Canowindra Explained

Type:town
Canowindra
State:nsw
Lga:Cabonne Shire
Postcode:2804
Est:1847
Pop:2,832
Pop Footnotes:[1]
Elevation:300
Coordinates:-33.5667°N 148.6667°W
Maxtemp:24.7
Mintemp:8.1
Rainfall:602
Stategov:Orange
Fedgov:Calare
Dist1:317
Dir1:W
Location1:Sydney
Dist2:59
Dir2:SW
Location2:Orange
Dist3:32
Dir3:N
Location3:Cowra

Situated on the Belubula River, Canowindra (pronounced [2]) is a historic township and the largest population centre in Cabonne Shire. The town is located between Orange and Cowra in the central west of New South Wales, Australia. The curving main street, Gaskill Street, is partly an urban conservation area.

Toponymy

The name of the town is derived from an Aboriginal language (Wiradjuri) word meaning 'a home' or 'camping place'.[3]

History

Prior to the arrival of Europeans to Australia, the area now known as Canowindra was occupied for tens of thousands of years by a people known as the Wiradjuri.[4] These "people of the three rivers" were hunters and gatherers who exploited the resources available in the rivers and the lands, particularly the river flats.[5]

European Settlement

The first land grant of 640 acres to a European in the area was to James Collits by Governor Ralph Darling in 1829 as a reward for "pointing out a line of road from Mt. York to Bathurst". Subsequently, Collits' father, Pierce, was granted land adjacent to the original grant.[6] There is some evidence that James (or the succeeding owner, Thomas Icely) named the property "Canoundra". Collits owned other significant tracts of land in the area, together with a store and the first hotel. A settlement slowly grew, and as early as 1844 the village (now referred to as "Canowindra") was the site of a government pound.[3]

A post office opened at Canowindra in 1847 with mail coming from Carcoar, but the village was handicapped as part of a main route to the lower Lachlan, first by the lack of a bridge and later by the construction of the railway to Orange. The first bridge across the Belubula River at Canowindra was opened on 28 July 1875.[7] It was replaced by the Waddell Bridge in May 1901,[8] and by the current John Grant Bridge in 1997.

Gold has been mined at Canowindra; the Blue Jacket, Grant's Reef, Blue Maxwell, and Gospel Oak Mines, were located near the town.[9]

Bushrangers

Bushrangers made four significant incursions at Canowindra within the space of a year, the first of which occurred in September 1863. Late on Saturday morning, 26 September 1863, the bushrangers John Gilbert and Ben Hall, with three other gang members (John O'Meally, Michael Burke and John Vane), arrived at Albert Rothery's 'Clifden' station at Limestone Creek, south-west of Carcoar, where they bailed up the occupants and "partook of dinner – regaling themselves with champagne and brandy".[10] [11] [12] From Rothery's the bushrangers proceeded to Canowindra (after having informed Rothery of their intended destination), arriving at the township at six o'clock in the afternoon. They firstly detained Constable Sykes, the only policeman stationed at Canowindra, and took him to Robinson's public-house. O'Meally and Burke remained at the inn while Hall, Gilbert and Vane "went on a foraging expedition" to the two stores in the township, belonging to Pierce and Hilliar, taking a quantity of men's clothing and three pounds in cash. They then adjourned to Robinson's house and ordered tea. The publican and his wife had departed for Bathurst, leaving Robinson's sister and "the two Miss Flanagan's in charge of the house". After they had eaten "Gilbert very politely requested one of the young ladies to play him a tune on the piano". Later in the evening a dance was proposed, which "continued till daylight the next morning". A number of the town's residents had also been brought to the public-house and it was reported that "the night's amusement" was "spoken of as one of the jolliest affairs that has ever taken place in that small town".[10] In the morning Hall, Vane and Burke rode to 'Bangaroo' station in search of horses, but finding none, returned to Canowindra where Gilbert informed them that troopers were camped on the opposite side of the Belubula River, now in full flood, waiting for the waters to subside. With the exception of Burke, the bushrangers crossed the flooded stream and camped on a hill overlooking the town. Burke crossed the next morning after the waters had dropped, after which the gang rode into "very rough country" to evade the police.

On Monday morning, 12 October 1863, John Gilbert, Ben Hall and John O'Meally returned to Canowindra and "held it against all comers" for three days and nights, "their proceedings being characterised by a cool audacity, which has hitherto been unequalled". The bushrangers stuck up the stores and public-houses in the township and established a base at William Robinson's public-house. Gang-members guarded the approaches to the town, and anybody who made an appearance was taken into custody and brought to the hotel. Their captives were told they must remain at the hotel, but they "might call for whatever [''they''] liked at the bushrangers' expense". On learning of the bushrangers' incursion, the local policeman, Constable Sykes, had started for Eugowra (being unable to cross the rising Belubula River to go to Cowra). However he was met on the road by the bushrangers and turned back. The outlaws confiscated his firearms and handcuffs and took him to Robinson's public-house, telling him "to go in and enjoy himself till he received further orders". Each dray and their horse- or bullock-teams that arrived during the three days were stopped; eventually numbering about twelve to fourteen, the teamsters were "lodged, fed and supplied with drink, free of expense" and no attempt was made by the bushrangers to interfere with their loads. At one stage Gilbert purchased a bundle of cigars and threw them on one of the tables in the hotel for anyone who cared to smoke them. A "pile of sweetmeats" was also provided for the enjoyment of all.[13] [14] It was believed that the bushrangers were expecting a gold escort to arrive at the township (which never arrived).[15] Mid-morning on the Tuesday three landholders and businessmen from the Forbes district, Hibberson, Twaddell and Kirkpatrick, drove up to the hotel, where Ben Hall informed them they were to be detained. As they got down from their vehicle John O'Meally saw that Kirkpatrick was carrying a revolver, and held his own weapon at Kirkpatrick's head, "compelled him to give it up". "A first-class dinner was ordered" for the three squatters, "and the cost of this as well as everything else called for was defrayed by the gang". By the third day there were about forty people detained at the hotel. During the occupation the bushrangers only drank bottled ale and porter, insisting that the corks be drawn in their presence. The outlaws engaged in a variety of amusements, of which target shooting was a favourite. For those who resided in the neighbourhood wishing to visit their homes, a leave of absence was granted providing it did not exceed an hour. The bushrangers departed on the afternoon of the third day. That evening the bushrangers stuck up Thomas Grant's station on the Belubula River and burned it down as vengeance on the owner who had, on a previous occasion, given information to the police about their likely whereabouts.[13]

In the early hours of Wednesday morning, 4 November 1863, Gilbert, Hall and O'Meally went to Robinson's public-house in Canowindra and knocked on the door. Upon opening, the publican William Robinson "was confronted by Ben Hall, holding two revolvers levelled at him". Hall asked if there were any police in the house and then the three bushrangers "entered the bar and drank nobblers". They stopped for about a quarter of an hour. When they left they took two bottles of port-wine and two of Old Tom gin, for which they offered to pay with a £5 note (but Robinson was unable to provide change for that amount).[16]

On Tuesday, 21 June 1864, Ben Hall and two companions entered Pierce's store at Canowindra "without attracting notice". Finding the proprietor, John Pierce, alone they bailed him up and robbed him of about ten pounds in cash as well as goods from the store. In the belief he had further money hidden away the bushrangers burnt portions of the account books, but to no avail. They then took him six miles into the bush and tied him to a tree, threatening him with death and urging that he must procure £300 from his brother in Carcoar. Pierce was eventually freed when he was able to convince Hall and his men that no money could be obtained.[17] [18]

Built environment

Modern Canowindra

Demographics

Since early days of European settlement the population of the town has grown steadily.

Year Population Notes
1866 120
1871 200–250
1890 400 within one mile not counting Belmore 154 (Mr Dry, Railway Inquiry 1890)
1901 416 Year of Federation
1911 1,535 Year after railway service opened
1933 1,716 Great Depression
1947 2,271 Post World War II
1951 1,747 Both mills had closed in 1950s
1954 1,915 Census[27]
1961 1,749 Census
1966 1,717
1971 1,679 Finns Store closed 1970
2001 2,340 Census data – Postal Area POA2804
2006 2,626 Census data – Postal Area POA2804
2011 2,381 Census

The State Suburb (SSC) of Canowindra (SSC 10796) completely encompasses Moorbel (SSC 12709), Nyrang Creek (SSC 13059) and nearly all of Billimari (SSC 10354). The combined population of these SSCs in 2016 was 2,673. For the 2021 census the ABS released the population data based on the 2804 Postal Area and the total population had increased to 2,832. Census data for the "Urban Centre and Locality"[28] which excludes Moorbel shows that between 2001 and 2016 the numbers have reduced from 1516 to 1395. However, the figures for wider area "State Suburb (SSC)"[29] show a modest increase in the count from 2,126 in 2006 to 2258 in 2016.[30]

In the Canowindra SSC, 88.2% of people were born in Australia and 91.5% of people only spoke English at home. The most common responses for religion were Catholic 29.7%, Anglican 26.6%, No Religion 16.5% and Uniting Church 8.9%.[1]

Suburbs

There are two residential areas associated with the town: South Canowindra and Moorbel.

The "Village of South Canowindra" is a rural place located south of the Bellubula River.[31]

Moorbel is a locality about 3 km E by N of Canowindra and 4 km SW by W of South Canowindra. In February 1917, residents of Belmore petitioned the postal inspector at Parkes for a postal receiving station. Because a place named Belmore existed in Sydney, the residents submitted other names, with Moorbel finally being approved by the Department of Lands in July 1917.[32] A local market is held at Moorbel Hall each month.

Canowindra Soldiers Memorial Hospital

Located in Browns Avenue, the hospital was built as a memorial for the men of the district who served in World War I.[33] The foundation stone was laid in 1921 and the Soldier's Memorial Hospital opened, on Peace Day 28 June 1922.[34] Part of the Western NSW Local Health District,[35] the hospital has a limited number of acute and nursing home beds. The hospital also serves as a centre for various health services including rehabilitation and emergency. The emergency department was redeveloped in 2017.[36]

Education

The town has three schools: a state co-educational Years 7–12 high school, Canowindra High School, a state K–6 primary school, Canowindra Public School and St Edwards Primary School, a Roman Catholic systemic K–6 primary school.[37]

Early childhood education is provided by the Canowindra Pre-school Kindergarten Inc. (a registered association that commenced operations in 1958[38]) and registered home based educators managed by Cabonne/Blayney Family Day Care Service.[39]

Service, Social and Community

There is an active Lions Club. The branch of the Country Women's Association (CWA) which meets in its own hall with modern catering facilities was founded in 1924.[40]

A community garden which is open to all residents and visitors is managed by a local committee.[41]

The Canowindra Services & Citizens Club Ltd is a registered club providing a wide range of facilities for members and the community including a bistro and a community hall which can be hired by the public.

The Canowindra Garden Club organises talks and visits to gardens throughout the region raising money for charity. The club donated $6,000 to the Canowindra Soldiers Memorial Hospital in 2018.[42]

The Canowindra Historical Society operates the Canowindra Historical Museum which is located in the town's main street next the Age of Fishes Museum. On display are a shepherd's hut circa 1828, Harold Boyd's complete dental surgery, a wedding gown collection from 1881 to 1982, a reconstructed wool shed, wheat harvesters collection from 1843, photo collection and the Pioneers Wall.[43]

Canowindra Pastoral Agricultural and Horticultural Association manages the town's showgrounds and organises the annual show which has been held since 1900.[44]

The Miracle House

When the special support needs of a local family with triplets diagnosed with a congenital form of muscular dystrophy and restrictive lung disease were identified in 2013, residents of the town and the wider central western NSW region started fundraising with the aim, inter alia, of building a house with appropriate design features for the use of the family as well as providing ongoing support.[45] A charity was registered in 2016[46] Since then cash donations and in kind have been raised with the family moving into their new house in March 2018.[47] In 2021 following further fund raising a hydrotherapy pool was installed at the house.

Culture

Organised by the Canowindra Fine Music Group,[48] The Baroque Music Festival is an annual presentation of baroque and related music performances at various venues around the town.[49]

The town's branch of the CWA presents a "Sunday Serenade" at All Saints Church annually which showcases local performance talent. Monies raised are used to fund music and voice scholarships for local school children.

Sport and recreation

A number of sports clubs provide facilities and organised competitions. Such sports include Rugby league (men and women's playing as Canowindra Tigers), Rugby union (Canowindra Pythons), Cricket (Canowindra Sixers), Tennis, Lawn Bowls, Squash, Golf and Swimming. For younger age groups there is a pony club which meets fortnightly at the showground and a Little Athletics centre which participates in the Central Tablelands zone.[50]

The town has a council maintained sports oval with floodlighting, Tom Clyburn Oval. At the oval there are well maintained fitness stations, basketball courts and skateboarding facilities.

A nine-hole golf course is supported by a registered club.

Cabonne Council owns and operates the swimming pool which is open from late Spring to mid Autumn.[51]

RV Friendly Town

Since 2016 Canowindra has been recognised by the Campervan and Motorhome Club of Australia (CMCA) as an RV Friendly Town. Facilities for caravaners and campers include low cost camp sites, easy access to the retail area, access to water and a free user friendly waste dump point.[52]

Media

Radio stationsRadio stations with transmissions able to be received in Canowindra include-

AM Band:

FM Band:

TelevisionCanowindra receives five free-to-air television networks and their affiliates which are broadcast from nearby Mt Canobolas:

Subscription television service Foxtel is available in Canowindra and the surrounding area via satellite transmission.

InternetNBN FTTN internet service is available to most of the built up area of the town via a number of reseller ISPs.

Wineries

Canowindra is considered to be part of the Cowra wine region[53] which is a sub-area of the Central Ranges wine zone. There are eight wineries centred on the town, some of which offer cellar door sales.

Other

The Royal Hotel is on the site of another inn owned by Robinson and the plaque on the wall indicates present day understanding that this was the inn where Ben Hall's bushranging gang had their spree.

Other notable buildings include the nursing home, the Junction Hotel, Finn's Building, the Victoria Hotel, the former Bank of NSW and the former CBC Bank. The Trading Post, a homewares shop, won the inland tourism award for 2006.[54]

Ballooning

Canowindra is also popularly known as the Ballooning Capital of Australia.[55] [56] In April 1988, an endorsed bicentennial activity the "Canowindra 88 Bicentennial Balloon Championships" was held in the town.[57] The 1988 event was also the Australian National Championship under the auspices of the Australian Ballooning Federation. The champion in 1988 was John Wallington. Subsequently, the 2011, 2013 and 2014 championships were also held in Canowindra.[58]

From 1995[59] to 2005, an event known as Marti's Balloon Fiesta[60] was held in Canowindra. Funded in large part by Frank Hackett-Jones, it was primarily a fun event designed to bring together balloonists and spectators from local, national and international locations in a celebration of Central West hospitality and goodwill.[61]

The Canowindra International Balloon Challenge is the largest ballooning event in Australia and takes place in Canowindra in April. In 2010, the Challenge created a local balloon event that has grown to where it now attracts pilots and balloons from around the globe to build upon the principles of Marti's Fiesta, bringing businesses together to support a week-long event of ballooning competitions and skill-based activities. The use of location-enabled (GPS), point-of-view camera technologies was combined with live-to-web broadcasts via an online streaming platform for viewers to share in the spectacle and to join in the event virtually and for free.

A balloon glow is held as part of the event along with a local food and wine market based on the 100-mile principle where the products must be made or produced within of Canowindra.The last Sunday of the event also features a 'key grab', where pilots test their skill in an attempt to grab a large key from the top of a pole.

This event coincides with food and wine events which brings participation from the greater Cabonne and surrounding districts during April each year.Canowindra also hosted the Australian National Balloon Championships in 2011, 2013 (awarded silver at the NSW State Tourism Awards in the Festivals and Events category[62]) and 2014, creating a larger, more competitive event. In 2014, the event went fully international with pilots from Japan, the United States of America, Russia, Brazil and the United Kingdom competing.

In 2020, the Balloon Challenge was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[63] The 2021 event was held as scheduled on 26 April to 1 May.[64] [65]

Fossils

See also: Mandagery Sandstone.

Canowindra is the site of one of the world's great fossil discoveries from the late Devonian period. A chance discovery by a road worker in 1956 uncovered a sandstone slab packed with 114 fish fossils. This slab was from the Mandagery Sandstone, dating from the Devonian period in the Paleozoic era, more than 360-million-year-old. The "Canowindra slab" was initially removed to the Australian Museum, Sydney. The fish had been buried when trapped in a pool of water that dried up, stranding a school of armoured antiarch placoderms in the species Remigolepis walkeri and Bothriolepis yeungae.[66] Other important fossils include Canowindra grossi (a lobe-finned crossopterygian fish, the largest fish in the slab), two rare juvenile arthrodire placoderms and two small and inconspicuous juveniles of the Groenlandaspis genus.[67]

No further fossils had been recovered until January 1993, when a trial dig under the supervision of paleontologist, Dr Alex Ritchie on the site using an excavator rediscovered the fossil stratum, where the mass mortality of fishes was preserved in detail (see Lagerstätte). Specimens can be viewed in the specially established The Age of Fishes Museum, with scientific support and funding from the Australian Museum. The Canowindra site has now been listed as part of Australia's National Heritage because of its international scientific importance.[68] [69] [70]

Work commenced in 1999 to build the Age of Fishes Museum at Canowindra, designed by the Australian architect, John Andrews. The 1956 slab, previously housed in Sydney, was returned in 2006 to be permanently displayed in the Canowindra museum. In 2019 the fossil bearing rock slabs that were previously stored under the grandstand at the Canowindra Showgrounds were transported to a purpose-built storage facility next to the Age of Fishes Museum.[71] [72]

In 2013 the naturalist and wildlife broadcaster Sir David Attenborough visited the Age of Fishes Museum and described the collection of fossils as "world class".[73] [71]

State Emblem

The official NSW State Fossil Emblem is Mandageria fairfaxi. The 370 million year old fossil fish from the Canowindra Fish Bed was named as the NSW State Fossil Emblem in 2015.[74]

Notable Canowindrans

In popular culture

External links

Notes and References

  1. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License .
  2. Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition (2005). Melbourne, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd.
  3. Web site: ANPS - Working on Canowindra . 15 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180309224619/http://anps.org.au/Canowindra.html . 9 March 2018 . dead .
  4. Book: Read. Peter. Home » ANU Research » Theses » Open Access Theses » A history of the Wiradjuri people of New South Wales 1883-1969. 1983. 10.25911/5d7784b0e7849. 14 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20200212045210/https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/109803. 12 February 2020. live.
  5. Web site: South Western Slopes - regional history . 27 February 2011 . 14 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140818022607/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/bioregions/SouthWesternSlopes-RegionalHistory.htm . 18 August 2014 . dead.
  6. Web site: Gai Muchamore . James Collits . 18 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180311155808/http://muchamore.id.au/James_Collits.html . 11 March 2018 . live .
  7. News: CANOWINDRA. . . NSW . 21 August 1875 . 12 July 2013 . 10 . Trove.
  8. News: COUNTRY NEWS. . . 16 May 1901 . 18 February 2024 . 5 . Trove.
  9. Web site: Gold from The Blue Jacket Mine (Belmore Mine), Canowindra, Ashburnham Co., New South Wales, Australia. 2020-09-20. www.mindat.org.
  10. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/60549398 Bushranging
  11. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/13090959 The Bushrangers in the Western Districts
  12. Book: White . Charles. Vane . John . 1908 . John Vane, Bushranger . Sydney . Bookstall Co..
  13. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/13092697/1477800 Canowindra Held by the Bushrangers for Three Days
  14. Letter from William Robinson to Frederick Pottinger, dated Wednesday, 14 October 1863; published in: Parliamentary Paper, Empire (Sydney), 11 April 1864, page 2.
  15. Memo written by Frederick Pottinger, dated Wednesday, 14 October 1863; published in: Parliamentary Paper, Empire (Sydney), 11 April 1864, page 2;
  16. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/111167781 The Bushrangers at Canowindra
  17. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/60557011 The Bushrangers Again at Canowindra
  18. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/88005166 "The Old Man"
  19. Web site: Search for NSW heritage NSW Environment & Heritage . 16 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130209185855/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/heritagesearch.aspx . 9 February 2013 . live .
  20. Web site: 25 Jan 1913 - Site for Bridge over Belubula River. - Trove . Cowra Free Press . 25 January 1913 . 4 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180504090835/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/99613537/10522553 . 4 May 2018 . live .
  21. Web site: Canowindra Footbridge, then and Now . 15 December 2009 . 4 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180504091037/https://www.canowindranews.com.au/story/1119595/canowindra-footbridge-then-and-now/ . 4 May 2018 . live .
  22. Web site: Archived copy . 17 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180917105236/https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/bitstream/handle/11343/38261/300554_MOORE%20vol.%201.pdf . 17 September 2018 . live .
  23. Web site: Former media baron and rich lister Charles Curran selling horse stud . 9 March 2018 . 6 October 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181006194714/https://www.afr.com/real-estate/commercial/sales/former-media-baron-and-rich-lister-charles-curran-selling-horse-stud-20180309-h0xa1d . 6 October 2018 . live .
  24. Web site: Private garden open for Spring Garden Event hospital fundraiser . 5 September 2018 . 6 October 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181006154946/https://www.centralwesterndaily.com.au/story/5627928/private-garden-open-for-spring-garden-event-hospital-fundraiser/ . 6 October 2018 . live .
  25. Web site: Graham visits Noojee Lea gardens Better Homes and Gardens. 23 April 2021 .
  26. News: Curtis . Jane . The Big Root and 10 more obscure Australian Big Things . ABC News . 21 February 2018 . 14 December 2021.
  27. News: Whalan . Kevin . The Canowindra Star . Kevin Whalan . October 26, 1961.
  28. Web site: Chapter - Urban Centre and Locality (UCL) . 16 October 2012 . 24 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180524222133/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/05773C1D8C9F2022CA257A98001399F7?opendocument . 24 May 2018 . live .
  29. Web site: 1270.0.55.003 - Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS): Volume 3 - non ABS Structures, July 2016 . 24 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180524222130/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1270.0.55.003~July%202016~Main%20Features~State%20Suburbs%20(SSC)~9 . 24 May 2018 . live .
  30. Web site: Census . 24 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170802225548/http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3310114.nsf/Home/Census . 2 August 2017 . live .
  31. Web site: Extract - Geographical Names Board of NSW . 16 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180516174714/http://www.gnb.nsw.gov.au/place_naming/placename_search/extract?id=KWckoeWAKW . 16 May 2018 . live .
  32. Web site: Extract - Geographical Names Board of NSW . 5 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180305202732/http://www.gnb.nsw.gov.au/place_naming/placename_search/extract?id=anwGvqrXGH . 5 March 2018 . live .
  33. Web site: Canowindra Soldiers Memorial Hospital Monument Australia . 24 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180524222006/https://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/conflict/ww1/display/95910-canowindra-soldiers-memorial-hospital . 24 May 2018 . live .
  34. Web site: Another milestone for the Soldier's Memorial Hospital . 29 June 2004 . 24 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180524221730/https://www.canowindranews.com.au/story/1115306/another-milestone-for-the-soldiers-memorial-hospital/ . 24 May 2018 . live .
  35. Web site: WNSWLHD Find Your Health Service . 9 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180709072158/https://wnswlhd.health.nsw.gov.au/for-patients/im-going-to-hospital/find-my-nearest-hospital . 9 July 2018 . live .
  36. Web site: Million Dollar Canowindra Hospital Emergency Department Redevelopment Now Open . 17 January 2018 . 24 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180524151532/https://www.canowindraphoenix.com.au/million-dollar-canowindra-hospital-emergency-department-redevelopment-now-open/ . 24 May 2018 . live .
  37. Web site: Home - My School. www.MySchool.edu.au. 9 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053416/https://myschool.edu.au/. 24 February 2018. live.
  38. Web site: Dazzling Diamond Jubilee a Huge Success . 23 May 2018 . 25 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180525133540/https://www.canowindraphoenix.com.au/dazzling-diamond-jubilee-a-huge-success/ . 25 May 2018 . live .
  39. Web site: Family Day Care. Anonymous. 22 June 2015. www.Cabonne.nsw.gov.au. 9 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20171215214106/https://www.cabonne.nsw.gov.au/community-services/family-day-care. 15 December 2017. dead.
  40. Web site: CWA Canowindra – Welcome to the Canowindra Branch of the Country Women's Association of NSW . 27 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180327123134/http://www.canowindracwa.org/ . 27 March 2018 . live .
  41. Web site: Canowindra Community Garden . National Heart Foundation of Australia . 27 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180327084427/http://www.healthyactivebydesign.com.au/case-studies/canowindra-community-garden/ . 27 March 2018 . live .
  42. Web site: Garden Club Helps to Deliver New Patient Lounge . The Canowindra Phoenix . 18 February 2024 . en-AU . 18 April 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180424135640/https://www.canowindraphoenix.com.au/garden-club-helps-to-deliver-new-patient-lounge/ . 24 April 2018 . live.
  43. Web site: Canowindra Historical Museum . mgnsw.org.au . . 18 February 2024 . en-AU . 12 June 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20180331173730/https://mgnsw.org.au/organisations/canowindra-museum/ . 31 March 2018 . live.
  44. Book: Bassett . Nita . Coady . Min . The Shop Window of Canowindra - 1900-2001: Showcasing Our Town and District for Over 100 Years . 0957923104 . trove.nla.gov.au . Canowindra Pastoral, Agricultural and Horticultural Association, Inc. . 18 February 2024 . 2001. https://web.archive.org/web/20180423033222/https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/33818279?selectedversion=NBD22866484 . 23 April 2018 . live .
  45. News: Modern barn-raising: friends and strangers help build 'Miracle' hemp house for country family in need. ABC News. 8 May 2017.
  46. https://www.acnc.gov.au/charity/charities/31fa4b6d-3aaf-e811-a963-000d3ad244fd/profile ACNC Charity
  47. News: Canowindra community spirit built on donations for 'Miracle House' . ABC News . 4 January 2018 . 1 April 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180317190946/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-01-04/canowindra-back-roads-big-heart-miracle-house-disability-charity/9180886 . 17 March 2018 . live .
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  50. Web site: Canowindra Little Athletics Centre / Cabonne Council . 31 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180331173520/https://www.dosomethingnearyou.com.au/2804/organisation/canowindra-little-athletics-centre-5990538780082176 . 31 March 2018 . dead .
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  53. Web site: Cowra – NSW Wine Industry Association . 6 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612182652/https://www.nswwine.com.au/cowra/ . 12 June 2018 . live .
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  58. Web site: History . www.abf.net.au . . 18 February 2024 . 2024.
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  66. Other Remigolepis species have been discovered in Devonian rocks in China, Greenland and Russia.
  67. Geochronology and provenance of the Late Devonian Canowindra fish bed, Lachlan Orogen . Macquarie University . 2022-03-28 . thesis . 10.25949/19432913.v1 . en . Lou-Andrea . Gennatas.
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  71. https://www.agefishes.com/ Timeline
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  83. Web site: Strack-Zimmermann . Benjamin . Rhyan Grant (Player) . www.national-football-teams.com . 18 February 2024 . en . 17 February 2024.
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  85. Web site: Our Gal – Alicia Smith . 18 February 2024 . The Canowindra Phoenix . 8 April 2020 . en-AU.
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  89. https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/a-town-like-canowindra/news-story/d8f1dcaa5f69e36988b316dcf0951b1b?sv=eaacb580e2a8ee34497a62a5a06e2f50 A town like Canowindra
  90. Book: Grant . Jane . Kylie Tennant: A Life . 2005 . National Library of Australia . Canberra . 064227617X . 26 . Tennant always claimed that... Triburon was an amalgam of Canowindra.....
  91. Book: http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/tennant-kathleen-kylie-15669 . Australian Dictionary of Biography . Tennant, Kathleen (Kylie) (1912–1988) . National Centre of Biography, Australian National University . 19 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024831/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/tennant-kathleen-kylie-15669 . 20 June 2018 . live .
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  95. Web site: ABC OPEN: Canowindra's Holden car collector Charlie McCarron -- From Project: My Back Roads. open.ABC.net.au. 9 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180514035939/https://open.abc.net.au/explore/152629. 14 May 2018. live.
  96. https://www.australiaforvisitors.com/canowindra-motors-holden-museum.html Canowindra Motors Holden Museum
  97. Heather Ewart . Canowindra, NSW . . TV episode . 3 . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . 18 February 2024 . 8 Jan 2018 . registration.
  98. Web site: Nine's A Current Affair coverage of McLachlan allegations outrates ABC's 7:30 investigation. 9 January 2018. Mumbrella.com.au. 9 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180109235618/https://mumbrella.com.au/nines-current-affair-coverage-mclachlan-allegations-outrates-abcs-730-investigation-492603. 9 January 2018. live.
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  101. Web site: Glow Caps Off Amazing Week of Ballooning in Canowindra . Central Western Daily . 30 April 2018 . 1 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180502064959/https://www.centralwesterndaily.com.au/story/5372307/glow-caps-off-amazing-week-of-ballooning-in-canowindra-photos-videos/ . 2 May 2018 . live .
  102. News: Watson . Angus . Devitt . Paul . Millions of mice are swarming Australian towns. Now there's a plan to end the plague with poison . 18 February 2024 . Cable News Network (CNN) . 21 May 2021 . en.
  103. 2023-12-02 . Robyn Williams . Sir Clarence Lovejoy . 2024-02-08 . ABC listen . en-AU.

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