CST5 explained

Cystatin-D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST5 gene.^[1]

The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes a protein found in saliva and tears. The encoded protein may play a protective role against proteinases present in the oral cavity.^[2]

External links

• The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: I25.005

Further reading

• Brown WM, Dziegielewska KM . Friends and relations of the cystatin superfamily--new members and their evolution . Protein Sci. . 6 . 1 . 5–12 . 1997 . 9007972 . 10.1002/pro.5560060102 . 2143511 .
• Saitoh E, Isemura S, Sanada K . Cystatin superfamily. Evidence that family II cystatin genes are evolutionarily related to family III cystatin genes . Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler . 369 Suppl . 191–7 . 1989 . 3202964 . etal.
• Dickinson DP, Thiesse M, Dempsey LD, Millar SJ . Genomic cloning, physical mapping, and expression of human type 2 cystatin genes . Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. . 4 . 3–4 . 573–80 . 1993 . 7690606 . 10.1177/10454411930040034401.
• Dickinson DP, Zhao Y, Thiesse M, Siciliano MJ . Direct mapping of seven genes encoding human type 2 cystatins to a single site located at 20p11.2 . Genomics . 24 . 1 . 172–5 . 1995 . 7896273 . 10.1006/geno.1994.1595 .
• Balbín M, Hall A, Grubb A . Structural and functional characterization of two allelic variants of human cystatin D sharing a characteristic inhibition spectrum against mammalian cysteine proteinases . J. Biol. Chem. . 269 . 37 . 23156–62 . 1994 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)31633-2 . 8083219 . etal. free .
• Thiesse M, Millar SJ, Dickinson DP . The human type 2 cystatin gene family consists of eight to nine members, with at least seven genes clustered at a single locus on human chromosome 20 . DNA Cell Biol. . 13 . 2 . 97–116 . 1994 . 8179826 . 10.1089/dna.1994.13.97 .
• Freije JP, Balbín M, Abrahamson M . Human cystatin D. cDNA cloning, characterization of the Escherichia coli expressed inhibitor, and identification of the native protein in saliva . J. Biol. Chem. . 268 . 21 . 15737–44 . 1993 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)82317-1 . 8340398 . etal. free .
• Freije JP, Pendás AM, Velasco G . Localization of the human cystatin D gene (CST5) to chromosome 20p11.21 by in situ hybridization . Cytogenet. Cell Genet. . 62 . 1 . 29–31 . 1993 . 8422752 . 10.1159/000133438 . etal.
• Balbín M, Freije JP, Abrahamson M . A sequence variation in the human cystatin D gene resulting in an amino acid (Cys/Arg) polymorphism at the protein level . Hum. Genet. . 90 . 6 . 668–9 . 1993 . 8444475 . 10.1007/BF00202491 . 23090315 . etal.
• Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J . The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20 . Nature . 414 . 6866 . 865–71 . 2002 . 11780052 . 10.1038/414865a . 2001Natur.414..865D . etal. free .
• Dickinson DP, Thiesse M, Hicks MJ . Expression of type 2 cystatin genes CST1-CST5 in adult human tissues and the developing submandibular gland . DNA Cell Biol. . 21 . 1 . 47–65 . 2002 . 11879580 . 10.1089/10445490252810311 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Alvarez-Fernandez M, Liang YH, Abrahamson M, Su XD . Crystal structure of human cystatin D, a cysteine peptidase inhibitor with restricted inhibition profile . J. Biol. Chem. . 280 . 18 . 18221–8 . 2005 . 15728581 . 10.1074/jbc.M411914200 . 12151927 . free .

Notes and References

1. Freije JP, Abrahamson M, Olafsson I, Velasco G, Grubb A, Lopez-Otin C . Structure and expression of the gene encoding cystatin D, a novel human cysteine proteinase inhibitor . J Biol Chem . 266 . 30 . 20538–43 . Dec 1991 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)54958-9 . 1939105 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: CST5 cystatin D.