| Camilla, Georgia | |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Mapsize: | 250px |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | United States |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Name1: | Georgia |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Mitchell |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | Kelvin M. Owens |
| Unit Pref: | Imperial |
| Area Footnotes: | [1] |
| Area Total Km2: | 17.13 |
| Area Land Km2: | 17.10 |
| Area Water Km2: | 0.03 |
| Area Total Sq Mi: | 6.62 |
| Area Land Sq Mi: | 6.60 |
| Area Water Sq Mi: | 0.01 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Footnotes: | [2] |
| Population Total: | 5187 |
| Population Density Km2: | 303.34 |
| Population Density Sq Mi: | 785.67 |
| Timezone: | Eastern (EST) |
| Utc Offset: | -5 |
| Timezone Dst: | EDT |
| Utc Offset Dst: | -4 |
| Coordinates: | 31.2303°N -84.2092°W |
| Elevation M: | 54 |
| Elevation Ft: | 177 |
| Postal Code Type: | ZIP code |
| Postal Code: | 31730 |
| Area Code: | 229 |
| Blank Name: | FIPS code |
| Blank Info: | 13-12624[3] |
| Blank1 Name: | GNIS feature ID |
| Blank1 Info: | 0331312[4] |
Camilla is a city in Mitchell County, Georgia, United States, and is its county seat.[5] As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 5,187,[2] down from 5,360 in 2010.
The city was incorporated in 1858.[6] The name "Camilla" was chosen in honor of the granddaughter of Henry Mitchell, a Revolutionary War general for whom Mitchell County was named.[7]
Camilla and Mitchell County were originally Creek country, surrendered to the United States in the 1814 Treaty of Fort Jackson. Georgia divided the land ceded by Native Americans into lots to be given away in land lotteries. The lottery of 1820 awarded lands covering much of the southwest section of the state (applying only to land south of the future Lee County line and extending west to the Chattahoochee River and east to settled counties in east Georgia), including the area later known as Mitchell County. Despite having access to free land, few people moved to the region. Citizens hesitated to improve land, according to an early twentieth-century history the region "which God Almighty had left in an unfinished condition." It took approximately forty years (1820–1857) for the area to obtain its necessary legal population to become a separate county, after which Camilla became the county seat.[8]
In the early 2000s, the city was hit by two disastrous sets of tornadoes, both occurring in the dark hours of the early morning and both going through roughly the same area. The first outbreak was on February 14, 2000;[9] the second was on March 20, 2003.[10]
See main article: Camilla massacre. Camilla became the site of a racially-motivated political white-on-black riot on Saturday, September 19, 1868. Determined to promote political and social reform with an organized rally, 150[8] –300 freedmen, along with Republican political candidates, marched toward the town's courthouse square for the rally. The local sheriff and "citizens committee" in the majority-white town warned the black and white activists of the impending violence and demanded that they forfeit their guns, even though carrying weapons was customary at the time. The marchers refused to give up their guns and continued to the courthouse square, where a group of local whites, quickly deputized by the sheriff, fired upon them. This assault forced the Republicans and freedmen to retreat as locals gave chase into the swamps, killing an estimated nine to fifteen of the black rally participants while wounding forty others. "Whites proceeded through the countryside over the next two weeks, beating and warning Negroes that they would be killed if they tried to vote in the coming election."[11] The Camilla massacre was the culmination of smaller acts of violence committed by white inhabitants that had plagued southwest Georgia since the end of the Civil War.[8] (pp. 1–2)
On July 23, 1962, a group of civil rights activists tried to visit fellow demonstrators from Albany, Georgia, who had been jailed in Camilla. While the rally took place, Marion King, wife of Albany Movement's vice president Slater King, was beaten to the ground and kicked by Camilla police guards until she was unconscious. Mrs. King was pregnant at the time and had her young children with her. She suffered a miscarriage after the ordeal.[12] The 2012 song "Camilla" from the eponymous album by Caroline Herring pays a tribute to Mrs. King's memory.[13]
Camilla is located in central Mitchell County at (31.230243, −84.209102).[14] U.S. Route 19 is the main highway through the city, passing east of the downtown. US 19 leads north to Albany and southeast to Thomasville. State Routes 37 and 112 pass through the center of Camilla as Broad Street. Route 37 leads east to Moultrie and northwest 10miles to Newton, while Route 112 leads northeast to Sylvester and south to Cairo. State Route 97 leads southwest from Camilla to Bainbridge.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of, of which 0.01sqmi, or 0.20%, are water.[1]
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Camilla has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[15] Camilla has a relatively wet climate with high precipitation year-round, as typical of the eastern United States. Its southerly latitude in Georgia causes a greater tropical influence resulting in very mild winters in comparison with Atlanta for example.
| White (non-Hispanic) | 1,148 | 22.13% | |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 3,781 | 72.89% | |
| Native American | 6 | 0.12% | |
| Asian | 38 | 0.73% | |
| Other/Mixed | 103 | 1.99% | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 111 | 2.14% |
The Mitchell County School District holds grades pre-school to grade twelve, and consists of one elementary school that’s in Baconton GA, a middle school, a high school,and one charter school.[17] The district has 176 full-time teachers and over 2,855 students.[18] The Mitchell County Head Start Center opened in 2001. District schools include:
Andersonville Theological Seminary has its headquarters based in Camilla. The distance education seminary is accredited through the Association of Independent Christian College and Seminaries.[19] The seminary's headquarters consists of two administrative buildings.[20]
The legislative authority of the government of the City of Camilla is vested in the six-member Council. Council members serve for terms of four years and until their respective successors are elected and qualified. Three members are elected from and by the voters of Council District No. 1, and three members are elected from and by the voters of Council District No. 2.