CYP4A22 explained

CYP4A22 (cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily A, polypeptide 22) also known as fatty acid omega-hydroxylase is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CYP4A22 gene.^[1]

This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This gene is part of a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 1p33.

CYP4A22 was once considered, along with CYP4A11, CYP4F2, and CYP4F3, as active in metabolizing arachidonic acid to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) by an omega oxidation reaction with the predominant 20-HETE-synthesizing enzymes in humans being CYP4F2 followed by CYP4A11; 20-HETE regulates blood flow, vascularization, blood pressure, and kidney tubule absorption of ions in rodents and possibly humans.^[2] However, human CYP4A22 is expressed at very low levels in few tissues and may not be a functional enzyme in regard to the metabolism of arachidonic acid to 20-HETE.^{[3] [4]}

Further reading

• Bellamine A, Wang Y, Waterman MR, Gainer JV, Dawson EP, Brown NJ, Capdevila JH . Characterization of the CYP4A11 gene, a second CYP4A gene in humans . Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics . 409 . 1 . 221–7 . Jan 2003 . 12464262 . 10.1016/S0003-9861(02)00545-3 .
• Gainer JV, Bellamine A, Dawson EP, Womble KE, Grant SW, Wang Y, Cupples LA, Guo CY, Demissie S, O'Donnell CJ, Brown NJ, Waterman MR, Capdevila JH . Functional variant of CYP4A11 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid synthase is associated with essential hypertension . Circulation . 111 . 1 . 63–9 . Jan 2005 . 15611369 . 10.1161/01.CIR.0000151309.82473.59 . free . 10.1.1.335.1764 .
• Nelson DR, Zeldin DC, Hoffman SM, Maltais LJ, Wain HM, Nebert DW . Comparison of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes from the mouse and human genomes, including nomenclature recommendations for genes, pseudogenes and alternative-splice variants . Pharmacogenetics . 14 . 1 . 1–18 . Jan 2004 . 15128046 . 10.1097/00008571-200401000-00001 .

Notes and References

1. Hiratsuka M, Nozawa H, Katsumoto Y, Moteki T, Sasaki T, Konno Y, Mizugaki M . Genetic polymorphisms and haplotype structures of the CYP4A22 gene in a Japanese population . Mutation Research . 599 . 1–2 . 98–104 . Jul 2006 . 16806293 . 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.02.008 .
2. Hoopes SL, Garcia V, Edin ML, Schwartzman ML, Zeldin DC . Vascular actions of 20-HETE . Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators . 120 . 9–16 . Jul 2015 . 25813407 . 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.03.002 . 4575602.
3. Gainer JV, Bellamine A, Dawson EP, Womble KE, Grant SW, Wang Y, Cupples LA, Guo CY, Demissie S, O'Donnell CJ, Brown NJ, Waterman MR, Capdevila JH . Functional variant of CYP4A11 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid synthase is associated with essential hypertension . Circulation . 111 . 1 . 63–9 . Jan 2005 . 15611369 . 10.1161/01.CIR.0000151309.82473.59 . free . 10.1.1.335.1764 .
4. Edson KZ, Rettie AE . CYP4 enzymes as potential drug targets: focus on enzyme multiplicity, inducers and inhibitors, and therapeutic modulation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) synthase and fatty acid ω-hydroxylase activities . Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry . 13 . 12 . 1429–40 . 23688133 . 10.2174/15680266113139990110 . 4245146. 2013 .