Captured court explained

A captured court rubber-stamps the wishes of a political party or interest group rather than applying the law. It may be nominally independent, but judicial appointments, disciplinary measures for judges who rule against the government, or other control mechanisms are used to influence judicial rulings.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]}

See also

• State capture
• Regulatory capture

Further reading

• Book: Wojciech Sadurski

. Sadurski . Wojciech. Wojciech Sadurski . Poland's Constitutional Breakdown . 2019 . Oxford University Press . 978-0-19-884050-3 . en.

• Book: Whitehouse . Sheldon . Sheldon Whitehouse . Captured: The Corporate Infiltration of American Democracy . 2019 . The New Press . 978-1-62097-492-6 . en.

Notes and References

1. News: Hostile Takeover: How Law and Justice Captured Poland's Courts . 20 October 2020 . Freedom House . en.
2. News: As Poland's government punishes judges, corruption is rising . 20 October 2020 . The Economist.
3. Anderson . J. Jonas . Court Capture . Boston College Law Review . 2018 . 59 . 1543–.
4. Bárd . Petra . van Ballegooij . Wouter . Judicial independence as a precondition for mutual trust? The CJEU in Minister for Justice and Equality v. LM . New Journal of European Criminal Law . 2018 . 9 . 3 . 353–365 . 10.1177/2032284418801569. 158268524 .
5. Book: Koncewicz . Tomasz Tadeusz . Contiades . Xenophon . Fotiadou . Alkmene . Routledge Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Change . Routledge . 978-1-351-02096-1 . en . The democratic backsliding in the European Union and the challenge of constitutional design. 11 June 2020 .
6. Farewell to the Separation of Powers - On the Judicial Purge and the Capture in the Heart of Europe . Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional . 19 July 2017. 10.17176/20170719-141352 . Koncewicz . Tomasz .
7. Constitutional Capture in Poland 2016 and Beyond: What is Next? . Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional . 20 October 2020 . 19 December 2016. 10.17176/20161219-171200 . Koncewicz . Tomasz .
8. News: Rising to the challenge of constitutional capture . 20 October 2020 . www.eurozine.com.
9. Wang . Yuhua . Relative Capture: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From the Chinese Judiciary . Comparative Political Studies . 2018 . 51 . 8 . 1012–1041 . 10.1177/0010414017720708.
10. Spáč . Samuel . Šipulová . Katarína . Urbániková . Marína . Capturing the Judiciary from Inside: The Story of Judicial Self-Governance in Slovakia . German Law Journal . 2018 . 19 . 7 . 1741–1768 . 10.1017/S2071832200023221. free .
11. News: Chabalala . Jeanette . Mogoeng warns of capture of the judiciary: 'I have confidence in judges, but watch us carefully' . 20 October 2020 . News24 . en.
12. Web site: When Law Doesn't Rule: State Capture in Serbia . Open Society European Policy Institute, Transparency Serbia, and the Centre of Investigative Journalism of Serbia . 20 October 2020 . en.