Campylobacterota Explained

Campylobacterota are a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria.[1] Only a few genera have been characterized, including the curved to spirilloid Wolinella, Helicobacter, and Campylobacter. Until the 2021 revision of bacterial taxonomy by the ICSP,[2] the entire phylum was classified within the Proteobacteria (synonym Pseudomonadota) as the Epsilonproteobacteria.[3]

Most of the known species inhabit the digestive tracts of animals and serve as symbionts (Wolinella spp. in cattle) or pathogens (Helicobacter spp. in the stomach, Campylobacter spp. in the duodenum). However, numerous environmental sequences and isolates of Campylobacterota have been recovered from hydrothermal vents and cold seep habitats. Examples of isolates include Sulfurimonas autotrophica,[4] Sulfurimonas paralvinellae,[5] Sulfurovum lithotrophicum[6] and Nautilia profundicola.[7] A member of the phylum Campylobacterota occurs as an endosymbiont in the large gills of the deepwater sea snail Alviniconcha hessleri.[8]

Many Campylobacterota are motile with flagella.[9] The Campylobacterota found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents characteristically exhibit chemolithotrophy, meeting their energy needs by oxidizing reduced sulfur, formate, or hydrogen coupled to the reduction of nitrate or oxygen.[10] Autotrophic Campylobacterota use the reverse Krebs cycle to fix carbon dioxide into biomass, a pathway originally thought to be of little environmental significance. The oxygen sensitivity of this pathway is consistent with their microaerophilic or anaerobic niche in these environments, and their likely evolution in the Mesoproterozoic oceans,[11] which are thought to have been sulfidic with low levels of oxygen available from cyanobacterial photosynthesis.[12]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[13] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[14]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov . 2009-03-19.
  2. Web site: Robitzski . Dan . Newly Renamed Prokaryote Phyla Cause Uproar . The Scientist . LabX Media Group . 17 February 2024.
  3. Book: Berman . Jules . Taxonomic Guide to Infectious Diseases . 2019 . Elsevier . 39–119 . 2 . 17 February 2024.
  4. 10.1099/ijs.0.02682-0 . 1466-5026 . 53 . 6 . 1801–1805 . Inagaki . F. . Sulfurimonas autotrophica gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel sulfur-oxidizing -proteobacterium isolated from hydrothermal sediments in the Mid-Okinawa Trough . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . 2003-11-01 . 14657107.
  5. 10.1099/ijs.0.64255-0 . 1466-5026 . 56 . 8 . 1725–1733 . Takai . K. . Sulfurimonas paralvinellae sp. nov., a novel mesophilic, hydrogen- and sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotroph within the Epsilonproteobacteria isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaete nest, reclassification of Thiomicrospira denitrificans as Sulfurimonas denitrificans comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Sulfurimonas . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . 2006-08-01 . 16901999 . free.
  6. 10.1099/ijs.0.03042-0 . 1466-5026 . 54 . 5 . 1477–1482 . Inagaki . Fumio . Ken Takai . Kenneth H. Nealson . Koki Horikoshi . Sulfurovum lithotrophicum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotroph within the ε-Proteobacteria isolated from Okinawa Trough hydrothermal sediments . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . 2004-09-01 . 15388698. free.
  7. Julie L. Smith . Barbara J. Campbell . Thomas E. Hanson . Chuanlun L. Zhang . S. Craig Cary . 2008 . Nautilia profundicola sp. nov., a thermophilic, sulfur-reducing epsilonproteobacterium from deep-sea hydrothermal vents . . 58 . 7 . 1598–1602 . 18599701 . 10.1099/ijs.0.65435-0. 12751566 .
  8. Suzuki . Yohey . Sasaki . Takenori . Suzuki . Masae . Nogi . Yuichi . Miwa . Tetsuya . Takai . Ken . Nealson . Kenneth H. . Horikoshi . Koki . 2005 . Novel Chemoautotrophic Endosymbiosis between a Member of the Epsilonproteobacteria and the Hydrothermal-Vent Gastropod Alviniconcha aff. hessleri (Gastropoda: Provannidae) from the Indian Ocean . 10.1128/AEM.71.9.5440-5450.2005 . 16151136 . . 71 . 9. 5440–5450 . 1214688 . 2005ApEnM..71.5440S .
  9. Beeby . M . Motility in the epsilon-proteobacteria. . Current Opinion in Microbiology . December 2015 . 28 . 115–21 . 10.1016/j.mib.2015.09.005 . 26590774. 10044/1/27763 . free .
  10. Applied and Environmental Microbiology . 2005 . 71 . 11 . 7310–7320 . Ken . Takai . 10.1128/aem.71.11.7310-7320.2005. etal . 16269773 . 1287660. 2005ApEnM..71.7310T .
  11. Campbell. Barbara J.. Engel. Annette Summers. Annette Summers Engel. Porter. Megan L.. Takai. Ken. 2006-05-02. The versatile ε-proteobacteria: key players in sulphidic habitats. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 4. 6. 458–468. 10.1038/nrmicro1414. 1740-1526. 16652138. 10479314.
  12. 10.1126/science.1069651. 297. 5584. 1137–1142. Anbar. A. D.. A. H. Knoll. Proterozoic Ocean Chemistry and Evolution: A Bioinorganic Bridge?. Science. 2002-08-16. 12183619. 10.1.1.615.3041. 2002Sci...297.1137A. 5578019.
  13. Web site: A.C. Parte. Campylobacterota. 2023-09-09. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). et al..
  14. Web site: Sayers. Campylobacterota. 2023-09-09. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. et al..
  15. Web site: The LTP . 20 November 2023.
  16. Web site: LTP_all tree in newick format. 20 November 2023.
  17. Web site: LTP_08_2023 Release Notes. 20 November 2023.
  18. Web site: GTDB release 08-RS214 . Genome Taxonomy Database. 10 May 2023.
  19. Web site: bac120_r214.sp_label . Genome Taxonomy Database. 10 May 2023.
  20. Web site: Taxon History . Genome Taxonomy Database. 10 May 2023.

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