Callicarpa Explained

Callicarpa (beautyberry) is a genus of shrubs and small trees in the family Lamiaceae.^{[1] [2] [3]} They are native to east and southeast Asia (where the majority of the species occur), Australia, Madagascar, south-eastern North America and South America.^{[4] [5] [6] [7] [8]}

Growth

The temperate species are deciduous, the tropical species evergreen. The leaves are simple, opposite, and 5–25 cm long. The flowers are in clusters, white to pinkish. The fruit is a berry, 2–5 mm diameter and pink to red-purple with a highly distinctive metallic lustre, are very conspicuous in clusters on the bare branches after the leaves fall. The berries last well into the winter or dry season and are an important survival food for birds and other animals, though they will not eat them until other sources are depleted. The berries are highly astringent but are made into wine and jelly. Callicarpa species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species in Asia including Endoclita malabaricus and Endoclita undulifer.

Familiar species

American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana) is native to the southeastern United States.^[9] It can typically reach 1 to 2 meters in height. A jelly can be made from its ripe berries.

Ornamental varieties of Callicarpa americana have been bred to have pink or white berries.

• Bodinier's beautyberry (Callicarpa bodinieri), native to west-central China (Sichuan, Hubei, Shaanxi), is more cold-tolerant than C. americana, and is the species most widely cultivated in northwestern Europe. It can reach 3 meters tall.
• Japanese beautyberry (Callicarpa japonica), native to Japan, is also cultivated in gardens. It is called Murasakishikibu in Japanese, in honor of Murasaki Shikibu.
• Purple beautyberry (Callicarpa dichotoma), native to Japan, China, and Korea.

Uses

Insect repellent

American beautyberry has been used as a folk remedy to prevent mosquito bites.^[10] Four chemicals isolated from Callicarpa have been shown to act as insect repellents: borneol,^[11] callicarpenal, intermedeol, and spathulenol.^[12] The use of callicarpenal has been patented by the United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Research Service as a mosquito repellent.^[13]

Species

Accepted species^[4]

1. Callicarpa aculeolata Schauer - Dominican Republic
2. Callicarpa acuminata Kunth - Latin America from Mexico to Bolivia
3. Callicarpa acutidens Schauer - Vietnam
4. Callicarpa acutifolia C.H.Chang - Guangxi, Guangdong
5. Callicarpa albidotomentella Merr. - Luzon
6. Callicarpa alongensis Dop - Vietnam
7. Callicarpa americana L. - southeastern United States from Texas to Maryland; Cuba, Bermuda, Bahamas
8. Callicarpa ampla Schauer - Puerto Rico
9. Callicarpa angusta Schauer - Philippines
10. Callicarpa angustifolia King & Gamble - Indochina, southern China
11. Callicarpa anisodonta Bramley - Sulawesi
12. Callicarpa anisophylla C.Y.Wu ex W.Z.Fang - Guangxi, Guangdong
13. Callicarpa anomala (Ridl.) B.L.Burtt - Sarawak
14. Callicarpa apoensis Elmer - Mindanao
15. Callicarpa arborea Roxb. - southern China, Tibet, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Andaman Islands, New Guinea
16. Callicarpa areolata Urb. - Cuba
17. Callicarpa argentii Bramley - Kalimantan
18. Callicarpa badipilosa S.Atkins - Brunei
19. Callicarpa barbata Ridl. - Borneo
20. Callicarpa basilanensis Merr. - Basilan, Mindanao
21. Callicarpa basitruncata Merr. ex Moldenke - Hainan
22. Callicarpa baviensis Moldenke - Vietnam
23. Callicarpa bicolor Juss - Philippines, Sulawesi, Bismarck Archipelago, Palau
24. Callicarpa bodinieri H.Lév - Indochina, southern China
25. Callicarpa bodinieroides R.H.Miao - Guizhou
26. Callicarpa borneensis Moldenke - Borneo
27. Callicarpa bracteata Dop - Vietnam
28. Callicarpa brevipes (Benth.) Hance - Vietnam, Cambodia, southern China
29. Callicarpa brevipetiolata Merr. - Sumatra
30. Callicarpa brevistyla Munir - Northern Territory of Australia
31. Callicarpa bucheri Moldenke - Cuba
32. Callicarpa candicans (Burm.f.) Hochr. - China, Bangladesh, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, northern Australia, Micronesia
33. Callicarpa cathayana C.H.Chang - southern China
34. Callicarpa caudata Maxim. - Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Queensland
35. Callicarpa cinnamomea (Hallier f.) Govaerts - Sulawesi
36. Callicarpa collina Diels - Guangdong, Jiangxi
37. Callicarpa coriacea Bramley - Sabah
38. Callicarpa crassinervis Urb. - Cuba
39. Callicarpa cubensis Urb. - Cuba
40. Callicarpa cuneifolia Britton & P.Wilson - Cuba
41. Callicarpa denticulata Merr. - Batan in Phlippines
42. Callicarpa dentosa (H.T.Chang) W.Z.Fang - Guangdong
43. Callicarpa dichotoma (Lour.) K.Koch - China, Japan, Korea, Ryukyu Islands, Vietnam
44. Callicarpa dolichophylla Merr. - southern China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Luzon
45. Callicarpa endertii (Moldenke) Bramley - Kalimantan
46. Callicarpa erioclona Schauer - Vietnam, Borneo, Sulawesi, Java, Philippines, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago
47. Callicarpa erythrosticta Merr. & Chun - Hainan
48. Callicarpa fasciculiflora Merr. - Bucas Grande in Philippines
49. Callicarpa ferruginea Sw. - Cuba, Jamaica
50. Callicarpa flavida Elmer - Mindanao, Dinagat
51. Callicarpa floccosa Urb. - Cuba
52. Callicarpa fulva A.Rich. - Cuba
53. Callicarpa fulvohirsuta Merr. - Sabah
54. Callicarpa furfuracea Ridl. - Thailand, Malaysia
55. Callicarpa gibaroana Baro & P.Herrera - Cuba
56. Callicarpa giraldii Hesse ex Rehder - China
57. Callicarpa glabra Koidz. - Ogasawara-shoto (Bonin Islands)
58. Callicarpa glabrifolia S.Atkins - Borneo
59. Callicarpa gracilipes Rehder - Sichuan, Hubei
60. Callicarpa grandiflora (Hallier f.) Govaerts - Sumatra, Sulawesi
61. Callicarpa grisebachii Urb. - Cuba
62. Callicarpa havilandii (King & Gamble) H.J.Lam - Borneo
63. Callicarpa heterotricha Merr. - Vietnam
64. Callicarpa hispida (Moldenke) Bramley - Sabah
65. Callicarpa hitchcockii Millsp. - Bahamas, Cuba
66. Callicarpa homoeophylla (Hallier f.) Govaerts - Borneo, Sulawesi
67. Callicarpa hungtaii C.Pei & S.L.Chen - Guangdong
68. Callicarpa hypoleucophylla T.P.Lin & J.L.Wang - Taiwan
69. Callicarpa inaequalis Teijsm. & Binn. ex Bakh. - Java
70. Callicarpa integerrima Champ. ex Benth. - southern China
71. Callicarpa involucrata Merr. - Borneo
72. Callicarpa japonica Thunb. - China, Japan, Korea, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan
73. Callicarpa kerrii Leerat. & A.J.Paton - Thailand
74. Callicarpa kinabaluensis Bakh. & Heine - Sabah
75. Callicarpa kochiana Makino - China, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan
76. Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun - southern China
77. Callicarpa laciniata H.J.Lam - Timor
78. Callicarpa lamii Hosok - Mariana Islands
79. Callicarpa lancifolia Millsp. - Cuba
80. Callicarpa leonis Moldenke - Cuba
81. Callicarpa lingii Merr. - Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang
82. Callicarpa loboapiculata Metcalf - Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan.
83. Callicarpa longibracteata C.H.Chang - Hong Kong
84. Callicarpa longifolia Lam. - China, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Christmas Island, Queensland
85. Callicarpa longipes Dunn - Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi
86. Callicarpa longipetiolata Merr. - Luzon
87. Callicarpa luteopunctata C.H.Chang - Sichuan, Yunnan
88. Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl. - China, Himalayas, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Queensland
89. Callicarpa madagascariensis Moldenke - Madagascar
90. Callicarpa magnifolia Merr. - Luzon
91. Callicarpa maingayi King & Gamble - Thailand to Malaya
92. Callicarpa membranacea C.H.Chang - China
93. Callicarpa mendumiae Bramley - Sulawesi
94. Callicarpa micrantha S.Vidal - Philippines, Micronesia
95. Callicarpa moana Borhidi & O.Muñiz - Cuba
96. Callicarpa moldenkeana A.Rajendran & P.Daniel - Meghalaya
97. Callicarpa mollis Siebold & Zucc. - Japan, Korea
98. Callicarpa nipensis Britton & P.Wilson - Cuba
99. Callicarpa nishimurae Koidz. - Ogasawara-shoto (Bonin Islands)
100. Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. & Arn. - China, Himalayas, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina
101. Callicarpa oblanceolata Urb. - Cuba
102. Callicarpa oligantha Merr. - Guangdong
103. Callicarpa oshimensis Hayata - Ryukyu Islands
104. Callicarpa pachyclada Quisumb. & Merr. - Luzon, Samar
105. Callicarpa paloensis Elmer - Luzon, Leyte
106. Callicarpa parvifolia Hook. & Arn. - Nayarit
107. Callicarpa pauciflora Chun ex H.T.Chang - Guangdong, Jiangxi
108. Callicarpa pedunculata R.Br. - China, Himalayas, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Melanesia, Australia
109. Callicarpa peichieniana H.Ma & W.B.Yu - Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan
110. Callicarpa pentandra Roxb. - Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea, Solomon Islands
111. Callicarpa petelotii Dop - Vietnam
112. Callicarpa phuluangensis Leerat. & A.J.Paton - Thailand
113. Callicarpa pilosissima Maxim. - Taiwan
114. Callicarpa pingshanensis C.Y.Wu ex W.Z.Fang - Sichuan
115. Callicarpa platyphylla Merr. - Luzon, Polillo
116. Callicarpa plumosa Quisumb. & Merr. - Luzon
117. Callicarpa prolifera C.Y.Wu - Yunnan, Guangxi
118. Callicarpa pseudorubella C.H.Chang - Guangdong
119. Callicarpa pseudoverticillata Bramley - Sulawesi
120. Callicarpa psilocalyx C.B.Clarke - Meghalaya, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia
121. Callicarpa pullei (H.J.Lam) Govaerts - New Guinea
122. Callicarpa quaternifolia (Hallier f.) Govaerts - Borneo, Sulawesi
123. Callicarpa ramiflora Merr. - Philippines
124. Callicarpa randaiensis Hayata - Taiwan
125. Callicarpa remotiflora T.P.Lin & J.L.Wang - Hengchun Peninsula in Taiwan
126. Callicarpa remotiserrulata Hayata - Hengchun Peninsula in Taiwan
127. Callicarpa resinosa C.Wright & Moldenke - Cuba
128. Callicarpa reticulata Sw. - Jamaica
129. Callicarpa revoluta Moldenke - Cuba
130. Callicarpa ridleyi S.Moore - Java
131. Callicarpa roigii Britton - Cuba
132. Callicarpa rubella Lindl. - China, Himalayas, Southeast Asia
133. Callicarpa rudis S.Moore - Sumatra
134. Callicarpa ruptofoliata R.H.Miao - Guangdong
135. Callicarpa saccata Steenis - Borneo
136. Callicarpa salicifolia C.Pei & W.Z.Fang - southern China
137. Callicarpa scandens (Moldenke) Govaerts - Sabah
138. Callicarpa selleana Urb. & Ekman - Massif de la Selle in Haiti
139. Callicarpa shaferi Britton & P.Wilson - Cuba
140. Callicarpa shikokiana Makino - Japan
141. Callicarpa × shirasawana Makino - Japan (C. japonica × C. mollis)
142. Callicarpa simondii Dop - Vietnam
143. Callicarpa siongsaiensis Metcalf - Fujian
144. Callicarpa sordida Urb. - Dominican Republic
145. Callicarpa stapfii Moldenke - Sabah
146. Callicarpa subaequalis Bramley - Kalimantan
147. Callicarpa subalbida Elmer - Luzon, Mindoro
148. Callicarpa subglandulosa Elmer - Luzon, Negros
149. Callicarpa subintegra Merr. - Luzon
150. Callicarpa subpubescens Hook. & Arn. - Bonin Islands, Volcano Islands
151. Callicarpa superposita Merr. - Borneo
152. Callicarpa surigaensis Merr. - Samar, Mindanao
153. Callicarpa takakumensis Hatus - Mt. Takakuma in Japan
154. Callicarpa teneriflora Bramley - Kalimantan
155. Callicarpa thozetii Munir - Queensland
156. Callicarpa tikusikensis Masam. - Taiwan
157. Callicarpa tingwuensis C.H.Chang - Guangdong
158. Callicarpa toaensis Borhidi & O.Muñiz - Cuba
159. Callicarpa tomentosa (L.) L. - Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaya
160. Callicarpa × tosaensis Makino - Japan (C. japonica × C. kochiana)
161. Callicarpa vansteenisii Moldenke - Sumatra
162. Callicarpa vestita Wall. ex C.B.Clarke - eastern Himalayas, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Assam
163. Callicarpa woodii Merr. - Borneo
164. Callicarpa wrightii Britton & P.Wilson - Cuba
165. Callicarpa yunnanensis W.Z.Fang - Yunnan, Vietnam

External links

• Dr. Duke's Databases: Callicarpa americana - List of Chemicals
• Callicarpa info
• Eat The Weeds - Beautyberry

Notes and References

1. Web site: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website - Lamiales . Missouri Botanical Garden.
2. Web site: GRIN Taxonomy for Plants - Callicarpa . . 2009-03-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150923230500/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?1890 . 2015-09-23 . dead .
3. Heywood, V.H., Brummitt, R.K., Culham, A. & Seberg, O. 2007: Flowering Plant Families of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
4. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=30643 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
5. Leeratiwong, C., Chantaranothai, P. & Paton, A.J. (2009). A synopsis of the genus Callicarpa L. (Lamiaceae) in Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 37: 36-58.
6. Bramley, G.L. (2009). The genus Callicarpa (Lamiaceae) on Borneo. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 159: 416-455.
7. Bramley, G.L.C. (2013). The genus Callicarpa (Lamiaceae) in the Philippines. Kew Bulletin 68: 369-418.
8. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=105098 Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 4, 紫珠属 zi zhu shu, Callicarpa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 111. 1753.
9. http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Callicarpa%20americana.png Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map
10. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/07/060703091932.htm Scientists Confirm Folk Remedy Repels Mosquitoes
11. Web site: Species Information . sun.ars-grin.gov . 2008-03-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20041110095600/http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=2372 . 2004-11-10 . dead.
12. 10.1021/jf0509308 . Isolation and Identification of Mosquito Bite Deterrent Terpenoids from Leaves of American (Callicarpa americana) and Japanese (Callicarpa japonica) Beautyberry . 2005 . Cantrell . C. L. . Klun . J. A. . Bryson . C. T. . Kobaisy . M. . Duke . S. O. . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry . 53 . 15 . 5948–53 . 16028979.
13. . February 6, 2006 . Agricultural Research . Learning from our elders: Folk Remedy Yields Mosquito-Thwarting Compound .