Camp Shorabak Explained

Camp Shorabak
Native Name:کمپ شورابک
Nearest Town:Gereshk, Helmand Province
Country:Afghanistan
Coordinates:31.8517°N 64.1978°W
Pushpin Map:Afghanistan
Pushpin Map Caption:Shown within Afghanistan
Pushpin Label:OAZI
Ownership:Ministry of Defense
Operator:Afghan Armed Forces
Used:2005–present
Past Commanders:RAF Group Captain Tony Innes, Commander Bastion and Commanding Officer 903 Expeditionary Air Wing.[1]
Iata:OAZ
Icao:OAZI
Elevation:2915feet
R1-Number:01/19
R1-Length:3500m (11,500feet)
R1-Surface:Concrete/Asphalt
H1-Number:HLS 01/19
H1-Length:500m (1,600feet)
H1-Surface:Concrete
Footnotes:[2] Garrison of 11,000–12,000 troops.[3] Could hold over 28,000/ 32,000 troops.[4]
Airfield Sources: AIP Afghanistan,[5] DoD FLIP[6]

Camp Shorabak (formerly Camp Bastion) is a former British Army airbase, located northwest of the city of Lashkargah in Helmand Province, Afghanistan. The camp was situated in a remote desert area, far from population centres.

The camp was built by the British Army in 2005-06, and on 27 October 2014 the British Army handed over control to the Afghan Ministry of Defense. Between 2005 and October 2014 it was the logistics hub for International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) operations in Helmand during the War in Afghanistan and Operation Herrick,[7] [8] and it was capable of accommodating over 32,000 people.[4] It was the largest British overseas military camp built since the Second World War.[9] The base was also home to troops from other states, including the United States and Denmark.[10]

Shorabak contained the Afghan National Army (ANA) camp (also called Camp Shorabak), and also held Camp Leatherneck until 2014.[9]

The Taliban took control of Afghanistan in July–August 2021; the camp is now under control by the Taliban.[11]

History

Camp Shorabak was known as Camp Bastion until 2014. It was a tactical landing zone set up by two air traffic controllers from the Royal Air Force's Tactical Air Traffic Control Unit. This provided a vital and strategic insertion point in Helmand Province during the western intervention in the War in Afghanistan.

The camp started out with just a few tents in 2005.[9] However, from early 2006 personnel from 39 Engineer Regiment Royal Engineers and various contracting firms, all under the supervision of 62 Works Group Royal Engineers started to build the base with more robust facilities. In November 2006, the then British Prime Minister Tony Blair visited Camp Bastion, and, while addressing a gathering of British troops, described it as an "extraordinary piece of desert ... where the fate of world security in the early 21st century is going to be decided".[12]

Four miles long by two miles wide, the camp had a busy airfield and a field hospital and originally had full accommodation for 2,000 people.[13]

The base was originally named by the Commanding Officer of 62 Works Group (RE) based upon name of the gabions used to form the compounds walls; Hesco Bastion.[14] The first camp to be built was Camp 251 which housed the construction force and they were housed in tents.[15] The first runway capable of handling C-17s direct from the United Kingdom opened in Camp Bastion on 3 December 2007.

The base had previously been divided into a number of different sections (bastions). Bastions 1 and 2 were the first, with Bastion 2 containing Camp Barber (US) and Camp Viking (DK). Bastion 0 was added in around 2010 and housed the contractors and Bastion 3 was used for in-theatre training.

Camp Bastion included Bastion Airfield, Bastion Garrison and Camp Leatherneck[16] along with Rowe Lines.[17]

By September 2014 it was reported that both Bastion 2 and 3 had reverted to desert.[15]

Camp Bastion airfield and heliport handled up to 600 fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft movements every day in 2011, operating combat, medical and logistics flights.[7] Its air traffic controllers were integral to the support of the UK's operations in southern Afghanistan and the Air Traffic Control Squadron at Camp Bastion was the first to recruit and train US Marines to UK air traffic control standards.[18]

In February 2014, snow fell in Camp Bastion for the first time since the base was established, eight years earlier.[19]

The camp was handed over to the control of the Afghan security forces on 26 October 2014.[8] [20]

On 27 November 2014, insurgents infiltrated Camp Bastion. As of Sunday 30 November, the Afghan National Army had not fully driven out the "Taliban" fighters. At least five ANA soldiers were killed in the attack.[21]

Upon completion of British and US military withdrawal from Camp Bastion, it was renamed Camp Shorabak as this was the name of the Afghan base situated there.

In December 2015, it was announced that a small contingency of British troops would return to Camp Shorabak in an advisory role, due to the Taliban overrun of Sangin district in Helmand province.[22]

The base was initially home to the Afghan National Army and during Operation Herrick 7 2nd Battalion, the Yorkshire Regiment's Battlegroup HQ.

Before the 2021 Taliban takeover, home to 4th Kandak, 3rd Brigade, 205th Corps.

The ring road, watchtowers and large parts of Bastion I still remain to be maintained.[23]

United Kingdom

Aviation

The main user of the camp was the United Kingdom which based a number of rotary and a few fixed-wing aircraft.

During June 2011 a brand new air traffic control tower was opened[24] which was built by 170 Engineer Group, with Fixed Communications Infrastructure installed by 241 Sig Sqn, 10 Sig Regt.[25]

The main aviation unit was No. 903 Expeditionary Air Wing[26] which was responsible for the operation of the airfield and operated the Raytheon Sentinel R1 - Airborne Stand-Off Radar (ASTOR)[27] along with Westland Sea King ASACs and Thales Watchkeepers.

Joint Helicopter Force (Afghanistan) operated AgustaWestland Apaches, Westland Lynx, Westland Sea Kings, Boeing Chinooks of No. 1310 Flight RAF and AgustaWestland Merlins of No. 1419 Flight RAF. Both RAF Flights performed troop and cargo moves but the Chinook also carried the Medical Emergency Response Team (MERT) and Incident Response Teams (IRT).

Ground based

The UK had a large number of major units based here:

A number of smaller units were also deployed here including:

The base was protected by the Bastion Force Protection Wing as part of the multi-national Task Force Belleau Wood.[31]

During August 2013 the Headquarters of Task Force Helmand moved from Lashkar Gah to Bastion.[32]

In 2013, a training school for Afghan troops was opened.[33]

By March 2014, the population of the camp had reduced to 4,000 UK service personnel, as preparations were well-underway for UK military withdrawal from Helmand[34] in October 2014.[20]

During the dismantling of the base the scrap metal was taken away by ProCon Building Materials Trading LLC.[35]

United States

The United States Military used part of Bastion Airfield for their aircraft and they had their own camp within Camp Bastion until 26 October 2014.

The last unit was the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (Forward) which began operating from April 2014. It consisted of:

Marine Wing Suppprt Squadron-371(February 2009-October) laid aluminum matting in Camp Bastion and throughout Helmand Province.

On 14 September 2012 Camp Bastion was attacked by a unit of 15 Taliban fighters. The base was defended by pilots and aircraft maintenance personnel from Marine Attack Squadron 211 and No. 51 Squadron RAF Regiment. Base security had been reduced in the weeks leading up to the attack, and the Taliban unit was able to damage or destroy eight USMC AV-8B Harrier II jets before all were killed or captured. Two Marines died in the fighting.[38] [39]

Other countries

While the base was run by the United Kingdom, Camp Bastion was used by a number of other countries including Denmark (until 20 May 2014), Estonia (until 9 May 2014) and Tonga (until 28 April 2014).

Hospital

Camp Bastion's Hospital was built by 170 Engineer Group[25] and was operated by regular and reserve personnel of the British Army, Royal Navy, and Royal Air Force of the Joint Force Medical Group,[40] as well as medical assets from the US Army. Medical staff included orthopaedic surgeons, general surgeons, anaesthetists, nurses and medics. The hospital was the location to which wounded military personnel from the British, US and other ISAF forces in Helmand Province were evacuated from the battlefield for treatment, supported by US Army, Navy, and Air Force medics, or from which they were further evacuated to the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham. Afghan civilians were also treated at the hospital for injuries sustained in war including victims of improvised explosive device attacks.[41] The hospital was closed down on 22 September 2014.[42]

A number of units were deployed to Afghanistan and worked at the hospital:[43]

Accidents and incidents

See main article: September 2012 Camp Bastion raid. The base has been attacked several times including on 14 September 2012, when two United States Marine Corps (USMC) service personnel were killed[44] and six USMC McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier IIs were destroyed and two were "significantly damaged." Three refuelling stations were also destroyed, with six soft-skin aircraft hangars damaged. Of the 15 Taliban attackers, 14 were killed and 1 captured.[45] [46]

In May 2013 the BBC obtained documents showing that up to 85 Afghan nationals were being detained at Camp Shorabak.[47] Philip Hammond, the then defence secretary, confirmed that the UK was holding "80 or 90 Afghan detainees" at the base.[48] The Ministry of Defence maintains the detention of the Afghans is legal.[48]

On 1 March 2019, Taliban suicide bombers and gunmen made an early morning attack on Afghan forces at Camp Shorabak, killing 23, following another round of talks between U.S. and Taliban negotiators.[49] According to an American military spokesman, U.S. Marine advisers (who suffered no casualties) helped Afghan troops repel the attack.[50]

Commanders

In media

Camp Shorabak has been featured in several documentaries, often focusing on medical evacuations.

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Change Of Command For CO 903 EAW At Camp Bastion . 7 February 2013 . Royal Air Force (RAF) . 4 February 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130207031139/http://www.raf.mod.uk/news/archive/change-of-command-for-co-903-eaw-at-camp-bastion-04022013 . February 7, 2013 .
  2. http://aerobaticsweb.org/cgi-bin/search_apt?OAZI Airport record for Camp Bastion Airport
  3. Web site: Camp Bastion Army Base . Army Technology.
  4. Web site: Dismantling Camp Bastion. YouTube. https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/BfZoH0NlflI . 2021-12-21 . live.
  5. Web site: 2021-05-20 . Aeronautical Information Publication Republic of Afghanistan Part 3 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210903202208/https://acaa.gov.af/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AERODROME-EDITION-91.pdf . 2021-09-03 . 2022-08-26 . acaa.gov.af . 62–86 . 91.
  6. Book: DoD Flight Information Publication (Enroute) - Supplement Eastern Europe and Asia. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. 2017. St. Louis, Missouri. B-15.
  7. News: Camp Bastion doubles in size. 14 September 2012. MoD (UK). 18 May 2010.
  8. News: UK base in Afghanistan handed over. BBC News Online. 26 October 2014. 26 October 2014.
  9. Web site: Bye-bye Bastion. Ministry of Defence (MoD (UK)). 27 October 2014.
  10. News: Commander Bastion takes charge of UK's main Helmand base and its airfield. 14 September 2012. MoD (UK). 18 October 2010.
  11. Web site: Bitter blow: UK's former hub in Afghanistan captured by Taliban . Business Standard India . 13 August 2021.
  12. News: Bleak Camp Bastion - and a vision of roses and saffron. 25 September 2007. The Guardian. 21 November 2006. Patrick Wintour.
  13. News: Camp Bastion: Welcome to Helmand. 25 September 2007. The Independent. 3 December 2006. Raymond Whitaker. 22 September 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070922214437/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/article2030798.ece. dead.
  14. Web site: Inside Camp Bastion. www.theguardian.com. 15 August 2011. Guardian news. 3 October 2014.
  15. Web site: How to Close Camp Bastion. Forces TV. 20 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141011024307/http://forces.tv/60674482. 11 October 2014. dead.
  16. Web site: 903 Expeditionary Air Wing. RAF. 1 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131005020006/http://www.raf.mod.uk/83eag/903eaw/index.cfm. 5 October 2013. dead.
  17. Web site: WAR STORY: STUDIES OF CAMP BASTION AND MAIN OPERATING BASE LASHKAR GAH DURING OPERATION HERRICK XVI, AUGUST 2012. IWM. 14 August 2021.
  18. News: IN PICTURES: New runway takes shape at Camp Bastion . http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100503183652/http://www.mod.uk:80/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/EstateAndEnvironment/InPicturesNewRunwayTakesShapeAtCampBastion.htm . dead . 3 May 2010 . 1 June 2011 . MoD (UK) . 27 July 2007 .
  19. Web site: Troops under attack - from snow. 3 February 2014. Irish Independent. 8 August 2014.
  20. Drwiega, Andrew. "Combat Operations Cease from Camp Bastion-Leatherneck " Aviation Today, 28 October 2014. Accessed: 29 October 2014.
  21. News: Taliban Overrun an Afghan Army Base. The New York Times. 29 November 2014. 24 July 2016. Goldstein. Joseph. Nordland. Rod.
  22. News: Afghanistan Taliban: British military deployed to Helmand. BBC News. 22 December 2015. 2015-12-23.
  23. Web site: Back To Bastion: Returning Four Years After British Troops Left Afghanistan . https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/1-uxOzTZ8iA . 2021-12-21 . live. Youtube . Forces TV.
  24. Web site: New control tower for Bastion Airfield. MoD (UK). 28 February 2014.
  25. News: Beeston army engineers in homecoming parade. BBC News. 5 December 2014. 5 December 2014.
  26. Web site: 903 Expeditionary Air Wing . RAF . 11 March 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150318060757/http://www.raf.mod.uk/83eag/903eaw/ . 2015-03-18 . dead .
  27. Web site: 903 EAW 5(AC) Sqn - ASTOR. RAF. 4 December 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213701/http://www.raf.mod.uk/83eag/903eaw/astor.cfm. 4 October 2013. dead.
  28. Web site: WAR STORY: STUDIES OF CAMP BASTION AND MAIN OPERATING BASE LASHKAR GAH DURING OPERATION HERRICK XVI, AUGUST 2012. IWM. 14 August 2021.
  29. Web site: WAR STORY: STUDIES OF CAMP BASTION AND MAIN OPERATING BASE LASHKAR GAH DURING OPERATION HERRICK XVI, AUGUST 2012. IWM. 14 August 2021.
  30. Web site: Handover of UK headquarters team in Afghanistan. MoD (UK). 2 December 2013.
  31. News: RAF protecting Camp Bastion. 17 September 2012. MoD (UK). 25 June 2012.
  32. News: British headquarters in Afghanistan moves to Camp Bastion. BBC News. 19 August 2013. 1 October 2013.
  33. News: 12 October 2013. Afghan Army trained by British troops. The Daily Star. Manchester, UK.
  34. Web site: Saying goodbye to Camp Bastion. BBC News Online. 17 March 2014. 8 August 2014.
  35. Web site: FoI Request. MoD. 27 October 2015.
  36. Book: AirForces Monthly. July 2014. Key Publishing Ltd. Stamford, Lincolnshire, England. 25.
  37. Web site: Marine Wing Support Squadron 372 transfers authority to MWSS-274 as last wing support unit in Afghanistan. DVIDS. 30 June 2014.
  38. Web site: Camp Bastion assault: Details emerge of Taliban attack . BBC News . 24 September 2012.
  39. News: A Taliban fighter survived the attack on Afghanistan's Camp Bastion. Will he get the death penalty? . Washington Post.
  40. News: RAF Chinooks continue operations In Afghanistan - Tactical and Strategic Aeromedical Evacuation. 19 September 2012. Boeing.
  41. Web site: Army medics in Afghanistan National Army Museum . www.nam.ac.uk . en.
  42. Web site: Forces medics bid farewell to Bastion. MoD (UK). 29 October 2014.
  43. http://www.qaranc.co.uk/pdf/history-Camp-Bastion-Hospital-the-two-hospitals-unit-deployments-David-Vassallo.PDF
  44. News: US marines killed in Afghan attack on Camp Bastion, Lt. Col. Christopher K. Raible, 40, of Huntingdon, Pa., and Sgt. Bradley W. Atwell, 27, of Kokomo, Ind.. 16 September 2012. British Broadcasting Corporation. 15 September 2012.
  45. News: ISAF provides additional details on Camp Bastion attack. 17 September 2012. International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). 16 September 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120919040457/http://www.isaf.nato.int/article/isaf-releases/isaf-provides-additional-details-on-camp-bastion-attack.html. 19 September 2012.
  46. Also, this article in the Guardian, April 2014
  47. Web site: Casciani. Dominic. Afghans 'unlawfully held' by UK forces at Camp Bastion. BBC News Online. 29 May 2013. Coleman, Clive. London. 29 May 2013.
  48. Web site: Afghans 'Detained Illegally' At Camp Bastion, Lawyers Claim. The Huffington Post. 29 May 2013. 29 May 2013.
  49. News: Taliban Attack Afghan Army Base During Lull in Peace Talks, Deadly clash shows violence isn't abating despite negotiations to end 17-year war . Nelson. Craig. The Wall Street Journal. 2019-03-02. en-US.
  50. News: Taliban fighters try to storm base in Helmand province housing US Marines and Afghan forces. Snow. Shawn. Marine Corps Times. 2019-03-02. en-US.
  51. Web site: RAF Boulmer station boss lands top role in Afghanistan. Northumberland Gazette. 27 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170328195153/http://www.northumberlandgazette.co.uk/news/raf-boulmer-station-boss-lands-top-role-in-afghanistan-1-4485683. 28 March 2017. dead.
  52. Web site: New Commander Bastion. RAF. 27 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170328105425/http://www.raf.mod.uk/news/archive.cfm?storyid=7A9A5541-5056-A318-A823A6FFAFE5592B. 28 March 2017. dead.
  53. News: The Air Hospital. 18 September 2012. Channel 4. 25 March 2010.
  54. News: TV programme showcases military medics' work in Helmand. 19 September 2012. MoD (UK). 18 November 2011.
  55. News: Extraordinary Dogs . 19 September 2012 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111112192315/http://documentarychannel.com/movie.php?currID=9936&t=Extraordinary-Dogs%3A-Defense . November 12, 2011 .
  56. Web site: Prince Harry: Frontline Afghanistan . BBC Three. 11 March 2013.
  57. Web site: Gary Barlow: Journey To Afghanistan. 23 December 2013. 8 August 2014. 26 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141026235736/http://www.itv.com/presscentre/ep1week52/gary-barlow-journey-afghanistan#.UrjJ2B69KSM. dead.
  58. Web site: What's in store this week on Top Gear?. BBC - Top Gear. 9 February 2014.
  59. Web site: The Billion Pound Base: Dismantling Camp Bastion. Channel 4. 7 December 2014.
  60. Web site: Abingdon woman soldier back from Afghanistan features in television documentary on the 'Road Warriors'. 11 March 2010 . Herald Series. 9 August 2021.

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