Canton (administrative division) explained

A canton is a type of administrative division of a country.^[1] In general, cantons are relatively small in terms of area and population when compared with other administrative divisions such as counties, departments, or provinces. Internationally, the most politically important cantons are the Swiss cantons. As the constituents of the Swiss Confederation, theoretically and historically, they are semi-sovereign states.^[2]

The term is derived from the French word canton, meaning "corner" or "district" (from which "cantonment" is also derived).^[3]

In specific countries

Cantons exist or previously existed in the following countries:

• Cantons of Belgium^[4]
• Cantonal Government of Bohol^[5]
• Cantons of Bolivia^[6]
• Cantons of Bosnia and Herzegovina

federal units of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina^[7]

• Canada: Canadian French equivalent for the English word "township", since the translation municipalité is already used for a different level of government (see township).
  • Cantons of Quebec^[8]
• Cantons of Costa Rica

national second order subdivision of the first order Provinces. Cantons are further subdivided into the third order Districts. Each canton has its own municipality, or local government.^[9]

• Cantons of Ecuador

subdivisions below the provinces of Ecuador.^[10]

• Cantons of El Salvador

divisions of a municipality outside the more urban caserios, which border the town or city. Cantones can be thought as the more rural parts of a city or town, generally far from the actual urban population.^[11]

• Cantons of France

a subdivision of arrondissements and départements, grouping several communes.^[12]

• Cantons of Lebanon

unofficial militias and factions during the Lebanese Civil War and afterwards. Most areas have been returned to Lebanese government control.^[13]

• Cantons of Luxembourg

first order administrative subdivisions

• Cantonal Government of Negros

short-lived provisional government in the Visayas during the Filipino-American Wars in the 19th–20th centuries Republic of Negros.

• Cantons of Rojava (Western Kurdistan, Syria)^[14]
• Cantons of Switzerland

each a semi-sovereign state within Switzerland.

• Cantons of Togo

Subdivisions of Togo's prefectures, and further divided into villages.^[15]

• subdivisions of vingtaines in Jersey^[16]
• subdivisions of the parishes of Guernsey^[17]

In former countries

• Cantons of Prussia

military enrollment districts between 1733 and 1813^[18]

• Cantons of Eastern Rumelia, the subdivisions below the departments.
• Cantons of the Soviet Union, subdivisions of several autonomous regions of the country before 1941.^[19]
• In the Republic of New Granada, cantons were subdivisions below the provinces.^[20]
• In 1873, "Cantonalists" took over the city of Cartagena, Spain, a haven for the Spanish Navy, and declared the city independent (see Cantonal Revolution).^[21]

Notes and References

1. Canton (division). Canton. 5. 221.
2. Web site: Bundesverfassung . 2021-06-13 . www.parlament.ch.
3. Oxford English Dictionary cantonment and canton, v.
4. Web site: LOI – WET . 2021-06-13 . www.ejustice.just.fgov.be.
5. Web site: Evolution of the Revolution Presidential Museum and Library. 2021-06-13. 2021-10-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20211015013138/http://malacanang.gov.ph/7824-evolution-of-the-revolution/. dead.
6. González . Sergio . 2010 . El cantón Bolivia o Central durante el ciclo de expansión del nitrato . Estudios Atacameños . 39 . 85–100 . 41550503 . 0716-0925.
7. Web site: 2013-01-15 . Sprema se ukidanje pet županija! . 2021-06-13 . archive.ph . 2013-01-15 . https://archive.today/20130115032212/http://www.dnevni-list.ba/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=26988:sprema-se-ukidanje-pet-upanija&catid=1:dogaaji&Itemid=2 . live .
8. Web site: Répertoires des cantons du Québec . 2021-06-13 . Ministère de l'Énergie et des Ressources naturelles . fr-FR.
9. Web site: Declara oficial para efectos administrativos, la aprobación de la División Territorial Administrativa de la República Nº 42838-MGP . Sistema Costarricense de Información Jurídica, Procuraduría General de la República de Costa Rica . 13 June 2021 . es . 28 January 2021.
10. Web site: de 221 cantones de la patria en 198 vence la revolucion ciudadana . dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20170815082348/https://www.presidencia.gob.ec/de-221-cantones-de-la-patria-en-198-vence-la-revolucion-ciudadana/. 15 August 2017. 13 June 2021 . presidencia.gob.ec.
11. News: Gaceta Oficial . San Salvador . 13 June 2021.
12. Brunet . Roger . 2015 . Nouveaux cantons en France: jeux de noms . Espace géographique . 44 . 1 . 73 . 10.3917/eg.441.0073 . 0046-2497. free .
13. News: Viorst . Milton . 1983-10-02 . A Solution: The 4 Nations of Lebanon . Washington Post . 2021-06-13 . 0190-8286.
14. Book: Allsopp, Harriet . The Kurds of Northern Syria : governance, diversity and conflicts . 2019 . Wladimir van Wilgenburg . 978-1-78831-483-1 . London . 1066193784.
15. Web site: October 2019 . Annuaire Statistique du Togo (2010–2013) . live. 2021-08-06 . FR. https://web.archive.org/web/20210526205828/https://inseed.tg/download/1700/ . 2021-05-26 .
16. Book: Balleine, G. R. . Balleine's history of Jersey . 1998 . Phillimore . Marguerite Syvret . Joan Stevens . 1-86077-065-7 . Rev. and enlarged . Chichester . 963688358.
17. Web site: Cantons St. Peter Port Parish. 2021-06-13. www.stpeterport.gg.
18. Book: Guddat, Martin . Handbuch zur preußischen Militärgeschichte 1688–1786 . 2011 . 978-3-8132-0925-9 . 2nd revised . Hamburg . 742574946.
19. Tso-Liang . Hsiao . 1967 . Chinese Communism and the Canton Soviet of 1927 . The China Quarterly . 30 . 30 . 49–78 . 10.1017/S0305741000029192 . 651862 . 153378793 . 0305-7410.
20. Web site: Constitución de la República de Nueva Granada de 1843 . 2021-06-13 . Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes . es.
21. Web site: Le Bon – Psychologie: Die Wählermassen . 2021-06-13 . www.textlog.de.