2010 California Proposition 19 Explained

Proposition 19
Country:California
Legalize Marijuana in CA, Regulate and Tax
Yes:4643592
No:5333230
Total:9976822
Electorate:17285883
Map:2010 California Proposition 19 results map by county.svg

California Proposition 19 (also known as the Regulate, Control & Tax Cannabis Act) was a ballot initiative on the November 2, 2010, statewide ballot. It was defeated, with 53.5% of California voters voting "No" and 46.5% voting "Yes."[1] If passed, it would have legalized various marijuana-related activities, allowed local governments to regulate these activities, permitted local governments to impose and collect marijuana-related fees and taxes, and authorized various criminal and civil penalties.[2] In March 2010, it qualified to be on the November statewide ballot.[3] The proposition required a simple majority in order to pass, and would have taken effect the day after the election.[4] Yes on 19 was the official advocacy group for the initiative and California Public Safety Institute: No On Proposition 19 was the official opposition group.[5]

A similar initiative, "The Tax, Regulate, and Control Cannabis Act of 2010" (California Cannabis Initiative, CCI) was filed first and received by the Attorney General's Office July 15, 2010, assigned 09-0022 that would have legalized cannabis for adults 21 and older and included provisions to decriminalize industrial hemp, retroactive expunging of criminal records and release of non violent cannabis prisoners. It did not make it onto the ballot.

Supporters of Proposition 19 argued that it would help with California's budget shortfall, would cut off a source of funding to violent drug cartels, and would redirect law enforcement resources to more dangerous crimes,[6] while opponents claimed that it contains gaps and flaws that may have serious unintended consequences on public safety, workplaces, and federal funding. Even if the proposition had passed, the sale of cannabis would have remained illegal under federal law via the Controlled Substances Act.[7] [8] [9]

Proposition 19 was followed up by the Adult Use of Marijuana Act in 2016, which successfully passed a ballot initiative with 57% of the vote.[10]

Effects of the bill

According to the State of California's Legislative Analyst's Office, the law would have had the following effects.[11]

Legalization of personal cannabis-related activities

Except as permitted under Proposition 215 and SB 420 laws, persons age 21 and older may:

Local government regulation of commercial production and sale

Local governments may:

Other permissions

Maintenance and addition of criminal and civil penalties

Fiscal impact

The State Board of Equalization estimated that imposing a $50 per ounce levy on cannabis sales could generate $1.4 billion a year in new tax revenue, thus generating a large amount of revenue at a time when the state was experiencing financial pressure.[12] [13] This estimate came from the BOE's 2009 analysis of California Assembly Bill 390 based on a 2006 report entitled "Marijuana Production in the United States." These statistics were based on production estimates derived from marijuana eradication efforts from 2003 to 2005.[14] According to the States Legislative Analyst's office, passage of the proposition could have a significant fiscal impact, including:[15]

In regard to potential savings from the reduction of incarcerated individuals, according to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitations, 1,639 state prison inmates were in prison for marijuana-related crimes at a cost of $85 million per year.[16]

Arguments

Support

Several arguments were used in support of passing Proposition 19. Supporters argued that legalizing marijuana in California would help alleviate the drug war in Mexico. Based on the theory espoused by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy that up to 60% of Mexican drug cartels’ profits come from sales of marijuana, legalizing the drug in nearby California would drastically cut their funding. As a result, supporters of this argument believed that legalization would lead to a decrease in drug-related violent crime in Mexico.[17]

Also cited were expected financial benefits of passing the measure. Economists lauded an analysis by Jeffrey Miron predicting $7.7 billion in projected savings on law enforcement expenses related to marijuana offenses, as well as expected revenues of up to $6.2 billion annually in taxes. These revenues were calculated based on marijuana sales taxes structured similarly to alcohol and cigarettes.[18] In 2008, California police made 78,500 arrests related to marijuana.[19]

Some civil rights groups lauded Proposition 19 as a way to reduce the disproportionate number of arrests of African-Americans and Latinos in California, many of which were related to marijuana possession. A study released by the New York-based Drug Policy Alliance found that despite having lower marijuana consumption rates than young whites,[20] young Latinos and African Americans were arrested for marijuana possession at much higher rates than whites in the 25 largest California counties.[21]

Supporters also argued that passing the measure would result in additional benefits including tourism and spinoff industries such as cafes and paraphernalia. Based on California's wine industry, proponents of this theory anticipated that legalizing marijuana in the state could generate up to $18 billion, including the creation of 60,000-110,000 jobs.[22]

Some argued that legalization of marijuana could reduce drug-related violence, based on a study conducted by the International Centre for Science in Drug Policy. This study found that drug law enforcement contributes to increased levels of drug-related violence and suggests that "alternative models for drug control" may be necessary.[23]

Opposition

Opponents of Prop 19 argued that legalizing marijuana in California using the current proposition would have numerous negative consequences. They cited current Federal laws banning the cultivation, sale, and use of the drug, and claimed that it would create complications with drug trafficking and arrests[24] as well as challenge Federal authority.[25] Opponents also argued that Proposition 19 would complicate regulation across the state by allowing local jurisdictions the power to determine their own laws regarding cultivation and possession.[26] Opponents claimed that this increased government activity would absorb much of the projected tax revenue.[26]

Opponents of the measure also argued that it posed a public safety risk, based on research showing an association between marijuana use and voluntary treatment admissions for addiction, fatal drugged driving accidents, mental illness, and emergency room visits.[27] Opponents also compared Prop 19 to current alcohol and tobacco regulation, arguing that the associated potential healthcare and criminal justice costs outweigh the tax revenue generated.[28]

In response to supporters' claims regarding Prop 19's tax revenue generation, opponents claim the potential benefit is vastly overstated.[27] Opponents also criticized the measure for failing to include specific accompanying tax proposals.[29] Opponents also rejected the argument that revenue increases from the measure would improve the state budgetary deficit, dismissing it as a short-term fix.[30]

Since California decriminalized the possession of small amounts of marijuana (under one ounce) in 1976, opponents reject the idea that legalization would free law enforcement to pursue violent crime in lieu of marijuana-related crime.[29] A RAND Corporation study found that passage of the measure would likely do little to curtail the drug trade and cartel violence stemming from Latin America.[31] Opponents also argued that passage would reflect softening attitudes in America toward drug consumption.[32] [33]

Supporters of medicinal marijuana use expressed concern that Prop 19 could burden growers with increased regulations.[30] Also cited were potential confusion caused by double selling rules and a potential threat to existing protections for medical marijuana users.[34]

History

The first cannabis prohibition laws in California were passed in 1913.[35] In the 1972 California November elections, a similar initiative to Proposition 19 which would have legalized cannabis was on the ballot, coincidentally also named Proposition 19. It failed to pass, with 66.5% voters voting "No" and 33.5% voting "Yes."[36] [37] In 1976 the passage of the Moscone Act changed small-scale possession of marijuana from a felony to a misdemeanor.[38] Two decades later in 1996, Proposition 215, which legalized medical marijuana, passed with 56% of the vote. In 2003 the California Senate Bill SB 420 clarified some of Proposition 215 to address critics and issues that arose since it was passed. In 2005, Oakland’s Measure Z, one of the first marijuana taxes, made marijuana possession one of the lowest law enforcement priorities. It was passed by 65% of the voters. In July 2010, Oakland approved a cultivation ordinance.[39]

Proposition 19's originator is Richard Lee, a marijuana legalization activist and medical marijuana provider based in Oakland. Lee named political consultant Chris Lehane as the head of the campaign to pass the measure.[40] In order to qualify for the ballot, the initiative needed 433,971 valid petition signatures. The initiative proponents submitted 694,248 signatures, and it qualified through the random sample signature check.[41]

Stance on initiative

In response to growing demand for a vote on the legal status of marijuana, California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger said in May 2009, "I think it's time for a debate. And I think that we ought to study very carefully what other countries are doing that have legalized marijuana and other drugs, what effect it had on those countries, and are they happy with that decision."[42] However, in his signing statement for California SB 1449, which decriminalized possession of less than an ounce of marijuana from a misdemeanor to an infraction, Schwarzenegger said he opposed Proposition 19, calling it "deeply flawed" and claiming that its potential for generating tax revenue has been overstated.[43]

Support

Opposition

Polling history

Color indicates the simple majority in a poll.

Date of opinion pollConducted bySample size
(likely voters)		MethodologyYesNoUndecidedMargin of error
April 20, 2010[131] 500 Automated 56% 42% 3% ±4.4%
May 9–16, 2010[132] 1168 Live 49% 48% 3% ±3%
June 22 – July 5, 2010[133] Field Poll 1005 Live 44% 48% 8% ±3.2%
July 8–11, 2010[134] SurveyUSA 614 Automated 50% 40% 10% ±4%
July 23–25, 2010[135] 614 Automated[136] 52% 36% 12% ±3.95%
August 9–11, 2010[137] SurveyUSA 602 Automated 50% 40% 10% ±4.1%
August 31 – September 1, 2010[138] SurveyUSA 569 Automated 47% 43% 10% ±4.2%
September 20, 2010[139] Public Policy Polling 569 Automated 47% 38% 15% ±3.9%
September 26, 2010[140] Field Poll 599 Live 49% 42% 9% ±4.1%
September 30, 2010[141] Public Policy Institute of California 2,004 Live 52% 41% 7% ±3%
September 30 – October 3, 2010[142] SurveyUSA 670 Automated 48% 41% 11% ±3.9%
October 2–4, 2010[143] 448 Live 44% 53% 3% ±4.7%
October 13–14, 2010[144] EMC Research 704 Live 40% 45% 14% ±3.7%
October 13–14, 2010 EMC Research 699 Automated 56% 41% 4% ±3.7%
October 10–17, 2010[145] Public Policy Institute of California 1,067 44% 49% 7% ±3.5%
October 15–18, 2010[146] SurveyUSA 621 Automated 48% 44% 8% ±4%
October 13–20, 2010[147] 441 Live 39% 51% 10% ±4.6%
October 21–23, 2010[148] Public Policy Polling 622 Automated 45% 48% 7% ±3.9%
October 21–24, 2010[149] 600 Live 40% 55% 6% ±4%
October 21–25, 2010[150] SurveyUSA 594 Mixed 44% 46% 10% ±4.1%
October 14–26, 2010[151] Field Poll 1092 Live 42% 49% 9% ±3.2%
October 20–26, 2010[152] CNN/Time 888 Live 45% 53% 2% ±3.5%
October 26–31, 2010[153] SurveyUSA587 Mixed 44% 46% 10% ±4.1%
October 29–31, 2010[154] Public Policy Polling 882 Automated 44% 51% 5% ±3.3%

Polling differences by poll type

Analysis of different polling techniques showed significant differentials in support for Proposition 19. Polls conducted by a live interviewer showed substantially less support for Proposition 19 than automated polls. It was suggested that there was a "social desirability bias" causing people to deny their support for Proposition 19 to live interviewers.[144] [155]

Another discrepancy was noted in the Action News/SurveyUSA poll taken in late October. Those interviewed via landlines opposed the initiative 53% to 43%, while those on cell phones supported it 54% to 29%.[156]

Outcome

Results by major county

County (Major Cities) YesNo
34.9%65.1%
35.8%64.2%
36.6%63.4%
39.0%61.0%
41.2%58.8%
41.2%58.8%
41.9%58.1%
42.2%57.8%
44.8%55.2%
45.5%54.5%
46.9%53.1%
47.9%52.1%
48.1%51.9%
50.1%49.9%
51.2%48.8%
51.2%48.8%
51.5%48.5%
56.4%43.6%
62.3%37.7%
63.6%36.4%
63.7%36.3%
[157]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Supplement to the Statement of Vote Statewide Summary by County for State Ballot Measures. January 6, 2011. Secretary of State's office. September 2, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20121005225859/http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/2010-general/ssov/ballot-measures-summary.pdf. October 5, 2012. dead.
  2. Web site: State of California Initiative analysis . Lao.ca.gov . September 9, 2009 . October 5, 2010.
  3. News: Pot breaks the age barrier. Banks. Sandy. March 29, 2010. Los Angeles Times. March 31, 2010.
  4. Web site: California Constitution Article 2 Section 10 . October 5, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101008203818/http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/.const/.article_2 . October 8, 2010 .
  5. Web site: Proposition 19 - Official Voter Information Guide. October 16, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101013090851/http://www.voterguide.sos.ca.gov/propositions/19/. October 13, 2010. dead.
  6. Web site: YesOn19.com . yeson19.com . October 5, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100828131319/http://yeson19.com/ . August 28, 2010 . dead .
  7. 1356093 . On the Limits of Supremacy: Medical Marijuana and the States' Overlooked Power to Legalize Federal Crime . Mikos . Robert . March 9, 2009 .
  8. 1549828 . State Taxation of Marijuana Distribution and Other Federal Crimes . Mikos . Robert . March 9, 2009 .
  9. News: A federal-state law inconsistency shouldn't stop Californians from legalizing marijuana. Liebman Dershowitz. Hanna. July 28, 2010. Los Angeles Times. August 21, 2010.
  10. Web site: California, Rejoice! AUMA Is Getting A Vote! Potbox. June 29, 2016. en-US. July 12, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160816072031/https://www.potbox.com/blog/california-adults-responsible-use-cannabis-auma/. August 16, 2016. dead.
  11. Web site: State of California 2009 Initiative Analysis . Lao.ca.gov . September 9, 2009 . October 5, 2010.
  12. News: California Democrats neutral on Proposition 19. Mercury News. July 19, 2009. July 22, 2010.
  13. News: California Looks for Cash Under Proposal to Legalize Marijuana. November 1, 2010. Vekshin. Alison. Bloomberg News. November 1, 2010.
  14. Jon Gettman . December 2006 . Marijuana Production in the United States .
  15. Web site: Summary of the States Legislative Analyst . Lao.ca.gov . September 9, 2009 . October 5, 2010.
  16. David Futch . October 2010 . Proposition 19 Dreams of Legal Weed . LA Weekly News .
  17. News: Héctor Aguilar Camín . Jorge G. Castañeda . September 2010 . California's Prop 19, on legalizing marijuana, could end Mexico's drug war . The Washington Post .
  18. Quentin Hardy . June 2005 . Milton Friedman: Legalize it! . Forbes.com .
  19. News: Push to Legalize Marijuana Gains Ground in California. Jesse. McKinley. The New York Times. October 27, 2009.
  20. Subha Ravindhran . October 2010 . California Blacks Split over Marijuana Measure . ABC Local . August 30, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110322074153/http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=news%2Fpolitics%2Flocal_elections&id=7750096 . March 22, 2011 . live .
  21. Jesse McKinley . July 2010 . California Blacks Split over Marijuana Measure . NY Times .
  22. Dale Gieringer . October 2009 . Marijuana Legalization Could Yield California Taxpayers Over $1.2 Billion per Year .
  23. Dan Werb . Greg Rowell . Gordon Guyatt . Thomas Kerr . Julio Montaner . Evan Wood . 2010 . Effect of Drug Law Enforcement on Drug-Related Violence: Evidence from a Scientific Review . April 12, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150101141724/http://yes19.org/EffectOfDrugLaw.pdf . January 1, 2015 . dead .
  24. Surojit Chatterjee . October 2010 . US AG Eric Holder strongly opposes Prop 19 . International Business Times . March 9, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101106064053/http://uk.ibtimes.com/articles/75572/20101025/us-ag-eric-holder-strongly-opposes-prop-19.htm . November 6, 2010 . dead.
  25. Marcus Wohlsen . October 2010 . Feds oppose Calif. Prop 19 to legalize marijuana . USA Today .
  26. News: Editorial . September 2010 . Snuff out pot measure . LA Times .
  27. Ray Sanchez . November 2010 . California's Proposition 19 Rejected by Voters . ABC News .
  28. News: Gil Kerlikowske . John Walters . Barry McCaffrey . Lee Brown . Bob Martinez . William Bennett . November 2010 . Why California should just say no to Prop. 19 . LA Times .
  29. Editorial . September 2010 . Endorsements: Prop. 19 deserves to go up in smoke . The Sacramento Bee . October 15, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101015224548/http://www.sacbee.com/2010/09/19/3038161/endorsements-2010-prop-19-deserves.html . October 15, 2010 . dead.
  30. Editorial Board. October 2010. Prop 19 About Marijuana Industry, Not Use. The Stanford Review. March 9, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110213081521/http://stanfordreview.org/article/prop-19-about-marijuana-industry-not-use. February 13, 2011. dead.
  31. Beau Kilmer . Jonathan P. Caulkins . Brittany M. Bond . Peter H. Reuter . 2010 . Reducing Drug Trafficking Revenues and Violence in Mexico: Would Legalizing Marijuana in California Help? . The RAND Corporation .
  32. Sara Miller Llana . October 2010 . Latin America's leaders condemn California's Prop. 19 to legalize marijuana . The Christian Science Monitor .
  33. News: David Crary . September 2010 . Top ballot item: bid to legalize pot in California . The Boston Globe .
  34. Peter Hecht . August 2010 . Medical Pot Industry split on Prop. 19 . The Sacramento Bee . March 9, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100828122040/http://www.sacbee.com/2010/08/25/2980741/pot-prop-19.html . August 28, 2010 . dead.
  35. Web site: The Odd History Of Marijuana In The U.S.. Maureen Cavanaugh . Pat Finn . PBS . October 7, 2010 . October 26, 2011.
  36. Web site: Maddaus . Gene . Pot Legalization Initiative Has Same Number as One From 1972 . Blogs.laweekly.com . June 28, 2010 . July 28, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100813223220/http://blogs.laweekly.com/informer/politics/marijuana-proposition-prop-19/ . August 13, 2010 . dead .
  37. News: Prop. 19--The marijuana issue . October 25, 1972 . . 10 .
  38. Savings in California Marijuana Law Enforcement Costs Attributable to the Moscone Act of 1976: A Summary. 1988. National Criminal Justice Reference Service. M. R. Aldrich . T. Mikuriya . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 20. 1. 75–81. 10.1080/02791072.1988.10524375. 3292746. October 26, 2011.
  39. Evan Wagstaff . October 2010 . Marijuana in California Over the Decades . Oakland North .
  40. News: Measure to legalize marijuana will be on California's Los Angeles Times. March 25, 2010. Tribune Company. April 24, 2010. John. Hoeffel.
  41. Web site: DB07:003 . July 28, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100617113650/http://www.sos.ca.gov/admin/press-releases/2010/db10-039.pdf . June 17, 2010 . dead .
  42. News: Arnold: Time To Talk About Legalizing Pot. Ryan. Grim. The Huffington Post. Ryan Grim. May 5, 2009. July 14, 2010.
  43. Web site: To the Members of the California State Senate. Schwarzenegger. Arnold. August 14, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20110201010305/http://dl5.activatedirect.com/fs/distribution:letterFile/yvcee9xanplikz_files/z65ij4mzqc9pon. February 1, 2011. dead.
  44. News: Free & Equal allows California's third party gubernatorial candidates to share their views. October 9, 2010. Hinyub. Chris. Independent Voter Network. October 25, 2010. October 12, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101012190849/http://caivn.org/article/2010/10/09/free-equal-allows-californias-third-party-gubernatorial-candidates-share-their-vi. dead.
  45. News: Former Governor Johnson's statement. June 26, 2010.
  46. Jesse Ventura- prop 19-"I hope California does it. November 3, 2010.
  47. News: Blacks May Tilt Balance in Vote to Legalize Marijuana. Jesse. McKinley. The New York Times. July 19, 2010. July 19, 2010.
  48. News: California Dems Endorse Pot Legalization, Proposition 19. Ryan. Grim. Huffington Post. July 8, 2010. July 8, 2010.
  49. News: Surprise! Both Red and Blue Want Pot Legal. Jackson. West. NBC Bay Area. July 20, 2010. July 21, 2010.
  50. News: Ammiano wants to make marijuana legal in state. Wyatt. Buchanan. San Francisco Gate. February 24, 2010. April 24, 2010.
  51. News: Taking the next step for California. New Times. June 30, 2010.
  52. News: Ex-Mexican president urges California to legalize pot. October 27, 2010. Johnson. Tim. Miami Herald. October 28, 2010.
  53. News: California's Prop 19, on legalizing marijuana, could end Mexico's drug war. Hector. Camin. The Washington Post. September 5, 2010. September 6, 2010.
  54. News: Measure to legalize marijuana will be on California's November ballot. John . Hoeffel. Los Angeles Times. March 25, 2010. April 29, 2010.
  55. News: Open Forum: Legalize Marijuana in California . John. Russo. San Francisco Gate. April 27, 2010. April 27, 2010.
  56. News: 420: Put Down That Joint and Pick Up a Pen. Norm. Stamper. Firedoglake.com. April 20, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100423065159/http://seminal.firedoglake.com/diary/42176. dead. April 23, 2010. April 20, 2010.
  57. Web site: Arguments for and against the proposal, Official California voters guide. Secretary of State's Office. September 16, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101006090707/http://voterguide.sos.ca.gov/pdf/english/19-arg-rebuttals.pdf. October 6, 2010. dead.
  58. Web site: Opinion: Decriminalize marijuana: It's far less harmful than alcohol. Bedard. Larry. July 15, 2010. MercuryNews.com. July 18, 2010.
  59. News: George Soros: Why I Support Legal Marijuana. October 26, 2010. Soros. George. Wall Street Journal. October 25, 2010.
  60. News: George Soros gives $1 million to Prop. 19 campaign. October 26, 2010. The San Francisco Chronicle. Fagan. Kevin . October 26, 2010.
  61. News: Facebook co-founder gives $100K to pot legalization campaign. Toronto Sun. October 10, 2010.
  62. Web site: The quest for freedom and safety: Why I donated $100,000 to YesOn19. October 29, 2010.
  63. News: Retired insurance company executive throws cash and support behind Prop. 19. Hoeffel. John. October 16, 2010. Los Angeles Times. October 17, 2010.
  64. News: Downs, David. Sarah Palin Calls Bud a 'Minimal Problem'; Vegas Drug Cops Execute Unarmed Father. East Bay Express. July 17, 2010.
  65. Web site: Why You Should Vote YES on PROPOSITION 19. Emery. Marc. June 5, 2010. Cannabis Culture. July 26, 2010.
  66. News: State NAACP backs marijuana legalization initiative. Catherine. Saillant. Los Angeles Times. June 28, 2010. June 28, 2010.
  67. News: 'LULAC,' Huge Latino Group, Endorses Prop. 19, California's Marijuana Legalization Initiative. Romero, Dennis. LA Weekly. October 8, 2010. October 10, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101012043110/http://blogs.laweekly.com/informer/marijuana/latino-marijuana-legalization/. October 12, 2010. dead.
  68. News: Up with dope! Oakland City Council first in CA to endorse pot legalization measure. Garofoli, Joe. The San Francisco Chronicle. May 19, 2010. May 28, 2010.
  69. News: Humboldt County supervisors decide to support Prop. 19. Times-Standard. Tam. Donnna. October 20, 2010. October 23, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101023095727/http://www.times-standard.com/localnews/ci_16384789. October 23, 2010. dead.
  70. Web site: Prop 19: Support Legalizing Marijuana In California. June 30, 2010. St. Pierre. Allen. NORML. October 24, 2010.
  71. Web site: Tax Cannabis 2010 Initiative Headed for November Ballot. CA NORML Admin. California NORML. January 28, 2010. June 1, 2010.
  72. Web site: The Push to Legalize Marijuana: It's Real. April 16, 2010. April 2, 2010. Chris. Good. The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company.
  73. Web site: Marijuana Reform Will Appear on California's November Ballot!. April 29, 2010. March 24, 2010. F. Aaron. Smith. MPP Blog. Marijuana Policy Project. https://web.archive.org/web/20100328114349/http://blog.mpp.org/tax-and-regulate/2367/03242010/. March 28, 2010. dead.
  74. Web site: Tell the California Democratic Party:Endorse Prop 19!. California Courage Campaign. July 18, 2010. October 31, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100920140816/http://www.couragecampaign.org/page/s/EndorseProp19. September 20, 2010. dead.
  75. News: LEAP Endorses "Tax & Regulate Cannabis 2010" . Jack. Cole. Youtube.com. June 4, 2010.
  76. News: Marijuana legalization proposition pulling in high-dollar donations. October 7, 2010. Hoeffel. John. Los Angeles Times. October 19, 2010.
  77. News: Endorsements. October 20, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101108235231/http://yeson19.com/endorsements. November 8, 2010. dead.
  78. News: Head of American Federation of Teachers Randi Weingarten supports legalizing pot. George. Rush. New York Daily News. April 11, 2010. April 11, 2010.
  79. Web site: National Black Police Association Endorses Marijuana Legalization. LEAP. Law Enforcement Against Prohibition. August 19, 2010. August 19, 2010.
  80. News: Prop. 19 backers cite higher marijuana arrest rates for Latinos. LA Times. Hoeffel. John. October 27, 2010. October 28, 2010.
  81. News: Big union supports California measure to legalize marijuana. John. Hoeffel. Los Angeles Times. July 15, 2010. July 15, 2010.
  82. News: Oakland stirs the pot on legalization. Michael. Rosen. San Diego News Room. June 28, 2010. July 18, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101004140157/http://sandiegonewsroom.com/news/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=42418:oakland-stirs-the-pot-on-legalization&catid=49:california&Itemid=50. October 4, 2010. dead.
  83. News: Bay area longshore workers want to legalize pot. San Francisco Chronicle. August 18, 2010. Joe. Garofoli.
  84. News: Marijuana Ballot Measure in California Wins Support of Union, Officials Say. Nagourney. Adam. September 13, 2010. The New York Times. September 15, 2010.
  85. News: California enjoys reefer madness. October 28, 2010. The Globe and Mail. October 29, 2010. Toronto.
  86. Web site: Editorials : Our Opinion : Yes on Prop. 19. Santa Barbara News-Press. October 8, 2010.
  87. Web site: L.A. County Democratic Party - Endorsements. https://web.archive.org/web/20070423011121/http://www.lacdp.org/endorsements/. dead. April 23, 2007. Los Angeles County Democratic Party. September 15, 2010.
  88. Web site: Santa Barbara Democrats endorse jail tax, oppose marijuana dispensary ban. Molina. Joshua. September 4, 2010. The Daily Sound. September 16, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100907041228/http://www.thedailysound.com/090410SANTA-BARBARA-DEMOCRATS. September 7, 2010. dead.
  89. News: SF Dems Give Key Endorsement to Prop 19. East Bay Express. August 12, 2010.
  90. Web site: San Luis Obispo County Democratic Party Election 2010 Endorsements. San Luis Obispo County Democratic Party. November 2, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101018120729/http://www.slocodems.org/jla/. October 18, 2010. dead.
  91. Web site: Ventura County Democratic Central Committee Democratic Party Politics Candidates Party Issues. October 26, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101025110243/http://venturacountydemocrats.com/2010/06/official-democratic-party-guide-to-candidates-and-propositions/. October 25, 2010. dead.
  92. Web site: Marijuana-Legalizing Proposition 19 Gets Greenlight From California Young Democrats. Eskenazi. Joe. July 20, 2010. San Francisco Weekly. July 21, 2010.
  93. Web site: Campbell, Dave . The Peace and Freedom Party Says: "Legalize It" . Peace and Freedom Party . October 11, 2010 . March 28, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130405130716/http://www.peaceandfreedom.org/2010/prop-19/102 . April 5, 2013 . dead .
  94. Web site: California Prop 19: legalized pot coming to the California ballot in November. Hinkle. Mark. July 3, 2010. United States Libertarian Party. June 20, 2010.
  95. News: Los Angeles Times: Local : Political "Schwarzenegger signs bill reducing offense for marijuana possession." . Patrick . McGreevy . Los Angeles Times . October 1, 2010.
  96. News: SFGate: Politics Blog : Whitman: "Prosecute illegal aliens..in all of our cities." . Carla . Marinucci . The San Francisco Chronicle . May 6, 2009.
  97. Web site: AG: Legal Pot Opens Flood Gates For Cartels. Ksbw.com . June 29, 2010. July 28, 2010.
  98. News: Feinstein backs effort to defeat marijuana legalization . July 12, 2010 . Los Angeles Times.
  99. News: Feinstein opposes pot legalization measure . July 12, 2010 . The San Francisco Chronicle .
  100. News: Carly Fiorina Announces Positions on Statewide Ballot Measures. September 3, 2010. ABC News(KFSN). September 19, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20110629044626/http://abclocal.go.com/kfsn/story?section=news%2Fpolitics&id=7647725. June 29, 2011. live.
  101. News: Ellis. John. If California Legalizes Marijuana, Not Clear What Obama Would Do. Sacramento Bee. July 30, 2010. August 28, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100810135356/http://www.sacbee.com/2010/07/29/2924455/if-calif-legalizes-marijuana-not.html. August 10, 2010. dead.
  102. Web site: No on Prop 19 Endorsements. No on Proposition 19 website. July 25, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100727194236/http://www.noonproposition19.com/endorsements/display. July 27, 2010. dead.
  103. News: Newsom, Harris Support Medical Cannabis, Hate Legalization. Roberts. Chris. July 15, 2010. SF Appeal. October 2, 2010.
  104. News: Leading Democrats opposed to Prop. 19. Jennifer. Chaussee. Capitol Weekly. July 22, 2010. July 22, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20110412123940/http://www.capitolweekly.net/article.php?_c=z05ckvhk7z9sfb&xid=z03jxm1om8t0dx&done=.z05ckvhk7zysfb. April 12, 2011. dead.
  105. Web site: Marijuana Legalization: L.A. District Attorney Steve Cooley Helps Pen Official Argument Against Prop. 19. Romero. Dennis. July 15, 2010. L.A. Weekly. July 18, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100719194341/http://blogs.laweekly.com/informer/marijuana/steve-cooley-marijuana-prop/. July 19, 2010. dead.
  106. Web site: No on Prop 19 Endorsements. No on Proposition 19 website. July 26, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100727194236/http://www.noonproposition19.com/endorsements/display. July 27, 2010. dead.
  107. News: Nagourney. Adam. On Marijuana, Californians May Ignore Leaders' Views. October 15, 2010. The New York Times. October 15, 2010.
  108. News: Garofoli. Joe. A first: Bakersfield Dem puts up $20K for radio ad opposing pot legalization. July 27, 2010. San Francisco Chronicle. July 26, 2010.
  109. News: Roberts. Chris. Bad Medicine, Why Marijuana Advocates oppose an initiative legalizing marijuana. S.F. Weekly. May 19, 2010. July 3, 2010. July 21, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100721102024/http://www.sfweekly.com/2010-05-19/news/bad-medicine-why-marijuana-advocates-oppose-an-initiative-legalizing-pot/. dead.
  110. News: Opinion: Backers of legal pot just want to get high. Miller. Louis. July 11, 2010. San Jose Mercury News. July 17, 2010.
  111. News: Will Prop. 19 Cause You To Drive While Stoned?. October 27, 2010. Fudge. Tom. KPBS. April 18, 2011.
  112. Web site: Conservative Group Launches Ad Campaign Against Prop. 19, California's Pot-Legalization Initiative. Romero. Dennis. August 9, 2010. L.A. Weekly. September 17, 2010. https://archive.today/20120708012615/http://blogs.laweekly.com/informer/marijuana/anti-prop-19-commercial/. July 8, 2012. dead.
  113. News: Black Police Association Gives Thumbs Down To California Pot Legalization Initiative. September 8, 2010. Romero. Dennis. LA Weekly. October 28, 2010. January 22, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120122002129/http://blogs.laweekly.com/informer/2010/09/black_police_marijuana_prop_19.php. dead.
  114. News: Calif Chamber: Pot Law Would Allow Smoking at Work . Marcus . Wohlson . . August 12, 2010 . October 9, 2010 .
  115. Web site: Proposition 19. League of California Cities. October 23, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20110726145529/http://www.cacities.org/resource_files/29135.Proposition%2019.pdf. July 26, 2011. dead.
  116. Web site: McIntosh . Paul . CSAC Board: Thumbs Down to Propositions 19 and 26 . Csac.counties.org . September 21, 2010 . October 5, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101008003544/http://www.csac.counties.org/blogs/index.php/2010/09/csac-board-thumbs-down-to-propositions-19-and-26/ . October 8, 2010 . dead .
  117. Web site: Use of Marijuana as a "Medicine". Cybercast News Service. California Narcotics Officers Association. April 24, 2010.
  118. News: Sacramento consultant leads campaign against pot legalization . Peter . Hecht . . April 22, 2010 . April 24, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100427140850/http://www.sacbee.com/static/weblogs/weed-wars/2010/04/sacramento-consultant-leads-campaign-to-defeat-legal-pot.html . April 27, 2010 . dead .
  119. News: Hecht . Peter . Weed Wars: Unions see opportunities in marijuana industry, ballot measure . The Sacramento Bee . July 28, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100621132858/http://blogs.sacbee.com/weed-wars/2010/06/unions-see-opportunities-in-pot-business-legalization-measure.html . June 21, 2010 . dead .
  120. Web site: Ballot Initiatives Talking Points. Association of California School Administrators. October 3, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20110724224007/http://www.acsa.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/Media/TalkingPoints/2010-Ballot-Initiatives/2010-Ballot-Initiative-TP.aspx. July 24, 2011. dead.
  121. Web site: Alcohol Trade Comes Out Against Legal Marijuana. September 15, 2010. Jones. Ron. CBS 13. September 17, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100919151915/http://cbs13.com/local/alcohol.marijuana.proposition.2.1915485.html. September 19, 2010. dead.
  122. News: J. Patrick Coolican . California Cannabis Association Is Against Proposition 19 Pot Legalization? Really? Yes. . LA Weekly . September 22, 2010 . October 5, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100925215349/http://blogs.laweekly.com/informer/marijuana/pot-group-is-against-propositi/ . September 25, 2010 . dead .
  123. Bishop Ron Allen, President and CEO of the International Faith Based Coalition (IFBC) Welcomes Reverend Anthony Evans of the National Black Church Initiative as they join forces Against Proposition 19 and NAACP California Chapter President Alice Huffman for Her Support of Proposition 19 . International Faith Based Coalition . July 15, 2010 . November 2, 2010.
  124. CADCA Releases Position Paper and Press Release Opposing Proposition 19 . Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America . September 16, 2010.
  125. Web site: Legalizing Marijuana: Why Citizens Should Just Say No. September 13, 2010. Stimson. Charles. The Heritage Foundation. October 25, 2010.
  126. News: Proposition 19: Vote no. San Francisco Chronicle. September 16, 2010.
  127. News: Endorsements: Prop. 19 deserves to go up in smoke. Sacramento Bee. September 19, 2010. October 15, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101015224548/http://www.sacbee.com/2010/09/19/3038161/endorsements-2010-prop-19-deserves.html. October 15, 2010. dead.
  128. News: Snuff out pot measure. Los Angeles Times. September 24, 2010.
  129. News: Mercury News editorial: No on Proposition 19: legalizing marijuana's inevitable, but this is the wrong way. San Jose Mercury News. October 13, 2010.
  130. News: No to ganja madness. San Diego Union-Tribune. October 18, 2010.
  131. Web site: SurveyUSA News Poll #16468 . April 20, 2010 . July 17, 2010.
  132. Web site: PPIC Statewide Survey: Californians and Their Government . May 19, 2010 . July 12, 2010.
  133. Web site: Release #2342 . July 9, 2010 . July 12, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101020153534/http://field.com/fieldpollonline/subscribers/Rls2342.pdf . October 20, 2010 . dead .
  134. Web site: SurveyUSA Election Poll #16804 . July 12, 2010. July 12, 2010.
  135. Web site: Public Policy Polling . July 26, 2010 . July 26, 2010.
  136. News: Polls gone wild: Political gripes in Internet age. October 28, 2010. Associated Press. October 28, 2010.
  137. Web site: Results of SurveyUSA Election Poll #16937. https://web.archive.org/web/20100821085205/http://static.cbslocal.com/station/kpix/docs/2010/SurveyUSA_poll_Aug12.pdf. dead. August 21, 2010. August 12, 2010. August 13, 2010.
  138. Web site: Results of SurveyUSA Election Poll #17035 . September 2, 2010 . September 3, 2010.
  139. Web site: Marijuana in the California Election #17035 . September 20, 2010 . September 22, 2010.
  140. Web site: Field Poll. September 26, 2010. September 26, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101020210225/http://field.com/fieldpollonline/subscribers/Rls2356.pdf. October 20, 2010. dead.
  141. Web site: Public Policy Polling . September 30, 2010 . September 30, 2010.
  142. Web site: Results of SurveyUSA Election Poll #17225 . October 4, 2010 . October 4, 2010.
  143. Web site: Political Polling in California: Wave 2 . October 6, 2010 . October 6, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110629121952/http://www.ipsos-na.com/download/pr.aspx?id=10037 . June 29, 2011 . dead .
  144. Web site: EMC Research poll 10-4366 . October 22, 2010 . October 22, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110225172553/http://yeson19.com/sites/default/files/Prop%2019%20poll%20toplines.pdf . February 25, 2011 . dead .
  145. News: Public Policy Institute of California #17421 . October 19, 2010 . October 20, 2010 . Los Angeles Times.
  146. Web site: SurveyUSA Election Poll #17421 . October 19, 2010 . October 20, 2010.
  147. News: Prop. 19 trailing badly, poll shows . October 22, 2010 . October 22, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101024205537/http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-mew-prop19-poll-20101023%2C0%2C2940971.story . October 24, 2010 .
  148. Web site: Public Policy Polling . October 26, 2010 . October 26, 2010.
  149. Web site: Suffolk Poll of California. October 26, 2010. October 27, 2010. November 28, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101128092901/http://suffolk.edu/44241.html. dead.
  150. Web site: SurveyUSA Election Poll #17543. October 26, 2010 . October 27, 2010.
  151. Web site: Preferences of voter subgroups regarding Proposition 19, the marijuana legalization initiative (among likely voters). October 31, 2010. October 31, 2010. November 6, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101106025857/http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2010/10/29/18/poll1030.source.prod_affiliate.4.pdf. dead.
  152. Web site: CNN/TIME Opinion Research Poll. October 27, 2010 . October 28, 2010.
  153. Web site: SurveyUSA Election Poll #17597 . November 1, 2010 . November 1, 2010.
  154. Web site: Public Policy Polling Release. October 31, 2010 . October 31, 2010.
  155. Web site: The Broadus Effect - Social Desirability Bias and California Proposition 19 . July 26, 2010 . October 21, 2010 . October 23, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101023174721/http://www.fivethirtyeight.com/2010/07/broadus-effect-social-desirability-bias.html . dead .
  156. Web site: Action News - SurveyUSA Election Poll. November 1, 2010 . November 1, 2010.
  157. Web site: Proposition 19 Map Election Results. November 23, 2010. California Secretary of State. November 23, 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20101106225951/http://vote.sos.ca.gov/maps/ballot-measures/19/. November 6, 2010.

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