CXCL7 explained

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 (CXCL7) is a human gene.^[1]

The encoded protein, Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. It is an isoform of Beta-Thromboglobulin or Pro-Platelet basic protein (PPBP).^[2]

It is a protein that is released in large amounts from platelets following their activation.^[3] It stimulates various processes including mitogenesis, synthesis of extracellular matrix, glucose metabolism and synthesis of plasminogen activator.^{[4] [5]}

Further reading

• Begg GS, Pepper DS, Chesterman CN, Morgan FJ . Complete covalent structure of human beta-thromboglobulin. . Biochemistry . 17 . 9 . 1739–44 . 1978 . 77677 . 10.1021/bi00602a024 .
• Kaplan KL, Broekman MJ, Chernoff A . Platelet alpha-granule proteins: studies on release and subcellular localization. . Blood . 53 . 4 . 604–18 . 1979 . 426909 . 10.1182/blood.V53.4.604.604. etal. free .
• Tunnacliffe A, Majumdar S, Yan B, Poncz M . Genes for beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 are closely linked and form part of a cluster of related genes on chromosome 4. . Blood . 79 . 11 . 2896–900 . 1992 . 1316786 . 10.1182/blood.V79.11.2896.2896 . free .
• Cohen AB, Stevens MD, Miller EJ . Generation of the neutrophil-activating peptide-2 by cathepsin G and cathepsin G-treated human platelets. . Am. J. Physiol. . 263 . 2 Pt 1 . L249–56 . 1992 . 1387511 . 10.1152/ajplung.1992.263.2.L249. etal.
• Morris SW, Nelson N, Valentine MB . Assignment of the genes encoding human interleukin-8 receptor types 1 and 2 and an interleukin-8 receptor pseudogene to chromosome 2q35. . Genomics . 14 . 3 . 685–91 . 1992 . 1427896 . 10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80169-7 . etal.
• Majumdar S, Gonder D, Koutsis B, Poncz M . Characterization of the human beta-thromboglobulin gene. Comparison with the gene for platelet factor 4. . J. Biol. Chem. . 266 . 9 . 5785–9 . 1991 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)67665-9 . 1826003 . free .
• Wenger RH, Hameister H, Clemetson KJ . Human platelet basic protein/connective tissue activating peptide-III maps in a gene cluster on chromosome 4q12-q13 along with other genes of the beta-thromboglobulin superfamily. . Hum. Genet. . 87 . 3 . 367–8 . 1991 . 1830861 . 10.1007/BF00200921 . 19420329 .
• Hjemdahl P, Perneby C, Theodorsson E . A new assay for beta-thromboglobulin in urine. . Thromb. Res. . 64 . 1 . 33–43 . 1992 . 1837963 . 10.1016/0049-3848(91)90203-9 . etal.
• Brandt E, Van Damme J, Flad HD . Neutrophils can generate their activator neutrophil-activating peptide 2 by proteolytic cleavage of platelet-derived connective tissue-activating peptide III. . Cytokine . 3 . 4 . 311–21 . 1991 . 1873479 . 10.1016/1043-4666(91)90499-4 .
• Clark-Lewis I, Moser B, Walz A . Chemical synthesis, purification, and characterization of two inflammatory proteins, neutrophil activating peptide 1 (interleukin-8) and neutrophil activating peptide. . Biochemistry . 30 . 12 . 3128–35 . 1991 . 2007144 . 10.1021/bi00226a021 . etal.
• Walz A, Baggiolini M . Generation of the neutrophil-activating peptide NAP-2 from platelet basic protein or connective tissue-activating peptide III through monocyte proteases. . J. Exp. Med. . 171 . 2 . 449–54 . 1990 . 2406364 . 10.1084/jem.171.2.449 . 2187709 .
• Holt JC, Harris ME, Holt AM . Characterization of human platelet basic protein, a precursor form of low-affinity platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin. . Biochemistry . 25 . 8 . 1988–96 . 1986 . 2423119 . 10.1021/bi00356a023 . etal.
• Walz A, Baggiolini M . A novel cleavage product of beta-thromboglobulin formed in cultures of stimulated mononuclear cells activates human neutrophils. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 159 . 3 . 969–75 . 1989 . 2522778 . 10.1016/0006-291X(89)92203-1 .
• Wenger RH, Wicki AN, Walz A . Cloning of cDNA coding for connective tissue activating peptide III from a human platelet-derived lambda gt11 expression library. . Blood . 73 . 6 . 1498–503 . 1989 . 2713489 . 10.1182/blood.V73.6.1498.1498. etal. free .
• Castor CW, Walz DA, Ragsdale CG . Connective tissue activation. XXXIII. Biologically active cleavage products of CTAP-III from human platelets. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 163 . 2 . 1071–8 . 1989 . 2783111 . 10.1016/0006-291X(89)92330-9 . etal.
• Holt JC, Rabellino EM, Gewirtz AM . Occurrence of platelet basic protein, a precursor of low affinity platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin, in human platelets and megakaryocytes. . Exp. Hematol. . 16 . 4 . 302–6 . 1988 . 2966071 . etal.
• Castor CW, Furlong AM, Carter-Su C . Connective tissue activation: stimulation of glucose transport by connective tissue activating peptide III. . Biochemistry . 24 . 7 . 1762–7 . 1985 . 4005226 . 10.1021/bi00328a029 .
• McLaren KM, Pepper DS . Immunological localisation of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 in human megakaryocytes and platelets. . J. Clin. Pathol. . 35 . 11 . 1227–31 . 1983 . 6183294 . 10.1136/jcp.35.11.1227 . 497932 .
• Castor CW, Miller JW, Walz DA . Structural and biological characteristics of connective tissue activating peptide (CTAP-III), a major human platelet-derived growth factor. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 80 . 3 . 765–9 . 1983 . 6572368 . 10.1073/pnas.80.3.765 . 393460 . 1983PNAS...80..765C . free .
• Malkowski MG, Wu JY, Lazar JB . The crystal structure of recombinant human neutrophil-activating peptide-2 (M6L) at 1.9-A resolution. . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 13 . 7077–87 . 1995 . 7706245 . 10.1074/jbc.270.13.7077 . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: PPBP pro-platelet basic protein (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7).
2. Hristov M, Zernecke A, Bidzhekov K . Importance of CXC chemokine receptor 2 in the homing of human peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells to sites of arterial injury . Circ. Res. . 100 . 4 . 590–7 . March 2007 . 17272812 . 10.1161/01.RES.0000259043.42571.68 . etal. free .
3. Majumdar S, Gonder D, Koutsis B, Poncz M . Characterization of the human beta-thromboglobulin gene. Comparison with the gene for platelet factor 4 . J Biol Chem . 266 . 9 . 5785–9 . 1991 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)67665-9 . 1826003. free .
4. Castor C, Miller J, Walz D . Structural and biological characteristics of connective tissue activating peptide (CTAP-III), a major human platelet-derived growth factor . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 80 . 3 . 765–9 . 1983 . 6572368 . 10.1073/pnas.80.3.765 . 393460. 1983PNAS...80..765C . free .
5. Castor C, Furlong A, Carter-Su C . Connective tissue activation: stimulation of glucose transport by connective tissue activating peptide III . Biochemistry . 24 . 7 . 1762–7 . 1985 . 4005226 . 10.1021/bi00328a029.