2015 Canadian federal election explained

Election Name:2015 Canadian federal election
Country:Canada
Type:parliamentary
Ongoing:no
Party Colour:no
Party Name:no
Previous Election:2011 Canadian federal election
Previous Year:2011
Next Election:2019 Canadian federal election
Next Year:2019
Seats For Election:338 seats in the House of Commons
Majority Seats:170
Previous Mps:List of House members of the 41st Parliament of Canada
Elected Mps:List of House members of the 42nd Parliament of Canada
Opinion Polls:Opinion polling in the Canadian federal election, 2015
Leader1:Justin Trudeau
Leader Since1:April 14, 2013
Leaders Seat1:Papineau
Last Election1:34 seats, 18.91%
Seats Before1:36
Seats1:184
Seat Change1:148
Popular Vote1:6,942,937
Percentage1:39.47%
Swing1:20.56pp
Leader2:Stephen Harper
Leader Since2:March 20, 2004
Leaders Seat2:Calgary Heritage
Last Election2:166 seats, 39.62%
Seats Before2:159
Seats2:99
Seat Change2:60
Popular Vote2:5,613,633
Percentage2:31.91%
Swing2:7.71pp
Leader3:Tom Mulcair
Leaders Seat3:Outremont
Leader Since3:March 24, 2012
Last Election3:103 seats, 30.63%
Seats Before3:95
Seats3:44
Seat Change3:51
Popular Vote3:3,469,368
Percentage3:19.72%
Swing3:10.91pp
Leader4:Gilles Duceppe
Leaders Seat4:Ran in Laurier—Sainte-Marie (lost)
Leader Since4:June 10, 2015
Last Election4:4 seats, 6.04%
Seats Before4:2
Seats4:10
Seat Change4:8
Popular Vote4:821,144
Percentage4:4.67%
Swing4:1.38pp
Leader5:Elizabeth May
Leader Since5:August 27, 2006
Leaders Seat5:Saanich—Gulf Islands
Last Election5:1 seat, 3.91%
Seats Before5:2
Seats5:1
Seat Change5:1
Popular Vote5:602,933
Percentage5:3.43%
Swing5:0.49pp
Prime Minister
Before Election:Stephen Harper
Posttitle:Prime Minister after election
After Election:Justin Trudeau

The 2015 Canadian federal election held on October 19, 2015, saw the Liberal Party, led by Justin Trudeau, win 184 seats, allowing it to form a majority government with Trudeau becoming the next prime minister.

The election was held to elect members to the House of Commons of the 42nd Canadian Parliament. In keeping with the maximum four year term under a 2007 amendment to the Canada Elections Act, the writs of election for the 2015 election were issued by Governor General David Johnston on August 4. The ensuing campaign was one of the longest in Canadian history.[1] It was also the first time since the 1979 election that a prime minister attempted to remain in office into a fourth consecutive Parliament and the first time since the 1980 election that someone attempted to win a fourth term of any kind as prime minister.

The Liberal Party, led by Justin Trudeau, won 184 seats, allowing it to form a majority government with Trudeau becoming the next prime minister.[2] Trudeau and the rest of his cabinet were sworn in on November 4, 2015.[3] The Conservative Party, led by incumbent Prime Minister Stephen Harper, won 99 seats, becoming the Official Opposition after nearly a decade on the government benches. The New Democratic Party, led by Tom Mulcair, won 44 seats, becoming the third-largest party in the House of Commons, after having formed the Official Opposition following the 2011 election.[4] The Bloc Québécois won 10 seats, the Green Party won 1 seat, and Strength in Democracy lost all its seats.

The Liberal Party's increase of 148 seats from the previous election was the largest-ever numerical increase by a party in a Canadian election. Prior to the campaign, the Liberals had held only 36 seats—the fewest seats ever held at dissolution by any federal party that won the following election. The Liberals also became the first federal party in Canadian history to win a majority of seats without having been either the governing party or the Official Opposition in the previous parliament, and this was only the second time a party went from having the third-most seats to the most seats (the first being in 1925). It was the second largest number of seats won in a federal election for the Liberals, the best being 191 in 1949. The election also had the highest voter turnout since 1993. Every party represented in the House of Commons except the Liberal Party recorded a decrease in its popular vote share. There was an increase in voter turnout among all age groups. The largest was among eligible voters aged 18 to 24, which increased 18.3 points, to 57.1%. Elections Canada reported that this was the biggest increase in turnout among this age group since it began making demographic turnout estimates.[5]

Following the election, Harper conceded defeat to Trudeau and resigned as leader of the Conservative Party.[6] Gilles Duceppe resigned as leader of the Bloc Québécois shortly after the election on October 22, 2015. Tom Mulcair announced his intention to remain leader of the NDP, but was forced to step down in October 2017, after losing a party vote on his leadership in the spring of 2016.

Background

See also: Timeline of the 2015 Canadian federal election and 41st Canadian Parliament. The 2011 federal election resulted in the continuation of the incumbent Conservative government headed by Stephen Harper, while the New Democratic Party (NDP) became Official Opposition and the Liberal Party became the third party. The Bloc Québécois won four seats and the Green Party won one seat. Liberal leader Michael Ignatieff and Bloc leader Gilles Duceppe resigned shortly after failing to win their own ridings. The Bloc Québécois lost official party status by failing to attain the minimum seats needed (12).

Bob Rae was chosen as interim leader of the Liberal Party. In July 2011 Jack Layton, suffering from cancer, temporarily stepped down as leader of the NDP because of illness, indicating his intention to return for the reconvening of Parliament in September. Weeks later Layton died of cancer and was given a state funeral. In March 2012 Tom Mulcair was elected leader of the New Democratic Party. In April 2013 Justin Trudeau was elected leader of the Liberal Party. Bloc Québécois leader Daniel Paillé stepped down in December 2013 and was eventually replaced in June 2014 by Mario Beaulieu, who in turn was later replaced in June 2015[7] by Duceppe. In late 2014, MPs Jean-François Larose of the NDP and Jean-François Fortin of the Bloc formed the new political party Strength in Democracy.

As set forth in the Fair Representation Act,[8] the number of seats in the House of Commons to be contested in the 42nd Canadian federal election was 338, an increase of 30 seats from the 308 seats comprising the House of Commons of Canada of the 41st Parliament of Canada, at its dissolution.[9]

Prime Minister Stephen Harper requested writs of election for a federal general election from Governor General David Johnston on August 2. The official proclamations were issued on August 4.[10] The date of the vote is determined by the fixed-date Canada Elections Act.[11] At 11 weeks, the campaign was the longest in modern Canadian history.[12]

As a result of the 2012 federal electoral redistribution, the number of electoral districts was increased to 338, with additional seats based on population assigned to Alberta (6), British Columbia (6), Ontario (15), and Quebec (3).[13]

Campaign slogans

Party English French Translation of French (unofficial)
Conservative Party"Proven leadership for a strong Canada."[14]
"Safer Canada/Stronger Economy"[15]
"Protect our Economy"[16] 		"Un leadership qui a fait ses preuves pour une économie plus forte""Leadership that has proven itself for a stronger economy"
New Democratic Party"Ready for Change."[17] "Ensemble pour le changement""Together for change"
Liberal Party"Real Change (Now)."[18] [19] "Changer ensemble (maintenant)""Change together (now)"
Bloc Québécois"Des gains pour le Québec"[20]
"On a tout à gagner"		"Gains for Quebec"
"We have everything to win"
Green Party"A Canada That Works. Together."[21] "Prendre l'avenir en main""Take the future in hand"
Strength in Democracy"Empowering our regions, uniting our strengths."[22] "Allier les forces de nos régions""Combine the strengths of our regions"

Election campaign

Leaders' debates

See also: Canadian leaders' debates. Traditionally, party leaders participated in at least two nationally televised debates during the federal election – at least one each in English and French. These debates were produced by a consortium of Canada's major television networks.[23] In May 2015, the Conservatives said they would not participate in the consortium debates and instead would take part in as many as five independently staged debates in the run-up to the fall federal election. Ultimately, the Conservatives agreed to participate in a French-language debate organized by the consortium of broadcasters as one of their five debates.[24] The New Democratic Party confirmed that Tom Mulcair would accept every debate where the prime minister was present. The NDP had previously confirmed its intention to participate in both of the consortium debates before Stephen Harper withdrew[25] [26] but ultimately only participated in the French language consortium debate which included the Conservatives. Liberal leader Justin Trudeau attended the Maclean's, Globe and Mail, and French consortium debates; and the Liberals confirmed he would attend the other debates.[27] [28] [29] The Bloc Québécois attended the French language consortium debate and confirmed its attendance at the French-language TVA debate. The Green Party attended the Maclean's and French language consortium debates, and confirmed its intention to participate in the English language consortium debate.[30] [31] Strength in Democracy, which had the same number of seats in the House of Commons at dissolution as the Greens and Bloc Québécois, were not invited to participate in any of the televised debates. The leaders of the party objected to their exclusion and launched a petition demanding that all parties represented in Parliament be invited to the debates.[32] Other minor parties without representation in the House of Commons were not invited to participate in any of the televised debates.

Televised debates
Subject Participants Date Organizer Moderator Location Notes
General Harper, May, Mulcair, Trudeau [33] Paul WellsThe debate included live translations into French, Italian, Mandarin, Cantonese and Punjabi. Aired live on City stations (English), CPAC (French), and Omni Television stations (all other languages); streamed live at the Maclean's website and all networks' websites, Facebook and YouTube; and on Rogers Media news radio stations.[34]
Economy Harper, Mulcair, Trudeau[35] David WalmsleyThe first half of the 90-minute debate covered five central themes on the economy: jobs, energy and the environment, infrastructure, housing and taxation. The second half consisted of follow-up questions and questions sent in by voters. Aired live nationwide on CPAC in both official languages with an additional English feed in Ontario on CHCH,[36] streamed live on The Globe and Mail's website, and distributed on YouTube. Uninvited Green Party leader Elizabeth May answered questions on Twitter live during the debate at an event in Victoria, British Columbia.[37] |-| General || Duceppe, Harper, May, Mulcair, Trudeau|| September 24 || Consortium (CBC/, CTV, Global,) and [38] ||Anne-Marie Dussault|| Montreal||The debate included live translation into English. Aired live in French on and stations, and participant networks' websites; and in English on CBC News Network, CTV News Channel, and participant networks' websites.|-| || Harper, Mulcair, Trudeau || || Aurea Foundation[39] and Facebook Canada[40] ||Rudyard Griffiths|| Toronto|| Bilingual debate on Canada's foreign policy hosted as part of the foundation's regular Munk Debates.[41] The debate consisted of six 12-minute segments, with two leaders debating for the first seven minutes and the third leader brought in to the debate for the final five. Aired on CPAC in both official languages with an additional English feed in Ontario on CHCH,[42] streamed live on the Munk Debates website, and distributed on Facebook.|-| General || Duceppe, Harper, Mulcair, Trudeau|| [43] || Quebecor Media (TVA) ||Pierre Bruneau|| Montreal ||The debate focused on three themes: the economy, national security and Canada's place in the world, and social policies; the format consisted of six rounds of four-minute debate between two leaders, with an open debate section at the end of each theme.[44] Aired live in French on TVA stations, Le Canal Nouvelles, and streamed on the TVA Nouvelles website; Aired with simultaneous interpretation to English on CPAC.[45] |}

Controversies

The second Canadian federal election to significantly incorporate social media, the 2015 campaign was notable for the rise of new avenues of scrutiny for potential candidates.[46] A number of damaging revelations for each of the major political parties late in the campaign led to calls for increased vetting amongst political strategists, academics and outside observers.[47] [48] [49]

Party Description
Conservative
  • August 7, 2015: Hochelaga candidate Augustin Ali Kitoko was removed as a candidate after sharing a Facebook photo album from New Democrat leader Tom Mulcair.[50]
  • August 21, 2015: Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie candidate Gilles Guibord was no longer a candidate after a number of online comments on Le Journal de Montréal were uncovered, including blaming First Nations for not integrating into European culture, claiming the French, not the Mohawks, have ancestral rights to Quebec, and speaking about man's "authority over women."[51]
  • August 24, 2015: Ahuntsic-Cartierville candidate Wiliam Moughrabi deleted his Facebook account after violent and sexist posts were discovered.[52]
  • August 25, 2015: Joliette candidate Soheil Eid apologized after comparing New Democrat leader Tom Mulcair's statements regarding the Energy East pipeline project to Nazi propagandist Joseph Goebbels by quoting "Mentez mentez, il en restera toujours quelque chose" ("Lie lie and something will always remain").[53]
  • September 6, 2015: Scarborough—Rouge Park candidate Jerry Bance was dropped from the party after a video from CBC's Marketplace surfaced showing an appliance repairman named Jerry urinating into a mug in a client's kitchen. It was later discovered that it was Bance himself.[54] It became a popular meme on Twitter under the hashtag #peegate.[55]
  • September 7, 2015: Toronto—Danforth candidate Tim Dutaud was forced to resign his candidacy after it was discovered he was YouTube user UniCaller, who has uploaded videos of himself pretending to orgasm while on the phone with female customer service representatives, and mocking people with mental disabilities.[56]
  • September 8, 2015: Bay of Quinte Conservative Electoral District Association board member Sue MacDonell was fired after she posted on Facebook that Cree woman and newly crowned Mrs. Universe Ashley Callingbull-Burnham was a "monster" and a "smug entitled Liberal pet."
  • September 15, 2015: Bonavista—Burin—Trinity candidate Blair Dale was removed from his candidacy after racist and sexist online comments surfaced, including saying that abortion should not be an option for "irresponsible" people.[57]
  • September 17, 2015: Prime Minister Stephen Harper's use of the appellation "Old Stock Canadians" during a nationally televised debate with Liberal Leader Justin Trudeau, and NDP Leader Tom Mulcair created a Twitter frenzy and substantial media coverage.[58] Without specifically repeating the phrase, Harper later claimed to be referring to Canadians whose families have been here for "one or more generations."[59]
  • October 1, 2015: Sackville—Preston—Chezzetcook candidate Robert Strickland was lambasted after Facebook remarks made by Strickland (or a staffer) told a young voter to "gain some experience in life" before engaging in political discussions.[60]
  • October 1, 2015: St. Catharines incumbent Rick Dykstra was alleged to have purchased six Cîroc vodka bottles for underage girls at a local nightclub and then had his campaign offer bribes in exchange for their silence, a charge Dykstra denied.[61]
  • October 6, 2015: Mississauga—Malton candidate Jagdish Grewal was dropped from the party after an editorial by Grewal was printed in the Punjabi Post titled "Is it wrong for a homosexual to become a normal person?" in which he defended gay-conversion therapy to return gay youths to their "normal" heterosexuality. He remained on the ballot.[62]
  • October 10, 2015: The Economist said that "Muslim-bashing" had entered the election campaign, led primarily by the Conservatives, through the issue of the public wearing of the niqab.[63] See also: Zunera Ishaq
NDP
  • August 10, 2015: Kings—Hants candidate Morgan Wheeldon resigned his candidacy after a Facebook comment surfaced where he is accused of saying Israel intended to "ethnically cleanse the region."[64]
  • September 8, 2015: Shawn Dearn, Tom Mulcair's director of communications apologized after tweets came to light criticizing the Catholic Church, including stating that the "misogynist, homophobic, child-molesting Catholic church" is no moral authority, and used an expletive to refer to Pope Benedict XVI after the pope denounced Britain's gay equality rights.[65]
  • September 20, 2015: NDP Leader Tom Mulcair was forced to apologize for using the term "Newfie" in a derogatory fashion as a synonym for "stupid" during a heated exchange in the Quebec legislature in 1996.[66]
  • September 21, 2015: Winnipeg Centre MP Pat Martin apologized for offensive language. Martin called Green Party candidate Don Woodstock a "son of a bitch" during a candidates debate the previous week. In a Huffington Post article, Martin was quoted as saying Liberal candidate Robert-Falcon Ouellette is a "political slut" because he had considered running for different political parties before running for the Liberals.[67] [68]
  • September 22, 2015: Hamilton West—Ancaster—Dundas candidate Alex Johnstone apologized for Facebook comments from seven years prior, where she commented on photos of the Auschwitz concentration camp with "Ahhh, the infamous Pollish, phallic, hydro posts." She claimed to not know that the picture was of the infamous concentration camp.[69]
  • September 24, 2015: Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley candidate Stefan Johansson was asked to step down as candidate after social media posts from three years earlier emerged where he compared the Haredim sect of Judaism to the Taliban and other extremists.[70]
  • October 7, 2015: Brampton East candidate Harbaljit Singh Kahlon, who once told a television programme same-sex marriage could lead to polygamy and public nudity, offered an apology and said he no longer held those views.[71]
Liberal
  • August 18, 2015: Calgary Nose Hill candidate Ala Buzreba stepped down as candidate after offensive Twitter tweets from several years earlier were uncovered, including "Go blow your brains out you waste of sperm" and "Your mother should have used that coat hanger."[72]
  • September 10, 2015: South Surrey—White Rock candidate Joy Davies resigned her candidacy after Facebook comments surfaced where she suggested that marijuana reduced family violence, that growing marijuana in a home poses no harm to children, and that the Canadian Cancer Society was "another outlet for big pharma."[73]
  • September 10, 2015: Peace River—Westlock candidate Chris Brown apologized for offensive tweets he made in December 2009, during a bout of alcoholism after the death of his wife.[74]
  • September 16, 2015: Sturgeon River—Parkland candidate Chris Austin had his candidacy removed because of views that "are irreconcilable with the values" of the Liberals, including saying Stephen Harper "has turned our Nation's Capital into a War Zone as his thirst for War" in the aftermath of the Parliament Hill shootings, and suggesting that the RCMP are the "Canadian Gestapo."[75]
  • September 28, 2015: Cowichan—Malahat—Langford candidate Maria Manna resigned her candidacy after Facebook comments surfaced questioning the events of the September 11 attacks.[76]
  • September 30, 2015: Victoria candidate Cheryl Thomas resigned after past social media posts came to light, including referring to mosques as "brainwashing stations" and saying "the oppressed of the Warsaw ghettos and the concentration camps have become the oppressors." As the candidate deadline (September 28) had already passed, her name remained on the ballot.[77]
  • October 14, 2015: Dan Gagnier, a co-chair of the Liberal Party's national campaign, stepped down from his position after the reveal of an email indicating he had provided advice to TransCanada on how to lobby a potential Liberal government regarding energy issues.[78]
BQ
  • Late August 2015: Mégantic—L'Érable candidate Virginie Provost was embarrassed after a survey asking what she would need in the event of a nuclear attack was revealed. Her answer was that she would bring "her cellphone, a penis and chips."
  • September 19, 2015: Ville-Marie—Le Sud-Ouest—Île-des-Sœurs candidate Chantal St-Onge apologized after sharing an anti-Islam Pegida post on Facebook.

Opinion polls

See main article: Opinion polling for the 2015 Canadian federal election and Opinion polling for the 2015 Canadian federal election, by constituency.

Evolution of voting intentions during the campaign leading up to the 2015 Canadian federal election to be held on October 19, 2015. Points represent results of individual polls.

Endorsements

See main article: Newspaper endorsements in the 2015 Canadian federal election and Endorsements from individuals and organizations in the 2015 Canadian federal election.

Election spending

Before the campaign, there were no limits to what a political party, candidate, or third party (corporations, unions, special interest groups, etc.) can spend: spending rules are only in force after the writs have been dropped and the campaign has begun. Because the election period is set longer than the standard 37-day election period, spending limits are increased in proportion to the length of the period.[79]

Party spending limits and actual spending, 2015 vs 2011
Type Spending limits 20152011[80]
2015[81] 2011 colspan="2" Conservative colspan="2" NDP colspan="2" Liberal colspan="2" Conservative colspan="2" NDP colspan="2" Liberal
Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount %
Political party $54,475,840[82] $21,025,793 $29,000,000$28,000,000$26,000,000$19,519,995 93% $20,372,231 97% $19,507,746 93%
Party candidates $73,611,590[83] $28,244,499 $21,000,000$11,000,000$15,000,000$19,655,136 70% $7,117,962 25% $14,517,363 41%
Total $128,087,430 $49,270,292 $39,175,131 80% $27,490,193 56% $34,025,109 69%
Candidates spending > 75% of limit1734491
Candidates spending > 50% of limit22870169

Reimbursements for political parties and candidates

Political parties receive a reimbursement for 50 per cent of their election expenses during the writ period. Similarly, candidates (through their official agents) receive a reimbursement of 60 per cent of their election expenses during the writ period. Both reimbursements are publicly funded.[84]

Fundraising

Elections Canada reports that during the financial quarter preceding the writ period, the Conservatives received $7.4 million in contributions, the NDP received $4.5 million, and the Liberals received $4.0 million.[85] The NDP had the most individual donors at 48,314, followed by the Conservatives at 45,532 and then the Liberals at 32,789.[86]

The New Democratic Party stated that it collected greater than $9 million in the third quarter of 2015, the most it ever received from donors, and greater than the quarterly record established by the Conservative Party in 2011.[87]

At the riding level, financial reports in each of the 338 constituencies showed that in Conservative electoral district associations ended 2014 with net assets totalling more than $19 million, Liberal riding associations reported a total of about $8 million in net assets, and NDP associations more than $4.4 million.[88]

Individuals are able to give up to $1,500 to each political party and an additional $1,500 to all the registered associations, nomination contestants and candidates of each registered party combined.[89]

Registered third parties

A person or group must register as a third party immediately after incurring election advertising expenses totalling $500 or more.[90] There are strict limits on advertising expenses, and specific limits that can be incurred to promote or oppose the election of one or more candidates in a particular electoral district. There were 112 registered third parties in the 2015 election.[91] There was a $150,000 election advertising expenses limit. Of that amount, no more than $8,788 could be incurred to promote or oppose the election of one or more candidates in a particular electoral district.

Results

See main article: Results of the 2015 Canadian federal election and Results of the 2015 Canadian federal election by riding.

|- style="text-align:center;background-color:#e9e9e9"! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Party! rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Party leader! rowspan="2" | Candidates! colspan="6" | Seats! colspan="5" | Popular vote|- style="text-align:center;background-color:#e9e9e9"| 2011| style="font-size:80%" | Dissol.| style="font-size:80%" |Redist.| 2015| style="font-size:80%" | % change
from 2011| style="font-size:80%" | % seats| style="font-size:80%" | Votes| style="font-size:80%" | Vote
change| style="font-size:80%" |%| style="font-size:80%" | pp change| style="font-size:80%" | % where
running|-| style="text-align:left;" |Justin Trudeau| style="text-align:right;" |338| style="text-align:right;" |34| style="text-align:right;" |36| style="text-align:right;" |36| style="text-align:right;" |184| style="text-align:right;" |+%| style="text-align:right;" |%| style="text-align:right;" |6,942,937| style="text-align:right;" |+4,159,861| style="text-align:right;" |39.47%| style="text-align:right;" |+20.57pp| style="text-align:right;" |39.47%| style="text-align:left;" |Stephen Harper| style="text-align:right;" |338| style="text-align:right;" |166| style="text-align:right;" |159| style="text-align:right;" |188| style="text-align:right;" |99| style="text-align:right;" |%| style="text-align:right;" |%| style="text-align:right;" |5,613,633| style="text-align:right;" |-221,637| style="text-align:right;" |31.91%| style="text-align:right;" |-7.72pp| style="text-align:right;" |31.91%| style="text-align:left;" |Tom Mulcair| style="text-align:right;" |338| style="text-align:right;" |103| style="text-align:right;" |95| style="text-align:right;" |109| style="text-align:right;" |44| style="text-align:right;" |%| style="text-align:right;" |%| style="text-align:right;" |3,469,368| style="text-align:right;" |-1,043,043| style="text-align:right;" |19.72%| style="text-align:right;" |-10.92pp| style="text-align:right;" |19.73%| style="text-align:left;" |Gilles Duceppe| style="text-align:right;" |78| style="text-align:right;" |4| style="text-align:right;" |2| style="text-align:right;" |4| style="text-align:right;" |10| style="text-align:right;" |+%| style="text-align:right;" |%| style="text-align:right;" |821,144| style="text-align:right;" |-70,281| style="text-align:right;" |4.67%| style="text-align:right;" |-1.39pp| style="text-align:right;" |19.36%| style="text-align:left;" |Elizabeth May| style="text-align:right;" |336| style="text-align:right;" |1| style="text-align:right;" |2| style="text-align:right;" |1| style="text-align:right;" |1| style="text-align:right;" |%| style="text-align:right;" |%| style="text-align:right;" |602,933| style="text-align:right;" |+30,838 | style="text-align:right;" |3.43%| style="text-align:right;" |-0.46pp| style="text-align:right;" |3.44%| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |Independent and No Affiliation| style="text-align:right;" |80| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |8| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |49,616| style="text-align:right;" |-23,245| style="text-align:right;" |0.28%| style="text-align:right;" |-0.21pp| style="text-align:right;" |1.18%| style="text-align:left;" |Tim Moen| style="text-align:right;" |72| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |36,775| style="text-align:right;" |+30,773| style="text-align:right;" |0.21%| style="text-align:right;" |+0.17pp| style="text-align:right;" |0.93%| style="text-align:left;" |Rod Taylor| style="text-align:right;" |30| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |15,232| style="text-align:right;" |-3,678| style="text-align:right;" |0.09%| style="text-align:right;" |-0.04pp| style="text-align:right;" |0.97%| style="text-align:left;" |Anna Di Carlo| style="text-align:right;" |70| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |8,838| style="text-align:right;" |-1,087| style="text-align:right;" |0.05%| style="text-align:right;" |-0.02pp| style="text-align:right;" |0.23%| style="text-align:left;" || style="text-align:right;" |17| | style="text-align:right;" |2| | style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |8,274| style="text-align:right;" |*| style="text-align:right;" |0.05%| style="text-align:right;" |*| style="text-align:right;" |0.90%| style="text-align:left;" |Sébastien Corriveau| style="text-align:right;" |27| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |7,263| style="text-align:right;" |+3,463| style="text-align:right;" |0.04%| style="text-align:right;" |+0.02pp| style="text-align:right;" |0.52%| style="text-align:left;" |Sinclair Stevens| style="text-align:right;" |8| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |4,476| style="text-align:right;" |-1,314| style="text-align:right;" |0.03%| style="text-align:right;" |-0.01pp| style="text-align:right;" |1.03%| style="text-align:left;" |Miguel Figueroa| style="text-align:right;" |26| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |4,393| style="text-align:right;" |+1,499| style="text-align:right;" |0.02%| style="text-align:right;" |+0.01pp| style="text-align:right;" |0.32%| style="text-align:left;" |Liz White| style="text-align:right;" |8| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |1,699| style="text-align:right;" |+355| style="text-align:right;" |0.01%| style="text-align:right;" |–| style="text-align:right;" |0.36%| style="text-align:left;" |Blair Longley| style="text-align:right;" |8| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |1,557| style="text-align:right;" |-199| style="text-align:right;" |0.01%| style="text-align:right;" |–| style="text-align:right;" |0.34%| style="text-align:left;" |Stephen Garvey| style="text-align:right;" |4| | style="text-align:right;" |0| | style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |1,187| style="text-align:right;" |*| style="text-align:right;" |0.01%| style="text-align:right;" |*| style="text-align:right;" |0.62%| style="text-align:left;" |Roderick Lim| style="text-align:right;" |5| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |908| style="text-align:right;" |-2,289| style="text-align:right;" |0.01%| style="text-align:right;" |-0.02pp| style="text-align:right;" |0.32%| style="text-align:left;" |Jeremy Arney| style="text-align:right;" |3| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |401| style="text-align:right;" |-1,550| style="text-align:right;" |0.00%| style="text-align:right;" |-0.01pp| style="text-align:right;" |0.24%| style="text-align:left;" |Jim Pankiw| style="text-align:right;" |1| | style="text-align:right;" |0| | style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |271| style="text-align:right;" |*| style="text-align:right;" |0.00%| style="text-align:right;" |*| style="text-align:right;" |0.72%| style="text-align:left;" |Daniel J. Patton| style="text-align:right;" |1| | | | style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |157| style="text-align:right;" |*| style="text-align:right;" |0.00%| style="text-align:right;" |*| style="text-align:right;" |0.29%| style="text-align:left;" |François Bélanger| style="text-align:right;" |1| | | | style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |136| style="text-align:right;" |*| style="text-align:right;" |0.00%| style="text-align:right;" |*| style="text-align:right;" |0.22%| style="text-align:left;" |David Berlin| style="text-align:right;" |1| | style="text-align:right;" |0| | style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |122| style="text-align:right;" |*| style="text-align:right;" |0.00%| style="text-align:right;" |*| style="text-align:right;" |0.29%| style="text-align:left;" |Michael Nicula| style="text-align:right;" |1| | style="text-align:right;" |0| | style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |91| style="text-align:right;" |*| style="text-align:right;" |0.00%| style="text-align:right;" |*| style="text-align:right;" |0.17%| style="text-align:left;" |Bob Kesic| style="text-align:right;" |1| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |57| style="text-align:right;" |-237| style="text-align:right;" |0.00%| style="text-align:right;" |-0.00pp| style="text-align:right;" |0.10%|-| colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" |Vacant| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |4| style="text-align:right;" |0| style="text-align:right;" |0|colspan="7" |-| colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" |Total| style="text-align:right;" |1,792| style="text-align:right;" |308| style="text-align:right;" |308| style="text-align:right;" |338| style="text-align:right;" |338| style="text-align:right;" |+%| style="text-align:right;" |%| style="text-align:center;" |17,591,468| style="text-align:center;" |+2,870,888| style="text-align:center;" |100%| style="text-align:center;" || style="text-align:center;" |100%|-| style="text-align:left;" colspan="15" | Source: Elections Canada (Final results)


Elections to the 42nd Parliament of Canada – seats won/lost by party, 2011–2015
Party2011
(redist.)		Gain from (loss to)2015
LibConNDPBQGrn
36 96 51 1 184
188 (96) (3) 99
109 (51) 3 (7) 44
4 (1) 7 10
1 1
Total 338 (148) 99 55 (6) 338

Results by province

Party nameBCABSKMBONQCNBNSPENLYTNTNUTotal
rowspan="2"     LiberalSeats:17 <--BC-->4 <--AB-->1 <--SK-->7 <--MB-->80 <--ON-->40 <--QC-->10 <--NB-->11 <--NS-->4 <--PE-->7 <--NL-->1 <--YT-->1 <--NT-->1 <--NU-->184<--Canada/Total-->
Vote:35.2 <--BC-->24.6 <--AB-->23.9 <--SK-->44.6 <--MB-->44.8 <--ON-->35.7 <--QC-->51.6 <--NB-->61.9 <--NS-->58.3 <--PE-->64.5 <--NL-->53.6 <--YT-->48.3 <--NT-->47.2 <--NU-->39.5 <--Canada/Total-->
rowspan="2"     ConservativeSeats:10 <--BC-->29 <--AB-->10 <--SK-->5 <--MB-->33 <--ON-->12 <--QC-->0 <--NB-->0 <--NS-->0 <--PE-->0 <--NL-->0 <--YT-->0 <--NT-->0 <--NU-->99<--Canada/Total-->
Vote:30.0 <--BC-->59.5 <--AB-->48.5 <--SK-->37.3 <--MB-->35.0 <--ON-->16.7 <--QC-->25.3 <--NB-->17.9 <--NS-->19.3 <--PE-->10.3 <--NL-->24.0 <--YT-->18.0 <--NT-->24.8 <--NU-->31.9 <--Canada/Total-->
rowspan="2"     New DemocraticSeats:14 <--BC-->1 <--AB-->3 <--SK-->2 <--MB-->8 <--ON-->16 <--QC-->0 <--NB-->0 <--NS-->0 <--PE-->0 <--NL-->0 <--YT-->0 <--NT-->0 <--NU-->44<--Canada/Total-->
Vote:25.9 <--BC-->11.6 <--AB-->25.1 <--SK-->13.8 <--MB-->16.6 <--ON-->25.4 <--QC-->18.3 <--NB-->16.4 <--NS-->16.0 <--PE-->21.0 <--NL-->19.5 <--YT-->30.8 <--NT-->26.5 <--NU-->19.7 <--Canada/Total-->
rowspan="2"     Bloc QuébécoisSeats:10 <--QC-->10<--Canada/Total-->
Vote:19.3 <--QC-->4.7 <--Canada/Total-->
rowspan="2"     GreenSeats:1 <--BC-->0 <--AB-->0 <--SK-->0 <--MB-->0 <--ON-->0 <--QC-->0 <--NB-->0 <--NS-->0 <--PE-->0 <--NL-->0 <--YT-->0 <--NT-->0 <--NU-->1<--Canada/Total-->
Vote:8.2 <--BC-->2.5 <--AB-->2.1 <--SK-->3.2 <--MB-->2.9 <--ON-->2.3 <--QC-->4.6 <--NB-->3.4 <--NS-->6.0 <--PE-->1.1 <--NL-->2.9 <--YT-->2.8 <--NT-->1.5 <--NU-->3.4 <--Canada/Total-->
    Independent and No AffiliationVote:0.1 <--BC-->0.8 <--AB-->0.2 <--SK-->0.6 <--MB-->0.2 <--ON-->0.1 <--QC-->0.1 <--NB-->0.3 <--NS--><--PE-->2.9 <--NL--><--YT--><--NT--><--NU-->0.2<--Canada/Total-->
Total seats42 <--BC-->34 <--AB-->14 <--SK-->14 <--MB-->121<--ON-->78 <--QC-->10 <--NB-->11 <--NS-->4 <--PE-->7 <--NL-->1 <--YT-->1 <--NT-->1 <--NU-->338 <--Canada/Total-->

Election aftermath

Hours after conceding defeat on election night, incumbent Prime Minister Stephen Harper resigned as leader of the Conservative Party, though he announced his intention to remain in the new parliament as a backbencher after being elected in the riding of Calgary Heritage.[92] The Conservative caucus met on November 5, 2015, and elected former health minister and Alberta MP Rona Ambrose as interim leader of the party, and hence, interim Leader of the Official Opposition.[93] The next Conservative Party of Canada leadership election was held on May 27, 2017.[94] Following his swearing in on November 4, 2015, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that parliament would reconvene on December 3, 2015, with the Speech from the Throne to follow on December 4.[95]

Commentary

In the aftermath of the 2011 election, many pundits had characterized it as a realigning election. Lawrence Martin, commentator for The Globe and Mail said, "Harper has completed a remarkable reconstruction of a Canadian political landscape that endured for more than a century. The realignment saw both old parties of the moderate middle, the Progressive Conservatives and the Liberals, either eliminated or marginalized."[96] Andrew Coyne, writing in Maclean's, said the election marked "an unprecedented realignment of Canadian politics" as "the Conservatives are now in a position to replace the Liberals as the natural governing party in Canada."[97]

Despite the grim outlook and poor early poll numbers, when the 2015 election was held, the Liberals under Trudeau made an unprecedented comeback. Gaining 148 seats, they won a majority government for the first time since 2000.[98] Chantal Hébert, writing in the Toronto Star, claimed the comeback was "headed straight for the history books" and that Harper's name would "forever be joined with that of his Liberal nemesis in Canada's electoral annals".[99] Spencer McKay, writing for the National Post, suggested that "maybe we've witnessed a revival of Canada's 'natural governing party'".[100]

International reactions

Cabinet appointments

See main article: 29th Canadian Ministry. On November 4, 2015, the following individuals were sworn in as cabinet ministers of the 29th Canadian Ministry, in addition to Justin Trudeau as prime minister and minister of Intergovernmental Affairs and Youth:[105] [106] [107]

See also

Further reading

External links

]

Notes and References

  1. Only the first two election campaigns after Confederation were longer: 81 days in 1867 and 96 days in 1872. In those early days voting was staggered across the country over a period of several months, necessarily extending the length of the campaigns. Since then, the longest campaign was 74 days, in 1926. (Canadian Press, "Imminent federal election to be costliest, longest in recent Canadian history" . Toronto Sun, July 29, 2015)
  2. News: Trudeau brings Liberals back on top . Anthony . Zurcher . BBC News . October 20, 2015 . October 22, 2015 . October 21, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151021230302/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-34566369 . live .
  3. Web site: When does Justin Trudeau become prime minister?. Patricia. Treble. Maclean's. October 28, 2015. October 20, 2015. October 23, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201023053058/https://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/when-does-justin-trudeau-become-prime-minister/. live.
  4. News: Justin Trudeau set to become Canadian PM as Liberals sweep board in election. The Guardian. Nicky. Woolf. October 19, 2015. October 19, 2015. July 13, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180713212132/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/20/justin-trudeau-set-to-become-pm-as-liberals-sweep-board-in-canada-election. live.
  5. News: Grenier . Eric . June 15, 2016 . 2015 federal election saw youth vote in unprecedented numbers . CBC News.
  6. Web site: Stephen Harper resigns as Conservative leader. CTV News. October 28, 2015. Dehaas. Josh. October 19, 2015. October 20, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151020035634/http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/stephen-harper-resigns-as-conservative-leader-1.2617950. live.
  7. Web site: DUCEPPE, Gilles . House of Commons of Canada . August 8, 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150810102600/http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=ed3d4160-8a5a-4efc-a0a6-d65deeb994d9&Language=E . August 10, 2015 .
  8. Web site: Fair Representation Act, S.C. 2011, c. 26. laws.justice.gc.ca. Queen's Printer for Canada. January 17, 2015. December 16, 2011. September 16, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150916205941/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/AnnualStatutes/2011_26/page-1.html. live.
  9. News: 30 more MPs for rebalanced House of Commons. CBC News. June 8, 2014. October 26, 2011. June 20, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150620213946/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/30-more-mps-for-rebalanced-house-of-commons-1.994608. live.
  10. Proclamation Issuing Election Writs. Canada Gazette Part II. 149. August 4, 2015. October 22, 2015.
  11. Web site: Amendment to Canada Elections Act. Queen's Printer for Canada. November 6, 2006. July 29, 2011. August 5, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110805041409/http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Docid=2475836&file=4. live.
  12. News: Canada election 2015: Stephen Harper confirms start of 11-week federal campaign. CBC News. August 2, 2015. August 2, 2015. August 6, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150806021936/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-stephen-harper-confirms-start-of-11-week-federal-campaign-1.3175136. live.
  13. News: Aulakh. Raveena. Kane. Laura. Growing population means 11 new ridings in the GTA. May 3, 2018. Toronto Star. August 27, 2012. May 4, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180504090700/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2012/08/27/growing_population_means_11_new_ridings_in_the_gta.html. live.
  14. Web site: I Stand With Stephen Harper. Conservative Party of Canada. August 5, 2015. August 5, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150805221235/http://www.conservative.ca/cpc/i-stand-with-stephen-harper-1/.
  15. News: Long, but not boring. August 10, 2015. The Economist. August 8, 2015. August 9, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150809053522/http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21660571-stephen-harper-wants-fourth-term-prime-minister-he-faces-tough-fight-long-not. live.
  16. Web site: Cover Photos. Official Facebook page of Conservative Party of Canada. September 13, 2015. October 19, 2015. March 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210308063630/https://www.facebook.com/cpcpcc/photos/a.10150673458204204.413594.5661704203/10153638567194204/. live.
  17. Web site: Canada's NDP. August 5, 2015. August 4, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150804151242/http://www.ndp.ca/. live.
  18. News: Canada election 2015: Justin Trudeau takes his campaign to Stephen Harper's backyard. August 4, 2015. CBC News. August 5, 2015. Payton. Laura. August 6, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150806001640/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-justin-trudeau-takes-his-campaign-to-stephen-harper-s-backyard-1.3177921. live.
  19. Liberals release new campaign ads across Canada. Liberal Party of Canada. October 10, 2015. October 10, 2015. October 11, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151011223316/https://www.liberal.ca/liberals-release-new-campaign-ads-across-canada/. live.
  20. News: Bloc Quebecois abandons sovereignty slogan. August 31, 2015. . Montreal . August 31, 2015.
  21. Web site: Green Party of Canada. greenparty.ca. August 5, 2015. August 5, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150805021916/http://www.greenparty.ca/en. live.
  22. Web site: Strength in Democracy. August 5, 2015. Strength in Democracy/Forces et Démocratie. June 26, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150723070235/http://www.strengthindemocracy.org/. July 23, 2015. dead.
  23. News: Broadcasters fight back against federal leaders' debate changes. The Globe and Mail. May 28, 2015. Chase. Steven. Ottawa. May 21, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150521060329/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/broadcasters-fight-back-against-federal-leaders-debate-changes/article24442646/. live.
  24. News: Payton. Laura. Harper, Mulcair and Trudeau confirm participation in Munk Debates, 2nd French debate. August 12, 2015. CBC News. August 12, 2015. August 12, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150812000500/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-ndp-debates-aug11-1.3186042. live.
  25. News: Canada election 2015: NDP threatens to pull out of broadcasters' debates. July 31, 2015. CBC News. Barton. Rosemary. July 31, 2015. August 1, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150801222749/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-ndp-threatens-to-pull-out-of-broadcasters-debates-1.3175720. live.
  26. News: Election debate dates set by broadcasters without Conservatives. Payton. Laura. CBC News. July 9, 2015. August 6, 2015. August 18, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150818124920/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/election-debate-dates-set-by-broadcasters-without-conservatives-1.3145190. live.
  27. News: Conservatives, NDP agree to Globe election debate on economy . The Globe and Mail . Chase . Steven . May 20, 2015 . May 20, 2015 . Ottawa . May 24, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150524174109/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/conservatives-ndp-agree-to-globe-election-debate-on-economy/article24510188/ . live .
  28. Web site: Munk Debates – Federal Election Debate Announcement – First Ever Federal Election Debate on Foreign Policy Proposed. newswire.ca. August 1, 2015. October 25, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171025131810/http://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/federal-election-debate-announcement---first-ever-federal-election-debate-on-foreign-policy-proposed-517736231.html. dead.
  29. Web site: Harper, Mulcair, Trudeau et Beaulieu croiseront le fer à TVA . Radio-Canada . May 22, 2015 . May 22, 2015 . September 23, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150923090311/http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/politique/2015/05/22/004-debats-electoraux-groupe-tva-accord-quatre-partis-federaux.shtml . live .
  30. Web site: A viewer's guide to the Maclean's National Leaders Debate. Maclean's. July 22, 2015. July 22, 2015. July 26, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150726040013/http://www.macleans.ca/politics/the-macleans-national-leaders-debate/. live.
  31. News: Agreement reached for televised French-language 2015 leaders debate. September 19, 2015. Global News. August 12, 2015. September 14, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150914162935/http://globalnews.ca/news/2160291/agreement-reached-for-televised-french-language-2015-leaders-debate/. live.
  32. Web site: Strength in Democracy demands to be present in debates. Strength in Democracy. August 31, 2015. August 17, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150911223248/http://www.forcesetdemocratie.org/en/293/strength-in-democracy-demands-to-be-present-in-debates/nouvelle.html. September 11, 2015. dead.
  33. Web site: Maclean's Election Debate To Feature All 4 National Party Leaders . Huffington Post. June 21, 2015. June 15, 2015.
  34. News: Federal leaders' debate: 5 things to watch for tonight. CBC News. August 6, 2015. August 6, 2015. Payton. Laura. August 7, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150807052021/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-debate-list-aug6-1.3180139. live.
  35. News: Harper, Mulcair and Trudeau confirm Globe debate attendance. The Globe and Mail. August 4, 2015. Bradshaw. James. August 4, 2015. September 23, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150923102635/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/harper-mulcair-and-trudeau-confirm-globe-debate-attendance/article25820792/. live.
  36. "And the only place you can watch it on broadcast TV in Ontario is on CHCH." News: Leaders prepping for debate. September 26, 2015. CHCH. Channel Zero Inc.. September 17, 2015. September 27, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150927151914/http://www.chch.com/leaders-prepping-for-debate/. live.
  37. News: Elizabeth May dominates debate on Twitter. September 25, 2015. CTV News. Shulman. Michael. September 17, 2015. September 25, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150925223111/http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/election/green-party-leader-elizabeth-may-dominates-debate-on-twitter-1.2568799. live.
  38. News: O'Malley. Kady. Here's why you should watch the French leaders' debate (even if you only speak English). October 2, 2015. National Post. September 24, 2015. May 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210528122649/https://nationalpost.com/category/news/. live.
  39. News: Federal election 2015: Munk Debates wins bid to host foreign policy face-off. May 21, 2015. CBC News. May 28, 2015. O'Malley. Kady. May 31, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150531173322/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-election-2015-munk-debates-wins-bid-to-host-foreign-policy-face-off-1.3081976. live.
  40. Web site: Date Announced For First Ever Federal Election Debate on Foreign Policy. Election Debate. Munk Debates. August 31, 2015. August 22, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150822132329/http://munkdebates.com/election-debate. dead.
  41. News: Blanchfield. Mike. Moderator asks Harper, Trudeau, Mulcair to skip talking points in upcoming foreign policy debate. September 28, 2015. Toronto Star. September 27, 2015. September 28, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150928042257/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/09/27/moderator-asks-harper-trudeau-mulcair-to-skip-talking-points-in-upcoming-foreign-policy-debate.html. live.
  42. "CHCH … is the only over the air broadcaster running the next English language leaders debate live this coming Monday" News: Main party leaders are back on the campaign trail. September 26, 2015. CHCH News. Channel Zero Inc.. September 25, 2015. September 27, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150927113557/http://www.chch.com/main-party-leaders-are-back-on-the-campaign-trail/. live.
  43. Web site: TVA to hold French-language leaders' debate on October 2. McRobie. Deane. June 3, 2015. August 6, 2015. May 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210528122647/https://ipolitics.ca/2015/06/03/tva-to-hold-french-language-leaders-debate-on-october-2/. live.
  44. News: Kestler-D'Amours. Jillian. Leaders prepare for last debate before federal election. October 2, 2015. Toronto Star. October 2, 2015. October 3, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151003052308/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/10/02/leaders-prepare-for-last-debate-before-federal-election.html. live.
  45. News: O'Malley. Kady. Here's what you need to know about tomorrow's French debate. October 2, 2015. Ottawa Citizen. October 1, 2015. October 4, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151004045401/http://ottawacitizen.com/storyline/kady-heres-what-you-need-to-know-about-tomorrows-french-debate. live.
  46. News: Harris. Kathleen. How political operatives dig up dirt to take down candidates. December 28, 2017. CBC News. September 17, 2015. April 4, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180404123135/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-vetting-candidates-media-1.3229594. live.
  47. News: Young. Leslie. How parties vet candidates, and why they sometimes miss important things. December 28, 2017. Global News. September 8, 2015. December 29, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171229053134/https://globalnews.ca/news/2209287/how-parties-vet-candidates-and-why-they-sometimes-miss-important-things/. live.
  48. News: The Canadian Press. Candidates' gaffes show more social media vetting needed, experts say. December 28, 2017. Toronto Star. September 11, 2015. December 29, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171229112411/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/09/11/experts-advice-on-social-media-gaffes-vette-more-but-also-chill-out.html. live.
  49. News: Cullen. Catherine. Political parties look closer at candidates' social media histories after recent gaffes. December 28, 2017. CBC News. September 13, 2015. February 2, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202010803/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-parties-candidates-social-media-gaffes-1.3225871. live.
  50. News: List of candidates, party officials who have made headlines for various gaffes. The Canadian Press. CBC News. September 16, 2015. September 29, 2015. September 28, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150928190836/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-candidates-dropped-gaffes-in-trouble-1.3231366. live.
  51. News: Gilles Guibord no longer Conservative candidate after internet comments surface. CBC News. August 21, 2015. September 29, 2015. September 17, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150917025809/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/gilles-guibord-no-longer-conservative-candidate-after-internet-comments-surface-1.3199158. live.
  52. News: Tory candidate deletes Facebook page after violent and sexist posts come to light. Haydn Watters. CBC News. August 25, 2015. September 29, 2015. October 4, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151004070626/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/wiliam-moughrabi-facebook-violent-sexual-posts-1.3203206. live.
  53. News: Quebec Tory candidate apologizes for trying to draw Nazi-NDP parallel. The Canadian Press. CBC News. August 26, 2015. September 29, 2015. September 17, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150917094257/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/soheil-eid-nazi-ndp-1.3204299. live.
  54. News: Jerry Bance, Conservative caught peeing in mug, no longer candidate, party says. CBC News. September 6, 2015. September 29, 2015. September 28, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150928102511/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/jerry-bance-marketplace-1.3217797. live.
  55. News: 'Peegate' memes flood Twitter after Tory candidate caught urinating in mug. Haydn Watters. CBC News. September 7, 2015. September 29, 2015. September 28, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150928102436/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-peegate-jerry-bance-1.3218157. live.
  56. News: Tim Dutaud 2nd Conservative candidate dropped over embarrassing videos. CBC News. September 7, 2015. September 29, 2015. September 28, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150928102441/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-tim-dutaud-conservative-candidate-unicaller-1.3218162. live.
  57. News: Conservative candidate Blair Dale dropped after remarks about women, abortion surface. CBC News. September 15, 2015. September 29, 2015. September 18, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150918020845/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-blair-dale-newfoundland-cpc-1.3229260. live.
  58. News: 'Old stock Canadians,' egg timer, creepy set top debate's odd moments Moderator David Walmsley's Irish accent and a ringing bell get reaction on social media . . September 17, 2015 . September 21, 2015 . September 20, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150920205404/http://www.cbc.ca/news/trending/canada-election-2015-globe-debate-weird-moments-1.3233233 . live .
  59. News: 'Old-stock Canadians' are those already here, says Harper spokesman . September 21, 2015 . Muise, Monique . Global News . September 18, 2015 . September 21, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150921000119/http://globalnews.ca/news/2228095/old-stock-canadians-are-those-already-here-says-harper-spokesman/ . live .
  60. News: Robert Strickland, Conservative candidate, skewered over Facebook comments. Richard Woodbury. CBC News. October 1, 2015. October 1, 2015. October 2, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151002132859/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/robert-strickland-conservative-candidate-facebook-1.3251729. live.
  61. News: Conservative incumbent Rick Dykstra denies buying vodka for teens at nightclub. The Canadian Press. CBC News. October 1, 2015. October 2, 2015. October 2, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151002132849/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/news/conservative-incumbent-rick-dysktra-denies-buying-vodka-for-teens-at-nightclub-1.3253561. live.
  62. News: Tories dump candidate who touts therapies to turn gay youth straight. Jennifer Ditchburn. CBC News. October 6, 2015. October 6, 2015. October 7, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151007132947/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-conservative-candidate-jagdish-grewal-gay-youth-1.3259324. live.
  63. News: Veiled attack: Muslim-bashing is an effective campaign tactic. October 11, 2015. The Economist. October 10, 2015.
  64. News: Morgan Wheeldon, Kings-Hants NDP candidate, resigns over Israel comments. CBC News. August 10, 2015. September 29, 2015. September 16, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150916192715/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/morgan-wheeldon-kings-hants-ndp-candidate-resigns-over-israel-comments-1.3185485. live.
  65. News: Senior NDP aide to Tom Mulcair apologized for tweets targeting Catholic Church. Colin Perkel. CBC News. September 8, 2015. September 29, 2015. September 17, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150917064538/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-shawn-dearn-ndp-mulcair-twitter-apology-1.3220283. live.
  66. Web site: Mulcair apologizes for 1996 'Newfie' remark at campaign stop in N.L.. CTV News. October 13, 2015. September 20, 2015. Pedwell. Terry. The Canadian Press. October 22, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151022184153/http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/mulcair-apologizes-for-1996-newfie-remark-at-campaign-stop-in-n-l-1.2572207. live.
  67. Web site: Here's Where The NDP-Liberal Battle Could Get Nastiest. The Huffington Post. October 13, 2015. September 19, 2015. Raj. Althia. October 11, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151011132741/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/09/19/winnipeg-centre-pat-martin-robert-falcon-ouellette-_n_8164126.html. live.
  68. News: Steve Lambert . NDP incumbent Pat Martin apologizes for offensive language . The Globe and Mail . September 21, 2015 . October 22, 2015 . September 22, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150922135522/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ndp-incumbent-pat-martin-apologizes-for-offensive-language/article26457675/ . live .
  69. News: NDP candidate Alex Johnstone 'didn't know what Auschwitz was'. The Canadian Press. CBC News. September 23, 2015. September 29, 2015. September 27, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150927135744/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/news/canada-election-2015-ndp-hamilton-alex-johnstone-auschwitz-1.3241065. live.
  70. News: Winnipeg NDP candidate quits over social media posts linking Jewish sect to Taliban. Steve Lambert. CBC News. September 24, 2015. September 29, 2015. September 28, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150928223605/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-ndp-candidate-quits-over-social-media-posts-linking-jewish-sect-to-taliban-1.3243053. live.
  71. News: NDP candidate apologizes for former views on gay marriage, homosexuality. www.cbc.ca. October 13, 2015. October 10, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151010221551/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ndp-candidate-harbaljit-singh-kahlon-same-sex-marriage-polygamy-nudity-1.3261883. live.
  72. News: Liberal Ala Buzreba apologizes, steps down after offensive tweets found. The Canadian Press. CBC News. August 18, 2015. September 29, 2015. September 23, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150923151334/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-ala-buzreba-tweets-1.3195193. live.
  73. News: Joy Davies resigns as Liberal candidate over pro-pot Facebook comments. CBC News. September 10, 2015. September 29, 2015. September 16, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150916192656/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-liberals-social-media-candidates-marijuana-1.3223459. live.
  74. News: Liberal candidate Chris Brown apologizes for offensive booze-fuelled tweets. Kathleen Harris. CBC News. September 10, 2015. September 29, 2015. September 16, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150916192701/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-liberals-social-media-candidates-1.3222690. live.
  75. News: Chris Austin, Liberal candidate, pulled for views 'irreconcilable' with party values. CBC News. September 16, 2015. September 29, 2015. September 20, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150920031848/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-chris-austin-sturgeon-river-parkland-nomination-1.3230350. live.
  76. News: Liberal candidate says Facebook posts questioning 9/11 were her 'truth' at the time. Kathleen Harris. CBC News. September 25, 2015. September 29, 2015. September 29, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150929020033/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-liberal-facebook-candidate-1.3243888. live.
  77. News: Liberal candidate Cheryl Thomas resigns over Facebook comments. CBC News. September 30, 2015. September 30, 2015. October 1, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151001134858/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/cheryl-thomas-liberal-candidate-resigns-1.3251338. live.
  78. News: Kady. O'Malley. Campaign co-chair lobbying email a throwback to the dark days of Liberal scandals past. Ottawa Citizen. October 14, 2015. November 26, 2015. November 17, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151117080501/http://ottawacitizen.com/storyline/kady-campaign-co-chair-lobbying-email-a-throwback-to-the-dark-days-of-liberal-scandals-past. live.
  79. Web site: Elections Canada Online – Third Party Election Advertising Expenses Limits. elections.ca. August 3, 2015. July 18, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150718060744/http://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=pol&document=index&dir=thi%2Flimits&lang=e. live.
  80. Web site: Browse Parties – 2011 General Election. Alice Funke. punditsguide.ca. August 3, 2015. August 25, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150825203414/http://www.punditsguide.ca/parties.php?elec=26. live.
  81. Web site: Elections Canada Online – Expenses Limits. elections.ca. August 3, 2015. July 26, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150726223655/http://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=pol&dir=limits&document=index&lang=e. live.
  82. Web site: Elections Canada Online – Registered Political Party Preliminary Election Expenses Limit . elections.ca . August 10, 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150815055751/http://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=can&dir=part%2Fpollim&document=index&lang=e . August 15, 2015 .
  83. Web site: Elections Canada Online – Preliminary Candidates Election Expenses Limits . elections.ca . August 10, 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150815061116/http://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=can&dir=cand%2Fcanlim&document=index&lang=e . August 15, 2015 .
  84. Web site: Elections Canada Online – The Electoral System of Canada. elections.ca. August 3, 2015. August 20, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150820005709/http://elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=ces&document=part6&lang=e. live.
  85. Web site: Financial Reports: Registered Party Financial Transactions Return. elections.ca. July 30, 2015. August 20, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150820123251/http://elections.ca/WPAPPS/WPF/EN/PP/SelectParties?act=C23&period=1&returntype=1. live.
  86. Web site: NDP fundraising up, Conservatives still ahead. iPolitics. July 30, 2015. Duggan. Kyle. July 30, 2015. October 20, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151020111417/http://ipolitics.ca/2015/07/30/ndp-fundraising-up-conservatives-still-ahead/. live.
  87. News: NDP says $9M raised in 3rd quarter a Canadian record — for now. October 1, 2015. CBC News. October 1, 2015. Dyer. Evan. October 2, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151002132858/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-ndp-fundraising-record-1.3252990. live.
  88. News: Riding analysis shows spending for longer campaign favours Tory candidates. July 27, 2015. CBC News. August 3, 2015. Bryden. Joan. Press. Jordan. The Canadian Press. July 29, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150729233255/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/riding-analysis-shows-spending-for-longer-campaign-favours-tory-candidates-1.3168680. live.
  89. Web site: Elections Canada Online – Contribution limits as of January 1, 2015. elections.ca. August 3, 2015. August 20, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150820000406/http://elections.ca/content.aspx?section=pol&dir=lim%2Fpost2015&document=index&lang=e. live.
  90. Web site: Elections Canada Online – Election advertising handbook for Third Parties, Financial Agents and Auditors (EC 20227) – July 2015 . elections.ca . August 10, 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150815055756/http://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=thi&dir=42ge&document=index&lang=e . August 15, 2015 .
  91. Web site: Elections Canada Online – Limits on Election Advertising Expenses Incurred by Third Parties . elections.ca . August 10, 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150815060115/http://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=thi&dir=thilim&document=index&lang=e . August 15, 2015 .
  92. Web site: Moving trucks at 24 Sussex as Stephen Harper's family heads for Calgary. The Canadian Press. Macleans.ca. October 27, 2015. November 4, 2015. October 29, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151029160155/http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/moving-trucks-at-24-sussex-as-stephen-harpers-family-heads-for-calgary/. live.
  93. Web site: The Canadian Press. Rona Ambrose named interim leader of the Conservative Party of Canada. National Post. November 5, 2015. July 6, 2021.
  94. Web site: Mark your calendars, federal Conservatives: You'll be electing a new leader on May 27, 2017. National Post. January 19, 2016. January 19, 2016. May 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210528122644/https://nationalpost.com/category/news/. live.
  95. Web site: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, new cabinet sworn in at Rideau Hall; Parliament will resume on Dec. 3. CTV News. November 5, 2015. November 4, 2015. Puzic. Sonja. November 4, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151104223240/http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/cabinet-sworn-in-parliament-will-resume-on-dec-3-1.2641761. live.
  96. Lawrence Martin, "Harper’s triumph: a realignment of historic proportions, Globe and Mail May 4, 2011
  97. Andrew Coyne, "The West is in and Ontario has joined it: How the election led to an unprecedented realignment of Canadian politics," Maclean's May 6, 2011
  98. Andrew Coyne, "Liberal comeback unprecedented in Canadian history" National Post Oct 25 2015
  99. Chantal Hébert, "Liberal comeback headed for history books" Toronto Star Oct 20 2015
  100. Spencer McKay, "The Great Liberal Comeback" National Post Oct 29 2015
  101. News: Panetta. Alexander. World leaders congratulate Justin Trudeau on his win. October 23, 2015. Toronto Star. October 20, 2015. October 22, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151022223933/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/10/20/world-leaders-congratulate-justin-trudeau-on-his-win.html. live.
  102. News: The Canadian Press. Germany Welcomes Trudeau Participation On Climate Change, Diplomacy. October 24, 2015. Huffington Post Canada. October 23, 2015. October 24, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151024133112/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/10/23/germany-welcomes-trudeau-participation-on-climate-change-diplomacy_n_8373144.html. live.
  103. Web site: PM Modi speaks to Mr. Trudeau – invites him to visit India. News and Events. High Commission of India, Ottawa. October 23, 2015. October 21, 2015. November 20, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151120041733/http://www.hciottawa.ca/press_detail.php?nid=61. live.
  104. Web site: Readout of the President's Call with Prime Minister-Designate Justin Trudeau of Canada. October 23, 2015. National Archives. whitehouse.gov. October 20, 2015. February 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170216140405/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/10/20/readout-presidents-call-prime-minister-designate-justin-trudeau-canada. live.
  105. Web site: Justin Trudeau signals new style in 1st address as Canada's 23rd prime minister. November 4, 2015. CBC News. November 4, 2015. Harris. Kathleen. November 4, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151104221759/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-trudeau-liberal-cabinet-ministers-1.3302743. live.
  106. Web site: Members of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's new cabinet sworn in. 680 NEWS. November 4, 2015. November 4, 2015. November 6, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151106233846/http://www.680news.com/2015/11/04/members-of-prime-minister-justin-trudeaus-new-cabinet-sworn-in/. live.
  107. Web site: Full list of Justin Trudeau's cabinet. November 4, 2015. CBC News. November 4, 2015. April 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190403163026/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/full-list-of-justin-trudeau-s-cabinet-1.3300699. live.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "2015 Canadian federal election".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.