| Cabinet of Indonesia | |
| Native Name: | Current: Onward Indonesia Cabinet |
| Seal: | National emblem of Indonesia Garuda Pancasila.svg |
| Jurisdiction: | Government of Indonesia |
| Type: | Cabinet |
| Chief1 Position: | President |
| Chief1 Name: | Joko Widodo |
| Keydocument1: | Chapter 17 of UUD 1945 |
| Headquarters: | Cabinet Secretariat, Jakarta |
The Cabinet of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Kabinet Republik Indonesia) is part of the executive branch of the Indonesian government. It is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the government serving under the president. Members of the Cabinet (except for the vice president) serves at the president's pleasure, who can dismiss them at will for no cause.
Indonesia has seen dozens of cabinets since independence in 1945. Although after the New Order most cabinets remained unchanged for five years at a time. Most cabinets are referred to by the names given them at the time of formation. The current presidential cabinet is the Onward Indonesia Cabinet of Joko Widodo.[1]
The concept of a cabinet is not mentioned explicitly in the 1945 Constitution, so Indonesia's cabinets since 14 November 1945 are the result of administrative convention. There have been two types of cabinet in Indonesian history; presidential and parliamentary. In presidential cabinets, the president is responsible for government policy as head of state and government, while in parliamentary cabinets, the cabinet carries out government policy, and is responsible to the legislature.[2]
During the War of Independence from 1945 to 1949, the cabinet changed from a presidential to a parliamentary system, despite this not being the system intended by those who drew up the Constitution; however, at several critical periods, it reverted to a presidential system. During this period, the cabinet had between 16 and 37 ministers with 12-15 ministries.[3]
On 27 December 1949, the Netherlands recognised the sovereignty of the United States of Indonesia (RIS). Under the Federal Constitution of 1949, the RIS had a parliamentary cabinet as ministers were responsible for government policy. With the return to the unitary state of Indonesia in August 1950, the parliamentary cabinet system remained due to an agreement between the governments of the RIS and the Republic of Indonesia (a constituent of the RIS). Article 83 of the Provisional Constitution of 1950 stated that ministers had full responsibility for government policy. Over the following nine years there were seven cabinets with between 18 and 25 members.[4]
On 5 July 1959, President Sukarno issued a decree abrogating the 1950 Constitution and returning to the 1945 Constitution. The cabinet was also dissolved. A new presidential cabinet was formed shortly after, but this new cabinet did not follow the 1945 Constitution either, as the office of prime minister still existed, along with deputy prime ministers. Moreover, the offices of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia and Speaker of the People's Representative Council which were supposed to be equal to the president, and the office of Chairman of the People's Consultative Assembly, which was supposed to be above all government branches, were included into the Cabinet. During the final years of Sukarno's presidency, cabinets were larger, peaking at 111 ministers.
During the New Order under President Suharto, cabinets were smaller, and from 1968 until 1998 lasted for the five-year presidential term. Offices that were not sanctioned by the 1945 Constitution were abolished. Following the fall of Suharto and the beginning of the Reformasi era, the presidential cabinet system has been retained.[5]
Until 2010, cabinet ministries were dubbed 'Departments' (Departemen) following the United States model. After 2010, all 'departements' were renamed into 'ministries' (Kementerian), thus bringing them in line with the Netherlands model of ministries and a state secretariat.
Parliamentary cabinets were usually known by the name of the prime minister, but after 1959 they were named after their principal tasking.[6] The complete list of cabinets follows:[7] [8]
| Name of Cabinet | Head of Cabinet | Period of Office |
|---|---|---|
War of Independence | ||
| Presidential Cabinet | Sukarno | 2 September 1945 – 14 November 1945 |
| First Sjahrir Cabinet | Sutan Sjahrir | 14 November 1945 – 12 March 1946 |
| Second Sjahrir Cabinet | 12 March 1946 – 2 October 1946 | |
| Third Sjahrir Cabinet | 2 October 1946 – 3 July 1947 | |
| First Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinet | Amir Sjarifuddin | 3 July 1947 – 11 November 1947 |
| Second Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinet | 11 November 1947 – 29 January 1948 | |
| First Hatta Cabinet | Mohammad Hatta | 29 January 1948 – 19 December 1949 |
| Emergency Cabinet | Sjafruddin Prawiranegara | 19 December 1948 – 13 July 1949 |
| First Hatta Cabinet | Mohammad Hatta | 13 July 1949 – 4 August 1949 |
| Second Hatta Cabinet | 4 August – 20 December 1949 | |
United States of Indonesia | ||
| RUSI Cabinet | Mohammad Hatta | 20 December 1949 – 6 September 1950 |
Cabinets of the Republic of Indonesia | ||
| Susanto Cabinet | Susanto Tirtoprodjo | 20 December 1949 – 21 January 1950 |
| Halim Cabinet | Abdul Halim | 21 January 1950 – 6 September 1950 |
Cabinets of the State of East Indonesia | ||
| First Nadjamuddin Cabinet | Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa | 13 January 1947 – 2 June 1947 |
| Second Nadjamuddin Cabinet | 2 June 1947 – 11 October 1947 | |
| Warouw Cabinet | Semuel Jusof Warouw | 11 October 1947 – 15 December 1947 |
| First Gde Agung Cabinet | Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung | 15 December 1947 – 12 January 1949 |
| Second Gde Agung Cabinet | 12 January 1949 – 27 December 1949 | |
| Tatengkeng Cabinet | Jan Engelbert Tatengkeng | 27 December 1949 – 14 March 1950 |
| Diapari Cabinet | D.P. Diapari | 14 March 1950 – 10 May 1950 |
| Poetoehena Cabinet | Martinus Putuhena | 10 May 1950 – 16 August 1950 |
Cabinets of the State of Pasundan | ||
| Adil Cabinet | Adil Puradiredja | 8 May 1948 – 10 January 1949 |
| First Djumhana Cabinet | Djumhana Wiriaatmadja | 10 January 1949 – 31 January 1949 |
| Second Djumhana Cabinet | 31 January 1949 – 18 July 1949 | |
| Third Djumhana Cabinet | 18 July 1949 – 11 January 1950 | |
| Anwar Cabinet | Anwar Tjokroaminoto | 11 January 1950 – 23 January 1950 |
Liberal Democracy | ||
| Natsir Cabinet | Mohammad Natsir | 6 September 1950 – 27 April 1951 |
| Sukiman Cabinet | Sukiman Wirjosandjojo | 27 April 1951 – 3 April 1952 |
| Wilopo Cabinet | Wilopo | 3 April 1952 – 30 July 1953 |
| First Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet | Ali Sastroamidjojo | 30 July 1953 – 12 August 1955 |
| Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet | Burhanuddin Harahap | 12 August 1955 – 24 March 1956 |
| Second Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet | Ali Sastroamidjojo | 24 March 1956 – 9 April 1957 |
| Djuanda Cabinet | Djuanda Kartawidjaja | 9 April 1957 – 10 July 1959 |
Guided Democracy | ||
| First Working Cabinet | Sukarno | 10 July 1959 – 18 February 1960 |
| Second Working Cabinet | 18 February 1960 – 6 March 1962 | |
| Third Working Cabinet | 8 March 1962 – 13 November 1963 | |
| Fourth Working Cabinet | 23 November 1963 – 27 August 1964 | |
| Dwikora Cabinet | 2 September 1964 – 21 February 1966 | |
| Revised Dwikora Cabinet | 24 February 1966 – 27 March 1966 | |
| Second Revised Dwikora Cabinet | 30 March 1966 – 25 July 1966 | |
| Ampera Cabinet | 28 July 1966 – 12 March 1967 | |
| Suharto | 12 March 1967 – 11 October 1967 | |
| Revised Ampera Cabinet | 14 October 1967 – 6 June 1968 | |
New Order | ||
| First Development Cabinet | Suharto | 10 June 1968 – 27 March 1973 |
| Second Development Cabinet | 28 March 1973 – 29 March 1978 | |
| Third Development Cabinet | 31 March 1978 – 16 March 1983 | |
| Fourth Development Cabinet | 19 March 1983 – 21 March 1988 | |
| Fifth Development Cabinet | 23 March 1988 – 17 March 1993 | |
| Sixth Development Cabinet | 19 March 1993 – 11 March 1998 | |
| Seventh Development Cabinet | 16 March 1998 – 21 May 1998 | |
Reform Era | ||
| Development Reform Cabinet | B.J. Habibie | 23 May 1998 – 20 October 1999 |
| National Unity Cabinet | Abdurrahman Wahid | 29 October 1999 – 23 July 2001 |
| Mutual Assistance Cabinet | Megawati Sukarnoputri | 10 August 2001 – 20 October 2004 |
| First United Indonesia Cabinet | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | 21 October 2004 – 20 October 2009 |
| Second United Indonesia Cabinet | 22 October 2009 – 20 October 2014 | |
| Working Cabinet | Joko Widodo | 27 October 2014 – 20 October 2019[9] |
| Onward Indonesia Cabinet | 23 October 2019 – present | |
| Source: | ||
See main article: Onward Indonesia Cabinet. The present Indonesian cabinet, the Onward Indonesia Cabinet (Indonesian: Kabinet Indonesia Maju), was sworn in on 23 October 2019. The cabinet consists of 34 ministers.