Carbonic anhydrase 14 explained

Carbonic anhydrase 14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA14 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA XIV is predicted to be a type I membrane protein and shares highest sequence similarity with the other transmembrane CA isoform, CA XII; however, they have different patterns of tissue-specific expression and thus may play different physiologic roles.^[2]

In melanocytic cells CA14 gene expression may be regulated by MITF.^[3]

Further reading

• Parkkila S, Parkkila AK, Rajaniemi H . Expression of membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase XIV on neurons and axons in mouse and human brain. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 98 . 4 . 1918–23 . 2001 . 11172051 . 10.1073/pnas.98.4.1918 . 29357 . 2001PNAS...98.1918P . etal. free .
• Kaunisto K, Parkkila S, Rajaniemi H . Carbonic anhydrase XIV: luminal expression suggests key role in renal acidification. . Kidney Int. . 61 . 6 . 2111–8 . 2002 . 12028451 . 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00371.x . etal. free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Juel C, Lundby C, Sander M . Human skeletal muscle and erythrocyte proteins involved in acid-base homeostasis: adaptations to chronic hypoxia. . J. Physiol. . 548 . Pt 2 . 639–48 . 2003 . 12611920 . 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.035899 . 2342856 . etal.
• Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E . The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. . Genome Res. . 13 . 10 . 2265–70 . 2003 . 12975309 . 10.1101/gr.1293003 . 403697 . etal.
• Tarun AS, Bryant B, Zhai W . Gene expression for carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in human nasal mucosa. . Chem. Senses . 28 . 7 . 621–9 . 2004 . 14578124 . 10.1093/chemse/bjg054 . etal. free .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . etal. free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE . The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. . Nature . 441 . 7091 . 315–21 . 2006 . 16710414 . 10.1038/nature04727 . 2006Natur.441..315G . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Fujikawa-Adachi K, Nishimori I, Taguchi T, Onishi S . Human carbonic anhydrase XIV (CA14): cDNA cloning, mRNA expression, and mapping to chromosome 1 . Genomics . 61 . 1 . 74–81 . Nov 1999 . 10512682 . 10.1006/geno.1999.5938 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: CA14 carbonic anhydrase XIV.
3. Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM . Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy . Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. . 21 . 6 . 665–76 . 2008 . 19067971 . 10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x . etal. free .