| Official Name: | Caledonia, North Dakota |
| Pushpin Map: | North Dakota |
| Pushpin Label Position: | left |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location within the state of North Dakota |
| Coordinates: | 47.4578°N -96.8892°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | United States |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Name1: | North Dakota |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Traill |
| Unit Pref: | Imperial |
| Area Footnotes: | [1] |
| Area Total Sq Mi: | 0.52 |
| Area Land Sq Mi: | 0.52 |
| Area Water Sq Mi: | 0.00 |
| Area Total Km2: | 1.35 |
| Area Land Km2: | 1.35 |
| Area Water Km2: | 0.00 |
| Elevation Ft: | 856 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Total: | 37 |
| Population Density Sq Mi: | 71.29 |
| Population Density Km2: | 27.50 |
| Timezone: | Central (CST) |
| Utc Offset: | −6 |
| Timezone Dst: | CDT |
| Utc Offset Dst: | −5 |
| Postal Code Type: | ZIP code |
| Postal Code: | 58219 |
| Area Code: | 701 |
| Blank Name: | FIPS code |
| Blank Info: | 38-11500 |
| Blank1 Name: | GNIS feature ID |
| Blank1 Info: | 2584338 |
Caledonia is a census-designated place in Traill County, North Dakota, United States. A former boomtown of the 1870s and the era of the Hudson's Bay Company steamship trade, the community has now all but virtually disappeared.[2]
An unincorporated community, it was designated as part of the U.S. Census Bureau's Participant Statistical Areas Program on March 31, 2010. It was not counted separately during the 2000 Census,[3] but was included in the 2010 Census,[4] where a population of 39 was reported.[5]
First called Goose River, the community was established as a post for the Hudson's Bay Company steamships which operated on the Red River of the North.[2] Caledonia became an early boom town in the Red River Valley and also became a post for a stagecoach line which lead north to Fort Garry — now called Winnipeg.[2] Upon the creation of Traill County in 1875, Caledonia was designated as the county seat.[6] However, in that same year, the Hudson's Bay Company closed their U.S. posts including the one at Caledonia. When James J. Hill's railroad crossed Traill County, it bypassed Caledonia. The steamboat industry soon floundered and the county seat was moved to Hillsboro in 1896.[2]
Caledonia sits on the banks of the Goose River near the confluence with the Red River of the North.