| Canon de 105 mle 1913 | |
| Origin: | France |
| Type: | Field gun |
| Is Artillery: | yes |
| Designer: | Schneider |
| Manufacturer: | Schneider |
| Number: | ~France: 1,600 carriages ~2,000 barrels[1] Italy: 956[2] |
| Weight: | Combat: 2,300 kg (5,071 lb) Travel: 2,650 kg (5,843 lb) |
| Part Length: | 2.987abbr=onNaNabbr=on L/28.4[3] |
| Cartridge: | 105 x 390mm R |
| Cartridge Weight: | 15.7kg (34.6lb)[4] |
| Caliber: | 105 mm (4.134 in) |
| Velocity: | 550 m/s (1,805 ft/s) |
| Max Range: | 12 km (7.45 mi) |
| Breech: | interrupted screw |
| Carriage: | fixed trail |
| Elevation: | -5° to 37° |
| Traverse: | 6° |
The Canon de 105 mle 1913 Schneider was a French artillery piece used in World War I and World War II by many European countries.
In the early 1900s, the French company Schneider began a collaboration with the Russian company Putilov. For this collaboration, it had developed a gun using the Russian 107 mm round, which was ordered by the Russian Army to be produced in Russia (though the initial batch of guns was made in France). Schneider then decided to modify the design for the French 105 mm (4.134 inches) round and offer it to France as well. Initially, the French army was not interested in this weapon as they already had plenty of 75 mm field guns. However, in 1913, the French army purchased a small number under the designation Canon de 105 mle 1913 Schneider; it was also known by the service designation L 13 S.[5]
The lighter 75 mm guns were of limited use against trenches; so, once the western front in World War I had settled down to trench warfare, the French army ordered large numbers of the L 13 S, which, with its larger 15.74 kg (34.7 lb) shell, was more effective against fortified positions and had a range of 12000m (39,000feet).
After the end of World War I, France sold or gave many Schneider 105 mm guns to various other countries, including Belgium, Italy, Poland, and Yugoslavia. In Italy, the 105 mm was re-designated the Cannone da 105/27 mod. 13 and saw service until 1943.[5] Guns were also produced under license in Italy, starting from September 1914, by Ansaldo.[6] Poland also used new model of Schneider's gun with a longer barrel and split trail, called the wz. 29, which was in fact a completely different weapon; both were in service at the beginning of WW II in 1939. In 1939 Poland had 118 of wz. 13 guns and 124 of wz. 29 guns, used in Heavy Artillery Detachments.[7]
Estonia used 3 1913 Schneiders on 3 railway artillery platforms in the Estonian Armored Train Regiment from 1934-1941.[8] The Estonian artillery pieces would later be captured and used by the USSR in the Second World War after the USSR invaded and occupied the Baltic States in 1940.[9]
The German conquests of Poland, Belgium, France, and Yugoslavia during World War II gave them large numbers of captured 105 mm Schneider guns. 854 L 13 S's were in service in France and a large number were captured. Many of these were installed in the Atlantic Wall system of coastal defenses.[5]
Finland was able to buy 12 of these guns from France during the Winter War; they also rebarreled six Russian 107mm Schnieders (four 1910 and two 1913 models) to 105mm. In addition, they were able to purchase 54 captured Polish Armata 105 mm wz. 29 Schneider guns from Germany.[10]
Because the gun was used by many countries, it had many official designations.[5]