| Official Name: | Caldwell Township |
| Settlement Type: | Township |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | United States |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Name1: | Missouri |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Callaway |
| Area Total Km2: | 60.56 |
| Area Land Km2: | 60.44 |
| Area Water Km2: | 0.12 |
| Area Total Sq Mi: | 23.38 |
| Area Land Sq Mi: | 23.34 |
| Area Water Sq Mi: | 0.05 |
| Area Water Percent: | 0.2 |
| Population As Of: | 2010 |
| Population Total: | 438 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Elevation Footnotes: | [1] |
| Elevation M: | 237 |
| Elevation Ft: | 778 |
| Coordinates: | 38.7194°N -92.0042°W |
| Blank Name: | FIPS code |
| Blank Info: | 29-10414[2] |
| Blank1 Name: | GNIS feature ID |
| Blank1 Info: | 0766372 |
Caldwell Township is one of eighteen townships in Callaway County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 438.[3]
Caldwell Township was established on June 5, 1883, created from former portions of current adjacent townships (as of 2018), and named in honor of a local family.[4] The township's boundaries changed between 1883 and 1897, per descriptions of boundaries in the 1884 Missouri State Library history of Callaway County and the subsequent official map of the county published in 1897.
Caldwell Township covers an area of 23.38sqmi and while containing no incorporated settlements, it has included the unincorporated community of "Dixie". It contains seven cemeteries: Bush, Caldwell, Cave, Foster, James, Knight and Mount Tabor; as well as the streams of Caldwell Branch, Prairie Fork and Prime Creek.