September 1361 - 1372). Promoted Bishop of Sabina.
- Petrus Amelii (18 December 1379 - 10 August 1389).
- Giovanni Fieschi (1390 - died before December 1384).
- Ludovico Donati, O. Min. (21 December 1381 - December 1386).
- Jean de Blauzac (17 Seotenber 1361 - September 1372). Promoted Bishop of Sabina.
Fifteenth century
Sixteenth century
Seventeenth century
Eighteenth century
Nineteenth century
- Ludovico Flangini-Giovanelli (2 April 1800 - 24 May 1802) translated to S. Anastasia.
- Luigi Ercolani (22 July 1816 - 10 December 1825).
- Karl Kajetan von Gaisruck (Gaysruck) (21 May 1829 - 19 November 1846).
- Charles Januarius Acton (21 December 1846, appointed - 23 June 1847, died)
- Giacomo Piccolomini (4 October 1847, appointed - 17 August 1861, died)
- Pietro de Silvestri (27 September 1861, appointed - 19 November 1875, died)
- Domenico Bartolini (3 April 1876, appointed - 2 October 1887, died)
- Michelangelo Celesia, O.S.B. (25 November 1887, appointed - 14 April 1904, died)
Twentieth century
- József Samassa (11 December 1905, appointed - 20 August 1912, died)
- Franz Xavier Nagl (2 December 1912, appointed - 4 February 1913, died)
- Friedrich Piffl (25 May 1914, appointed - 21 April 1932, died)
- Elia Dalla Costa (13 March 1933, appointed - 22 December 1961, died)
- Giovanni Urbani (19 March 1962, appointed - 17 September 1969, died)
- Albino Luciani (5 March 1973, appointed - 26 August 1978). Elected Pope as Pope John Paul I
Cardinal protectors
Bibliography
- Darko Senekovic, S. Marco, in D. Mondini, C. Jäggi, P. C. Claussen, Die Kirchen der Stadt Rom im Mittelalter 1050–1300, Band 4 (M-O), Stuttgart 2020, pp. 47–68.
- Roma, collection "L'Italia", Touring Editore, 2004, Milano.
- Macadam, Alta. Blue Guide Rome. A & C Black, London (1994),
- Domenico Bartolini, La sotterranea confessione della romana basilica di S. Marco (Roma: Crispino Peccinelli 1844).
- Vincenzo Forcella, Le inscrizioni delle chiese e d' altri edifice di Roma Volume IV. (Roma: Fratelli Bencini 1874), pp. 341–376.
- Mariano Armellini, Le chiese di Roma, dalle loro origine sino al secolo XVI (Roma: Editrice Romana 1887), pp. 327–329.
- Barbara Zenker, Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130 bis 1159 (Würzburg 1964), pp. 82–88.
- Rudolf Hüls, Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms, 1049-1130 (Tübingen: Max Niemeyer 1977), pp. 185–187.
- Werner Malaczek, Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216 (Vienna: Österreichische Kulturinstitut im Rom, 1984) [Abhandlungen, 6].
See also
External links
Notes and References
- Forcella, p. 343.
- Forcella, p. 368, no. 877.
- He was a cardinal-deacon, and S. Marco was a deaconry pro hac vice.
