IC 1613 explained

IC 1613
Group Cluster:Local Group
Epoch:J2000
Type:IB(s)m[1]
Dist Ly: [2] [3]
Appmag V:9.9
Absmag V:−15.2[4]
Size V: ×
Constellation Name:Cetus
Names:UGC 668, DDO 8, PGC 3844, Caldwell 51

IC 1613 (object 1613 in the Index Catalogues (IC), also known as Caldwell 51) is an irregular dwarf galaxy, visible in the constellation Cetus near the star 26 Ceti.[5] It was discovered in 1906 by Max Wolf,[6] and is approaching Earth at 234 km/s.

IC 1613 is a member of the Local Group.[7] It has played an important role in the calibration of the Cepheid variable period-luminosity relation for estimating distances.[8] Other than the Magellanic Clouds, it is one of the few Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy where RR Lyrae-type variables have been observed; this factor, along with an unusually low abundance of interstellar dust both within IC 1613 and along the line of sight enable especially accurate distance estimates.[9]

In 1999, Cole et al. used the Hubble Space Telescope to find that the dominant population of this galaxy has an age of ~7 Gyr. Using its Hess diagram, they found that its evolutionary history may be similar to that of the Pegasus Dwarf Irregular Galaxy. Both galaxies are classified as Ir V in the DDO system. Also in 1999, Antonello et al. found five cepheids of Population II in IC 1613, giving self-evident support for the existence of a very old stellar population component of IC 1613. In 1999, King, Modjaz, & Li discovered the first nova ever detected in IC 1613.[10]

IC 1613 contains a WO star known as DR1, which might be the only Wolf–Rayet star in the galaxy,[11] [12] although a candidate WC+O binary, SPIRITS14bqe, has been found.[13] A Luminous Blue Variable candidate,[14] has been proposed but a revised classification led to a B2.5 III type. Moreover, a rich population of OB-type[15] stars and OB associations[16] has been discovered.

There are many faint galaxies close to IC 1613, 14 of which are catalogued as members of a yet-unnamed galaxy cluster located at z≈0.20.[17]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database . Results for IC 1613 . 2006-11-29 .
  2. I. D. Karachentsev . V. E. Karachentseva . W. K. Hutchmeier . D. I. Makarov . A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies . Astronomical Journal . 2004 . 127 . 4 . 2031–2068 . 2004AJ....127.2031K . 10.1086/382905. free .
  3. Karachentsev, I. D. . Kashibadze, O. G. . Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field . Astrophysics . 2006 . 49 . 1 . 3–18 . 2006Ap.....49....3K . 10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6 . 120973010 .
  4. Skillman . Evan D. . Hidalgo . Sebastian L. . Weisz . Daniel R. . Monelli . Matteo . Gallart . Carme . Aparicio . Antonio . Bernard . Edouard J. . Boylan-Kolchin . Michael . Cassisi . Santi . Cole . Andrew A. . Dolphin . Andrew E. . Ferguson . Henry C. . Mayer . Lucio . Navarro . Julio F. . Stetson . Peter B. . Tolstoy . Eline . The ACS LCID project. X. The star formation history of IC 1613: revisiting the over-cooling problem . The Astrophysical Journal . 15 April 2014 . 786 . 1 . 44 . 10.1088/0004-637X/786/1/44. 1403.4609 .
  5. Cole. Andrew A.. Tolstoy. Eline. Gallagher III. John S.. Hoessel. John G.. Mould. Jeremy R.. Holtzman. Jon A.. Saha. Abhijit. Ballester. Gilda E.. Burrows. Christopher J.. Clarke. John T.. Crisp. David. October 1999. Stellar Populations at the Center of IC 1613. The Astronomical Journal. 118. 4. 1657–1670. 10.1086/301042. 1999AJ....118.1657C. astro-ph/9905350. 11370/f890fe5e-7780-4296-b2e0-a1e6e4b51f11. 17566586.
  6. Cole. Andrew A.. Tolstoy. Eline. Gallagher III. John S.. Hoessel. John G.. Mould. Jeremy R.. Holtzman. Jon A.. Saha. Abhijit. Ballester. Gilda E.. Burrows. Christopher J.. Clarke. John T.. Crisp. David. October 1999. Stellar Populations at the Center of IC 1613. The Astronomical Journal. 118. 4. 1657–1670. 10.1086/301042. 1999AJ....118.1657C. astro-ph/9905350. 11370/f890fe5e-7780-4296-b2e0-a1e6e4b51f11. 17566586.
  7. Cole, Andrew A.. Tolstoy, Eline. Gallagher, John S., III. Hoessel, John G.. Mould, Jeremy R.. Holtzman, Jon A.. Saha, Abhijit. Ballester, Gilda E.. Burrows, Christopher J.. Clarke, John T.. Crisp, David. 1999. Stellar Populations at the Center of IC 1613. The Astronomical Journal. 118. 4. 1657–1670. astro-ph/9905350. 1999AJ....118.1657C. 10.1086/301042. Trauger, John T.. Watson, Alan M.. Westphal, James R.. Stapelfeldt, Karl R.. Scowen, Paul A.. Krist, John E.. Hester, Jeff J.. Grillmair, Carl J.. Griffiths, Richard E.. Meadows, Vikki. 17566586.
  8. Cole. Andrew A.. Tolstoy. Eline. Gallagher III. John S.. Hoessel. John G.. Mould. Jeremy R.. Holtzman. Jon A.. Saha. Abhijit. Ballester. Gilda E.. Burrows. Christopher J.. Clarke. John T.. Crisp. David. October 1999. Stellar Populations at the Center of IC 1613. The Astronomical Journal. 118. 4. 1657–1670. 10.1086/301042. astro-ph/9905350. 1999AJ....118.1657C. 11370/f890fe5e-7780-4296-b2e0-a1e6e4b51f11. free.
  9. Web site: The Milky Way's Clean and Tidy Galactic Neighbour.
  10. van den Bergh . Sidney . Sidney van den Bergh . Updated Information on the Local Group . April 2000 . The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific . 112 . 770 . 2000PASP..112..529V . 529–536 . 10.1086/316548 . astro-ph/0001040 . 1805423 .
  11. Neugent . Kathryn . Massey . Philip . 2019-08-01 . The Wolf–Rayet Content of the Galaxies of the Local Group and Beyond . 2019Galax...7...74N . Galaxies . 7 . 3 . 74 . 10.3390/galaxies7030074. 1908.06238 . free .
  12. 2015A&A...581A.110T. 1507.00839. Massive stars on the verge of exploding: The properties of oxygen sequence Wolf–Rayet stars. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 581. A110. Tramper. F.. Straal. S. M.. Sanyal. D.. Sana. H.. De Koter. A.. Gräfener. G.. Langer. N.. Vink. J. S.. De Mink. S. E.. Selma de Mink. Kaper. L.. 2015. 10.1051/0004-6361/201425390. 56093231.
  13. Lau . Ryan M. . Hankins . Matthew J. . Kasliwal . Mansi M. . Bond . Howard E. . De . Kishalay . Jencson . Jacob E. . Moffat . Anthony F. J. . Smith . Nathan . Williams . Peredur M. . 2021-03-01 . Revealing Efficient Dust Formation at Low Metallicity in Extragalactic Carbon-rich Wolf–Rayet Binaries . 2021ApJ...909..113L . The Astrophysical Journal . 909 . 2 . 113 . 10.3847/1538-4357/abd8cd . 227053768 . 0004-637X . 2011.09732 . free .
  14. Herrero. A.. Garcia. M.. Uytterhoeven. K.. Najarro. F.. Lennon. D. J.. Vink. J. S.. Castro. N.. The nature of V39: an LBV candidate or LBV impostor in the very low metallicity galaxy IC 1613?. Astronomy and Astrophysics. en. 513. A70. 10.1051/0004-6361/200913562. 0004-6361. 1003.0875. 2010A&A...513A..70H. 2010. 54068837.
  15. Garcia. M.. Herrero. A.. The young stellar population of IC 1613. Astronomy & Astrophysics. en. 551. A74. 10.1051/0004-6361/201219977. 0004-6361. 1211.4582. 2013A&A...551A..74G. 2013. 56300058.
  16. Garcia. M.. Herrero. A.. Castro. N.. Corral. L.. Rosenberg. A.. The young stellar population of IC 1613. Astronomy & Astrophysics. en. 523. 10.1051/0004-6361/201015243. 0004-6361. 2010A&A...523A..23G. 1211.4582. 2012. A23. 120326367 .
  17. Karl Krienke . Paul W. Hodge . Hubble Space Telescope Photometry of Clusters of Galaxies behind the Dwarf Irregular Galaxies DDO 216 and IC 1613 and the Small Magellanic Cloud . . 2001 . 113 . 1115–1121 . 10.1086/322838.

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