Canal Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line) explained

Canal Street
Address:Canal Street & Varick Street
New York, NY
Borough:Manhattan
Locale:SoHo, Tribeca, Hudson Square
Coordinates:40.7226°N -74.0063°W
Division:IRT
Line:IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line
Service:Broadway-Seventh south local
Service Header:Broadway-Seventh local header
Connection: NYCT Bus:
Platforms:2 side platforms
Tracks:4
Structure:Underground

The Canal Street station is a local station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of Canal and Varick Streets in the TriBeCa and SoHo neighborhoods of Manhattan, it is served by the 1 train at all times and by the 2 train during late nights.

The station was built by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) as part of the Dual Contracts with New York City, and opened on July 1, 1918. The station had its platforms extended in the 1960s, and was renovated in 1992.

History

Construction and opening

The Dual Contracts, which were signed on March 19, 1913, were contracts for the construction and/or rehabilitation and operation of rapid transit lines in the City of New York. The contracts were "dual" in that they were signed between the City and two separate private companies (the Interborough Rapid Transit Company and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company), all working together to make the construction of the Dual Contracts possible. The Dual Contracts promised the construction of several lines in Brooklyn. As part of Contract 4, the IRT agreed to build a branch of the original subway line south down Seventh Avenue, Varick Street, and West Broadway to serve the West Side of Manhattan.[1] [2] [3]

The construction of this line, in conjunction with the construction of the Lexington Avenue Line, would change the operations of the IRT system. Instead of having trains go via Broadway, turning onto 42nd Street, before finally turning onto Park Avenue, there would be two trunk lines connected by the 42nd Street Shuttle. The system would be changed from looking like a "Z" system on a map to an "H" system. One trunk would run via the new Lexington Avenue Line down Park Avenue, and the other trunk would run via the new Seventh Avenue Line up Broadway. In order for the line to continue down Varick Street and West Broadway, these streets needed to be widened, and two new streets were built, the Seventh Avenue Extension and the Varick Street Extension.[4] It was predicted that the subway extension would lead to the growth of the Lower West Side, and to neighborhoods such as Chelsea and Greenwich Village.[5] [6]

Canal Street opened as part of an extension of the line from 34th Street–Penn Station to South Ferry on July 1, 1918.[7] [8] Initially, the station was served by a shuttle running from Times Square to South Ferry.[7] [9] The new "H" system was implemented on August 1, 1918, joining the two halves of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line and sending all West Side trains south from Times Square.[10] An immediate result of the switch was the need to transfer using the 42nd Street Shuttle in order to retrace the original layout. The completion of the "H" system doubled the capacity of the IRT system.

Station renovations

To make room for the construction of the Holland Tunnel exit plaza, a subway entrance at the station was reconstructed.[11] In 1926, New York City, the New York State Bridge and Tunnel Commission, and the New Jersey Interstate Bridge and Tunnel Commission, reached an agreement to construct a passageway from the south side of Canal Street to the south side of Laight Street on the east side of Varick Street to replace the entrance.[12] The cost of the project was split between the Bridge and Tunnel Commissions and the City, and was the first project done to separate pedestrian and vehicular traffic.[13] Work on the project was underway in 1927. Pattelli & Wilson got the winning bid of $116,723 to construct the project.[14] [15]

The city government took over the IRT's operations on June 12, 1940.[16] [17] On August 9, 1964, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) announced the letting of a $7.6 million contract to lengthen platforms at stations on the Broadway—Seventh Avenue Line from Rector Street to 34th Street–Penn Station, including Canal Street, and stations from Central Park North–110th Street to 145th Street on the Lenox Avenue Line to allow express trains to be lengthened from nine-car trains to ten-car trains, and to lengthen locals from eight-car trains to ten-car trains. With the completion of this project, the NYCTA project to lengthen IRT stations to accommodate ten-car trains would be complete.[18]

The station was renovated in 1992 by MTA New York City Transit's in-house staff, and the passageway and the two staircases to the corner of Laight Street and Varick Street were closed.[19]

Station layout

This station has two side platforms and four tracks. The station is served by the 1 at all times and by the 2 during late nights; the center express tracks are used by the 2 and 3 trains during daytime hours. The station is between Houston Street to the north and Franklin Street to the south. The platforms are mildly offset, and although there are no crossovers or crossunders to allow free transfers between directions, there is evidence of a sealed crossunder on both of the platforms. Beige I-beam columns run along both platforms, alternating ones having the standard black station name plate with white lettering.

This underground station is located on the street of the same name, which is the boundary of SoHo and Tribeca. Lying within a block of three different pocket parks (St. John's Park, Duane Park, and Cavala Park), the station sits at the entrance to the Holland Tunnel outside of the Tribeca North Historic District.[20] Much of the surrounding area is characterized by its historic loft architecture.

Exits

Fare control is on platform level for both sides. The two northbound street stairs are on the northeast corner of Varick Street and Canal Street, and the two southbound street stairs are on the northwest corner.[21] The northeast-corner entrances have been floodproofed.[22] [23] At the end of the uptown platform, there was a free zone passageway that had two staircases to Laight and Varick Streets; it was not monitored and was closed down for security reasons.

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Terms and Conditions of Dual System Contracts. March 19, 1913. nycsubway.org. Public Service Commission. February 16, 2015. May 13, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150513130710/http://nycsubway.org/wiki/Chapter_5:_Terms_and_Conditions_of_Dual_System_Contracts. live.
  2. Web site: The Dual System of Rapid Transit (1912). September 1912. nycsubway.org. Public Service Commission. May 30, 2017. January 26, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210126143343/https://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/The_Dual_System_of_Rapid_Transit_(1912). live.
  3. News: September 9, 1917. Most Recent Map of the Dual Subway System Which Shows How Brooklyn Borough Is Favored In New Transit Lines. 37. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 23, 2016. Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com. October 26, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161026233548/https://www.newspapers.com/image/55017329/?terms=nostrand%2Bavenue%2Bsubway. live.
  4. Book: Engineering News-record. 1916. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. en. October 30, 2020. May 4, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220504023724/https://books.google.com/books?id=mONHAQAAMAAJ&q=5%2C900+feet+long+clark+street+tunnel&pg=PA846. live.
  5. News: Whitney. Travis H.. March 10, 1918. The Seventh and Lexington Avenue Subways Will Revive Dormant Sections. 12. The New York Times. subscription. August 26, 2016. 0362-4331. December 12, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191212141413/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/03/10/118138743.pdf. live.
  6. News: May 19, 1918. Public Service Commission Fixes July 15 For Opening of The New Seventh and Lexington Avenue Subway Lines. 32. The New York Times. subscription. November 6, 2016. 0362-4331. July 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210713163206/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/05/19/98265513.pdf. live.
  7. News: 1 Jul 1918 . 7th Avenue Subway System Is Opened To Public To-day: First Train Will Start at 2 O'Clock This Afternoon . 9 . New-York Tribune . .
  8. News: July 2, 1918. Open New Subway to Regular Traffic. 11. The New York Times. subscription. November 6, 2016. 0362-4331. May 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200530191542/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/07/02/106215771.pdf. live.
  9. News: 1917-07-01 . Times Sq. Grows as Subway Centre: New Seventh Avenue Line, Open Today, Marks Great Transportation Advance . RE11 . The New York Times . 2022-11-22 . 0362-4331 . .
  10. News: August 2, 1918. Open New Subway Lines to Traffic; Called a Triumph. en-US. 1. The New York Times. subscription. 2020-04-21. 0362-4331. February 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210221065215/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/08/02/97011929.pdf. live.
  11. Book: Commission, New York State Bridge and Tunnel. Report of the New York State Bridge and Tunnel Commission. 1922. J.B. Lyon Company, printers. 15. en. November 28, 2021. April 7, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220407010313/https://books.google.com/books?id=HY1LAQAAMAAJ&q=subway+entrance. live.
  12. Book: Commission, New York (State) Transit. Proceedings of the Transit Commission, State of New York. 1926. 457. en. November 28, 2021. June 20, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220620214901/https://books.google.com/books?id=_71JYVdpicwC&q=%22passageway%22+%22laight+street%22. live.
  13. Book: Apportionment, New York (N Y.) Board of Estimate and. Report of the Chief Engineer. 1926. 26. en. November 28, 2021. June 20, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220620214902/https://books.google.com/books?id=iHsiAQAAIAAJ&q=+%22passageway%22+%22laight+street%22. live.
  14. Book: Transportation, New York (N Y.) Board of. Proceedings of the Board of Transportation of the City of New York. 1927. The Board.. 1087. en. November 28, 2021. June 20, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220620214901/https://books.google.com/books?id=tisxAAAAMAAJ&q=%22ADDITIONAL+STAIRWAY%22+%2279th+street%22. live.
  15. Book: Transportation, New York (N Y.) Board of. Proceedings of the Board of Transportation of the City of New York. 1928. The Board.. 485. en. November 28, 2021. June 20, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220620214903/https://books.google.com/books?id=hSwxAAAAMAAJ&q=110th+open. live.
  16. News: 1940-06-13 . City Transit Unity Is Now a Reality; Title to I.R.T. Lines Passes to Municipality, Ending 19-Year Campaign . en-US . The New York Times . subscription. 2022-05-14 . 0362-4331 . January 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220107193115/https://www.nytimes.com/1940/06/13/archives/city-transit-unity-is-now-a-reality-title-to-irt-lines-passes-to.html . live .
  17. News: June 13, 1940 . Transit Unification Completed As City Takes Over I. R. T. Lines: Systems Come Under Single Control After Efforts Begun in 1921; Mayor Is Jubilant at City Hall Ceremony Recalling 1904 Celebration . 25 . New York Herald Tribune . .
  18. News: August 10, 1964. IRT Riders To Get More Train Room; $8.5 Million Is Allocated for Longer Stations and for 3 New Car Washers. en-US. The New York Times. subscription. January 4, 2021. 0362-4331. January 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210110040805/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/08/10/archives/irt-riders-to-get-more-train-room-85-million-is-allocated-for.html. live.
    • Book: January 1992 Transit Authority Committee Agenda. January 17, 1992. New York City Transit Authority. E.14. December 21, 2020. June 20, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220620214903/https://www.flickr.com/photos/127872292@N06/48471482327/in/album-72157709193539126/. live.
    • Book: January 1992 Transit Authority Committee Agenda. January 17, 1992. New York City Transit Authority. E.15. December 21, 2020. June 20, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220620214903/https://www.flickr.com/photos/127872292@N06/48471333061/in/album-72157709193539126/. live.
    • Book: January 1992 Transit Authority Committee Agenda. January 17, 1992. New York City Transit Authority. E.16.
    • Book: January 1992 Transit Authority Committee Agenda. January 17, 1992. New York City Transit Authority. E.17. December 21, 2020. June 20, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220620215015/https://www.flickr.com/photos/127872292@N06/48471479992/in/album-72157709193539126/. live.
    • Book: January 1992 Transit Authority Committee Agenda. January 17, 1992. New York City Transit Authority. E.42. December 9, 2020. June 20, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220620215015/https://www.flickr.com/photos/127872292@N06/48471313586/in/album-72157709193539126/. live.
  20. Web site: Tribeca North Historic District. New York City Landmarks Commission. https://web.archive.org/web/20120806213715/http://www.nyc.gov/html/lpc/downloads/pdf/reports/TRIBECA_NORTH_HISTORIC_DISTRICT.pdf. August 6, 2012. dead. July 10, 2011.
  21. Web site: MTA Neighborhood Maps: SoHo / Tribeca. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. August 6, 2015. 2015. September 14, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200914204436/http://web.mta.info/maps/neighborhoods/mn/M02_SoHo_TriBeCa_2015.pdf. live.
  22. Web site: Kirby . Jen . Here's One Way the MTA Is Getting the Subway Ready for the Next Superstorm Sandy . Daily Intelligencer . April 7, 2016 . January 1, 2017 . January 2, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170102082600/http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2016/04/one-way-the-mta-is-prepping-for-a-superstorm.html . live .
  23. Web site: Can We Make Our Subways Flood-Proof Or What? . Popular Science . August 3, 2016 . January 1, 2017 . November 14, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161114132248/http://www.popsci.com/subway-flood-proofing-and-repairs . live .

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