Casein kinase 2, alpha 1 explained

See also: Casein kinase 2.

Casein kinase II subunit alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CSNK2A1 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Casein kinase II is a serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates acidic proteins such as casein. The kinase exists as a tetramer and is composed of an alpha, an alpha-prime, and two beta subunits. The alpha subunits contain the catalytic activity while the beta subunits undergo autophosphorylation. The protein encoded by this gene represents the alpha subunit. While this gene is found on chromosome 20, a related transcribed pseudogene is found on chromosome 11. Three transcript variants encoding two different proteins have been found for this gene.^[3]

Interactions

Casein kinase 2, alpha 1 has been shown to interact with:

• APC,^[4]
• ATF1,
• ATF2,
• C-Fos,
• C-jun,
• CDC25B,^[5]
• CHEK1,^{[6] [7]}
• CREBBP,^[8]
• CSNK2B,^{[9] [10] [11] [12]}
• DDIT3,^[13]
• FGF1,^[14]
• FGF2,^[14]
• HNRPA2B1^[15]
• MAPK14,^[16]
• PIN1,^[17]
• PLEKHO1,^[18]
• PTEN,^[19]
• RELA,^[20]
• TAF1,^[21] and
• UBTF.^[22]

Further reading

• ole-MoiYoi OK . Casein kinase II in theileriosis. . Science . 267 . 5199 . 834–6 . 1995 . 7846527 . 10.1126/science.7846527 . 1995Sci...267..834O . 1894122 .
• Allende JE, Allende CC . Protein kinases. 4. Protein kinase CK2: an enzyme with multiple substrates and a puzzling regulation. . FASEB J. . 9 . 5 . 313–23 . 1995 . 7896000 . 10.1096/fasebj.9.5.7896000. free . 36327541 .
• Faust M, Montenarh M . Subcellular localization of protein kinase CK2. A key to its function? . Cell Tissue Res. . 301 . 3 . 329–40 . 2001 . 10994779 . 10.1007/s004410000256. 11394831 .

Notes and References

1. Lozeman FJ, Litchfield DW, Piening C, Takio K, Walsh KA, Krebs EG . Isolation and characterization of human cDNA clones encoding the alpha and the alpha' subunits of casein kinase II . Biochemistry . 29 . 36 . 8436–47 . January 1991 . 2174700 . 10.1021/bi00488a034 .
2. Yang-Feng TL, Zheng K, Kopatz I, Naiman T, Canaani D . Mapping of the human casein kinase II catalytic subunit genes: two loci carrying the homologous sequences for the alpha subunit . Nucleic Acids Res . 19 . 25 . 7125–9 . February 1992 . 1766873 . 332535 . 10.1093/nar/19.25.7125 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: CSNK2A1 casein kinase 2, alpha 1 polypeptide.
4. April 2002 . Homma MK, Li D, Krebs EG, Yuasa Y, Homma Y . Association and regulation of casein kinase 2 activity by adenomatous polyposis coli protein . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 9 . 5959–64 . 11972058 . 122884 . 10.1073/pnas.092143199. 2002PNAS...99.5959K . free .
5. January 2003 . Theis-Febvre N, Filhol O, Froment C, Cazales M, Cochet C, Monsarrat B, Ducommun B, Baldin V . Protein kinase CK2 regulates CDC25B phosphatase activity . Oncogene . 22 . 2 . 220–32 . 12527891 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1206107. 11296989 .
6. July 2004 . Kristensen LP, Larsen MR, Højrup P, Issinger OG, Guerra B . Phosphorylation of the regulatory beta-subunit of protein kinase CK2 by checkpoint kinase Chk1: identification of the in vitro CK2beta phosphorylation site . FEBS Lett. . 569 . 1–3 . 217–23 . 15225637 . 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.05.069. 84600671 . free .
7. August 2003 . Guerra B, Issinger OG, Wang JY . Modulation of human checkpoint kinase Chk1 by the regulatory beta-subunit of protein kinase CK2 . Oncogene . 22 . 32 . 4933–42 . 12902976 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1206721. 13054364 .
8. August 1998 . Yamaguchi Y, Wada T, Suzuki F, Takagi T, Hasegawa J, Handa H . Casein kinase II interacts with the bZIP domains of several transcription factors . Nucleic Acids Res. . 26 . 16 . 3854–61 . 9685505 . 147779 . 10.1093/nar/26.16.3854.
9. February 1998 . Kim MS, Lee YT, Kim JM, Cha JY, Bae YS . Characterization of protein interaction among subunits of protein kinase CKII in vivo and in vitro . Mol. Cells . 8 . 1 . 43–8 . 10.1016/S1016-8478(23)13390-5 . 9571630 . free .
10. June 1997 . Marin O, Meggio F, Sarno S, Pinna LA . Physical dissection of the structural elements responsible for regulatory properties and intersubunit interactions of protein kinase CK2 beta-subunit . Biochemistry . 36 . 23 . 7192–8 . 9188720 . 10.1021/bi962885q.
11. October 2001 . Ahn BH, Kim TH, Bae YS . Mapping of the interaction domain of the protein kinase CKII beta subunit with target proteins . Mol. Cells . 12 . 2 . 158–63 . 10.1016/S1016-8478(23)17077-4 . 11710515 . free .
12. January 1999 . Kusk M, Ahmed R, Thomsen B, Bendixen C, Issinger OG, Boldyreff B . Interactions of protein kinase CK2beta subunit within the holoenzyme and with other proteins . Mol. Cell. Biochem. . 191 . 1–2 . 51–8 . 10094392 . 10.1023/A:1006840613986. 257329 .
13. October 2003 . Ubeda M, Habener JF . CHOP transcription factor phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 inhibits transcriptional activation . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 42 . 40514–20 . 12876286 . 10.1074/jbc.M306404200. free .
14. August 2002 . Skjerpen CS, Nilsen T, Wesche J, Olsnes S . Binding of FGF-1 variants to protein kinase CK2 correlates with mitogenicity . EMBO J. . 21 . 15 . 4058–69 . 12145206 . 126148 . 10.1093/emboj/cdf402.
15. June 1999 . Pancetti F, Bosser R, Krehan A, Pyerin W, Itarte E, Bachs O . Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 interacts with protein kinase CK2 . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 260 . 1 . 17–22 . 10381337 . 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0849.
16. June 2000 . Sayed M, Kim SO, Salh BS, Issinger OG, Pelech SL . Stress-induced activation of protein kinase CK2 by direct interaction with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 22 . 16569–73 . 10747897 . 10.1074/jbc.M000312200. free .
17. June 2002 . Messenger MM, Saulnier RB, Gilchrist AD, Diamond P, Gorbsky GJ, Litchfield DW . Interactions between protein kinase CK2 and Pin1. Evidence for phosphorylation-dependent interactions . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 25 . 23054–64 . 11940573 . 10.1074/jbc.M200111200. free .
18. May 2000 . Bosc DG, Graham KC, Saulnier RB, Zhang C, Prober D, Gietz RD, Litchfield DW . Identification and characterization of CKIP-1, a novel pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein that interacts with protein kinase CK2 . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 19 . 14295–306 . 10799509 . 10.1074/jbc.275.19.14295. free .
19. September 2002 . Miller SJ, Lou DY, Seldin DC, Lane WS, Neel BG . Direct identification of PTEN phosphorylation sites . FEBS Lett. . 528 . 1–3 . 145–53 . 12297295 . 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03274-x. 1093672 .
20. October 2000 . Wang D, Westerheide SD, Hanson JL, Baldwin AS . Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced phosphorylation of RelA/p65 on Ser529 is controlled by casein kinase II . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 42 . 32592–7 . 10938077 . 10.1074/jbc.M001358200. free .
21. September 2008 . Allende-Vega N, McKenzie L, Meek D . Transcription factor TAFII250 phosphorylates the acidic domain of Mdm2 through recruitment of protein kinase CK2 . Mol. Cell. Biochem. . 316 . 1–2 . 99–106 . 18548200 . 10.1007/s11010-008-9816-3. 25685775 .
22. July 1995 . Voit R, Kuhn A, Sander EE, Grummt I . Activation of mammalian ribosomal gene transcription requires phosphorylation of the nucleolar transcription factor UBF . Nucleic Acids Res. . 23 . 14 . 2593–9 . 7651819 . 307079 . 10.1093/nar/23.14.2593.