| Official Name: | Candelaria |
| Settlement Type: | Municipality |
| Pushpin Map: | Spain Tenerife#Canary Islands#Spain with Canary Islands |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Tenerife |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Autonomous Community |
| Subdivision Type2: | Province |
| Subdivision Name2: | Santa Cruz de Tenerife |
| Subdivision Type3: | Island |
| Subdivision Name3: | Tenerife |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | José Gumersindo García Trujillo (PSOE) |
| Area Total Km2: | 49.18 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone1: | WET |
| Utc Offset1: | ±0 |
| Timezone1 Dst: | WEST |
| Utc Offset1 Dst: | +1 |
| Coordinates: | 28.3547°N -16.3711°W |
| Postal Code Type: | Post Code |
| Postal Code: | 38530 |
| Blank Name: | Climate |
| Blank Info: | BSh |
Candelaria, also Villa Mariana de Candelaria, is a municipality and city in the eastern part of the island of Tenerife in the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, in the Canary Islands, Spain. The city is located on the coast, 17 km southwest of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. The population is 25,140 (2010[1]), and the area is 49.18 km².
The town is noted by Catholicsin in Spain and Latin America as a place of veneration of the Virgin of Candelaria, the patron of the Canary Islands. The most prominent building is the Basilica of Candelaria, which holds the sculpture of the Virgin Mary and murals. Also highlighted on the square are statues of the nine aboriginal kings of Tenerife.
In the times of the historic Guanche, the region was part of the menceyato, or kingdom, of Güímar. A sacred cave is situated near Candelaria that is believed to have been a place of indigenous worship for more than 3,000 years.
Since 1995 the Festival de la Canción de Candelaria has become one of the most important festivities on the island. It celebrated its 10th anniversary in 2005.
In pre-Hispanic epochs, this zone pertained to Güímar's aboriginal Menceyato. It was accepted that the aboriginal name of the zone was simply "Güímar" as the whole menceyato.
After the conquest, the Spanish renamed the zone as "Candelaria", in honor of their virgin patron saint of the archipelago, the Virgin of Candelaria.
The town of Candelaria is surrounded by several prehistoric caves, where burials have been found containing mummies of the Guanche. Their burial process is considered very similar to the ritual treatment of the pharaohs in Egypt.
In 1390, the area of Candelaria was a solitary, deserted place where the Guanche of Güimar's menceyato (Güímar's pre-Hispanic kingdom) kept livestock for grazing. Accounts of the sighting of a sacred image vary. Two native herders were said to follow goats to a rock showing it.
Another oral history account told of the rock image being found on a beach near Candelaria. The Guanche told of moving the rock image to the Cave of Chinguaro, the palace of the King of Güímar. But later, the same Guanche were said to move her to Cueva de Achbinico in Candelaria, and there it has been venerated since. The aboriginals identified her with their goddess Chaxiraxi (the mother of the gods). but
The Christian Spanish conquerors later insisted that the image was the Virgin Mary. Later they constructed a hermitage and the Basilica to Santa Maria. They later designated her as the principal patron saint of the Canary Islands.
In the 21st century, Candelaria is the principal Catholic center of pilgrimage of the Canaries and one of the principal ones of Spain. It also attracts tourists to the island's other sites.
At the basilica there is a statue of the Virgin of Candelaria, which is dressed in mantles and jewels. The image is taken out in procession every February 2 (Catholic day of Candelaria) and August 15 (day of the Patron of Canaries). The latter date was originally that of the former aboriginal celebration known as Beñesmen, for the harvest.
The Spanish clergy took over August 15 to celebrate the Catholic Virgin Mary, stating that she had appeared to the people on those two dates. The Virgin of Candelaria is also venerated by the Hindu ethnic Indian community of the Canaries, who refer to her as the black virgin.
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 10,688 | |
| 1996 | 12,392 | |
| 2001 | 14,247 | |
| 2002 | 15,980 | |
| 2003 | 17,938 | |
| 2004 | 19,197 | |
| 2005 | 20,628 | |
| 2007 | 22,477 | |
| 2010 | 25,140 |
The municipality has a beach located to the east and is famous for tourism. Candelaria's municipality hosts the annual peregrination of the Virgin (on February 2 and on August 15; the latter is the most important as the Patron Saint's Day).
Pilgrims also visit the city in other seasons. The principal stops of any visit are the Basilica of Candelaria and Cueva de Achbinico, but there are other places of interest in the village:
The first great Sanctuary to the Virgin of Candelaria was constructed in 1668. Later with the increase in the number of pilgrims and worshippers, the church decided to build the current basilica, which has capacity for 5,000 persons.
Built in 1959, the basilica was constructed on the site and using some materials of a former hermitage. It is located on one side of what is now called the Plaza de la Patrona de Canarias. The basilica is in the south part of the city, adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean.
Next to the basilica is the Dominican convent of the religious order in charge of the sanctuary. The basilica has numerous murals in addition to the sculpture of the Virgin Mary. The Royal Basilica Marian Shrine of Our Lady of Candelaria is considered the main temple dedicated to the Virgin Mary in the Canary Islands.[2]
Also called Cave of San Blas, it was the first Christian temple of the Canary Islands. Here the Guanche and Spanish worshipped the Virgin of Candelaria.
According to recent archaeological studies, layers of ash left by previous indigenous peoples have been carbon-14 dated to more than three thousand years. It appears that the people maintained a permanent fire, perhaps similar to that of the Vestal Virgins of ancient Rome.[3]
The Plaza de la Patrona de Canarias (Square of the Saint Patron of the Canary Islands) is situated at the center of Candelaria. It is next to the Basilica of Candelaria.
Also around the square are bars and cafes frequented by residents and tourists. On one side of the square are statues of the nine 'kings' who ruled the nine aboriginal guanches menceyatos (pre-Hispanic kingdoms) of Tenerife.
This is the main shopping street. Stores feature souvenirs, religious imagery, and crafts. The street runs parallel to the coast and the promenade of the city to the Plaza de la Patrona de Canarias and the Basilica of Candelaria.
This church is dedicated to St. Anne, mother of the Virgin Mary. It is the parish church of Candelaria. The church was constructed in the mid-eighteenth century, but incorporated an earlier sixteenth-century chapel. It has many religious images.