| Conflict: | Capture of HMS St. Fermin |
| Partof: | American Revolutionary War |
| Date: | 4 April 1781 |
| Place: | Off Málaga, Mediterranean Sea |
| Coordinates: | 36.5059°N -4.2105°W |
| Result: | Spanish victory |
| Combatant1: |  Spain |
| Combatant2: | Great Britain |
| Commander1: | J. Herrera-Dávila |
| Commander2: | Jonathan Faulknor |
| Strength1: | 2 xebecs |
| Strength2: | 1 sloop-of-war |
| Casualties1: | None |
| Casualties2: | 138 prisoners 1 sloop-of-war captured |
The Capture of HMS St. Fermin was a naval engagement that took place off Málaga on 4 April 1781, during the American Revolutionary War. Spanish xebecs San Antonio and San Luis captured the sloop-of-war HMS St. Fermin.
At the end of December 1779, a large fleet sailed from Great Britain under the command of Admiral Sir George Brydges Rodney, being one of the purposes of this British fleet to resupply Gibraltar, a place that was under siege by Spanish and French forces. During the trip, Rodney intercepted a Spanish convoy of the Royal Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas at Cape Finisterre on 8 January 1780, capturing the entire convoy.[1]
Among the ships captured by Rodney's fleet was the 16-gun armed merchantman San Fermín, which he took to Gibraltar. The British subsequently commissioned San Fermín into the Royal Navy as the 16-gun sloop-of-war St. Fermin,[2] under the command of Commander Jonathan Faulknor. St. Fermin', under Faulknor's command, participated in a number of military actions during the siege of Gibraltar.
On the evening of 3 April 1781, St. Fermin departed from Gibraltar to Menorca bearing dispatches. At that time, the British maintained contact with the British garrison there, at least until 1782 when the Spaniards conquered the island, sending fast sailships to avoid the Spanish blockade.
St. Fermin managed to pass the waters of the Strait of Gibraltar without problems, but the Spaniards had several naval stations in the area from where they could detect and intercept British ships. From the naval station of Punta del Carnero, an enclave south of Algeciras, two square-rigged xebecs of the Spanish Navy sailed to chase the British ship. The xebecs were the 26-gun San Antonio under Captain José Herrera-Dávila and the 24-gun San Luis under Lieutenant Federico Gravina, manned by more than two hundred men. That night, Faulknor saw the two Spanish ships approaching and did everything possible to escape. At eleven o'clock at night the Spaniards lost sight of him, but half an hour later they spotted him again. At four o'clock in the morning, the Spaniards were within striking distance of St. Fermin, beginning the attack with their chase guns, responding to the British ship with their stern guns. Herrera-Davila's ship approached the British ship's port flap and fired several shots, which was enough for Faulknor to surrender. The two Spanish ships could have made a boarding attack if the fight had continued. The night action took place about off Málaga.
The British ship had a crew of 138 men, which were taken prisoner by Spanish forces led by Teniente Miguel Pedrueca. The Spanish took the captured ship to Cartagena. She was then assigned to the Spanish Navy as the 16-gun San Fermín, until she was laid up in 1785.