Calanthe triplicata commonly known as the common Christmas orchid[1] is a plant in the orchid family and is native to Oceania, Asia, Pacific islands, and the islands of eastern Africa. It is a terrestrial orchid that grows in clumps with crowded pseudobulbs, dark green corrugated leaves and up to forty white flowers. The sepals and petals are similar to each other and the labellum has three spreading lobes and a yellow callus.
Calanthe triplicata is a terrestrial, evergreen herb that grows in clumps and has crowded, fleshy, oval pseudobulbs NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long and NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 wide. Each pseudobulb has between four and nine dark green, lance-shaped, corrugated leaves NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long and NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 wide tapering towards the base. The leaf veins are more or less parallel with between six and nine more prominent than the rest. Between eighteen and forty white flowers NaNsigfig=2NaNsigfig=2 wide are crowded near the top of an upright flowering stem NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long. The sepals are egg-shaped, NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long and NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 wide. The petals are a similar shape, NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long and NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 wide. The labellum has three widely spreading lobes NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long and NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 wide with the middle lobe further divided into two. The spur behind the labellum is NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long and curved. Flowering occurs from October to February in Australia and in April and May in China.[2] [3] [4]
The common Christmas orchid was first formally described in 1796 by (Pierre) Remi Willemet, who gave it the name Orchis triplicata and published the description in Paul Usteri's book Annalen der Botanick.[5] In 1907, Oakes Ames changed the name to Calanthe triplicata. The specific epithet (triplicata) is derived from the Latin prefix tris meaning "thrice"[6] and plicatus meaning "folded".
Calanthe triplicata is found in Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles, Assam, eastern Himalayas, southern India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia, south China, Vietnam, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Bismark Islands, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Marquesas, Santa Cruz Islands, Caroline Islands, the Marianas Islands, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands. In Australia it occurs between the Iron Range in Queensland and the Illawarra in New South Wales as well as on Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island. It grows in evergreen broad-leaved forests, rainforests and other wet forests in dense shade.