Klebsiella granulomatis explained

Klebsiella granulomatis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Klebsiella[1] known to cause the sexually transmitted infection granuloma inguinale (or donovanosis). It was formerly called Calymmatobacterium granulomatis.[2]

It is a non-motile aerobic bacillus with a non-sporulated capsule measuring 0.5 to 2.0 μm.[3] [4] It is biochemically characterised by being as catalase-positive, phenylalanine deaminase-negative, citrate test-positive, and urease-positive.[5] Among its virulence factors are its capsule, endotoxins, siderophores, antimicrobial resistance and antigenic phase variation.[6]

Incubation period

The incubation period lasts around 50 days, may vary between 1 and 12 weeks.[7]

Epidemiology

This rare form of genital ulceration is on the verge of being eradicated worldwide. There are currently alarming figures in areas such as India, Papua New Guinea, the Caribbean, South America, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa and Australia.[8]

Thanks to the recognition as a public health problem and appropriate control measures such as the implementation of better health service provisions, the incidence of this microorganism in countries such as Papua New Guinea, South Africa, India and the Caribbean has decreased significantly.

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Ryan KJ, Ray CG . Sherris Medical Microbiology . 4th . McGraw Hill . 2004 . 978-0-8385-8529-0 . 370 .
  2. O'Farrell N . Donovanosis . Sexually Transmitted Infections . 78 . 6 . 452–7 . December 2002 . 12473810 . 1758360 . 10.1136/sti.78.6.452 .
  3. Richens J . The diagnosis and treatment of donovanosis (granuloma inguinale) . Genitourinary Medicine . 67 . 6 . 441–52 . December 1991 . 1774048 . 1194766 . 10.1136/sti.67.6.441 .
  4. Liverani CA, Lattuada D, Mangano S, Pignatari C, Puglia D, Monti E, Bolis G . Hypertrophic donavanosis in a young pregnant woman . English . Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology . 25 . 4 . e81-3 . August 2012 . 22840941 . 10.1016/j.jpag.2011.10.002 .
  5. Mesia JM, Jáuregui JS, Arias PP . May 2007 . Donovanosis, case report. Revista Mexicana de Coloproctologí . 13 . 59–65 . medigraphic Artemisa en lÌnea .
  6. Book: Stoner, Bradley P. . vanc . Klebsiella granulomatis: Granuloma Inguinale . 2018-01-01 . http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323401814001390 . Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases . fifth . 823–824.e1 . Long . Sarah S. . Prober . Charles G. . Fischer . Marc . Elsevier . 10.1016/b978-0-323-40181-4.00139-0 . 978-0-323-40181-4 .
  7. Dorado JS, Montes JO, Espinar CP, Ezcurra MM . 2014-03-01 . Protocolo diagnóstico y terapéutico de las úlceras genitales . Diagnostic and therapeutic protocol of genital ulcers . Spanish . Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado . Enfermedades infecciosas (III): Infecciones por espiroquetas, borrelias, chlamydias y micoplasmas . 11 . 51 . 3024–3028 . 10.1016/S0304-5412(14)70733-4 .
  8. Book: Dixit P, Kotra LP . Calymmatobacterium Granulomatis Infections . January 2007 . xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference . 1–4 . Enna SJ, Kotra LP, Bylund DB . Elsevier . 10.1016/b978-008055232-3.60880-3 . 978-0-08-055232-3 .

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