Caudill Rowlett Scott Explained

Caudill Rowlett Scott (CRS)
Type:	Architecture firm
Fate:	Acquired by HOK
Successor:	CRSS or CRS-Sirrine
Key People:	William Wayne Caudill John Miles Rowlett Wallie Eugene Scott Willie Peña Jr. Thomas Abbott Bullock Sr.
Services:	Architectural design, specializing in schools, commercial buildings, and skyscrapers
Founded:	1946
Location:	Houston, Texas, United States

Caudill Rowlett Scott (CRS) was an architecture firm founded in Houston, Texas, the United States in 1946. In 1983, J.E. Sirrine, an industrial engineering firm, merged with the company and the company's name was changed to CRSS, popularly known as CRS-Sirrine. It divested itself in 1994.

History

The firm was started in 1946 by Texas A&M University professors William Wayne Caudill and John Miles Rowlett (1914–1978),^[1] first in Austin, Texas and soon after were located in College Station, Texas. The partners were joined in 1948 by Wallie Eugene Scott Jr. (1921–1989), who was Caudill's student. William Merriweather Peña, another student of Caudill's was hired in 1948.^[2] He was the first employee and in 1949, he was made a partner. He expressed that it would be best to keep the company name with the first three partners names rather than extending it with each new partner.^[3] In 1954, Thomas A. Bullock Sr. (1922-2007) became a partner.

In the 1950s, they were known for building schools,^[4] with a "lean and clean" style. The schools, generally one-story, had simple designs with classrooms on one side of a corridor, maximization of windows for lighting and ventilation, and shed, flat, or gabled roofs. In San Angelo, Texas, the Central High School was constructed with an open design, having 13 buildings on a campus. It was the first fully air-conditioned school in the country. Using the outdoors as an aesthetic, they designed a glass-walled and domed gymnasium in Brownsville, Texas for St. Josephs Academy. The editor of ArchitectureWeek stated that "they became known as masters of modern practice and construction management."^[5] In 1958, CRS moved their office to Houston from Bryan, Texas. They began designing hospitals and had designed school and university buildings in eight countries and 26 states by 1969.

The firm relied on research, including studies and surveys that they conducted, such as with the Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station (TEES) Architecture Division, as well as the publications that they produced. For instance, Caudill authored the book Toward Better School Design. This involved the programming and designing business practice^[6] documented and promoted by William "Willie" Peña in Problem Seeking: An architectural programming primer in 1969 with a CRS programmer, John Focke. Its concepts were incorporated into the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB) in 1973,^{[7] [8]} and it has become a standard architecture textbook.

Over the years, it developed a national reputation and also had international clients. It opened regional offices and the six partner firm employed 250 employees. It became a public corporation, CRS Design Associates, Inc. in 1970 and had added engineering and construction divisions.^[9] It was listed on the American Stock Exchange in 1971. During the 1970's the firm became known for prestigious projects in the Middle East, including Saudi University of Petroleum and Minerals (now known as King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals) in Dhahran, which is notable for its contemporary Islamic design, and Riyadh University. The firm was also active in Kuwait and elsewhere in the Gulf States.^[10]

In 1983, J.E. Sirrine, an industrial engineering firm, became part of the company and the company's name was changed to CRSS, popularly known as CRS-Sirrine. The Sirrine arm of the firm continued to pursue engineering work, much of it in the pulp and paper industry, while the architecture group continued to focus primarily on architecture-related work.

Eventually, the corporation also developed a core group which focused on businesses related to both architecture and industrial engineering. CRS Capital became involved in reinsurance for A/E-related firms and became involved in development of power-generation facilities. In 1994, a few years after the death of Scott, CRSS began divesting itself, selling off the architectural group to HOK of St. Louis and the Sirrine engineering division to Jacobs Engineering Group of Pasadena, California.^[11]

Selected architecture projects

Texas

• Jones Hall, Houston (1966)^[12]
• Albert Thomas Convention Center, now Bayou Place, Houston (1967)
• Texas Pavilion for HemisFair '68; now Institute of Texan Cultures, San Antonio (1968)^[13]
• Willis Library, University of North Texas, Denton (1971)^[14]
• Houston Center, Houston (1978)
• 1177 West Loop South, Houston (1978)
• Fulbright Tower, Houston (1982)^[15]

Continental U.S.

• Olin Hall of Science, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado (1961), received Awards of Merit from two Texas chapters of the American Institute of Architects (AIA)
• Abington High School North Campus in Abington, PA (1964).
• Public School 219, the "dome school", in Queens, New York (1964 design)^[16]
• Roy E. Larsen Hall at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1965)^[17]
• Roslyn High School alterations, in Roslyn Heights, New York (1967)^[18]
• Cypress College in Cypress, California (1970)
• Pima Community College West Campus, Tucson, Arizona (1973)^[19]
• Salanter Akiba Riverdale Academy, in the Bronx, New York (1974)^[20]
• Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (1976)
• Aggie Memorial Stadium, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico (1978)^[21]
• Towers on the Park North, New York (1988)
• Towers on the Park Southwest, New York (1988)
• Chrysler Headquarters and Technology Center in Auburn Hills, Michigan (1993)^[22]

International

• University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia ^[23]
• Ruwais Housing Complex, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates^[24]
• University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Saigon, Republic of Vietnam (1966), not true, author Thierry Delfosse is completely wrong. The Saigon Medical Education Center was actually designed by the American architectural firm Smith Hinchman & Grylls with the collaboration of a group of 5 Vietnamese architects led by Ngô Viết Thụ^[25]

Awards

In 1972, CRS Architects received the Architecture Firm Award, the highest award of the American Institute of Architects.^[26]

In 1975, the firm was given the prestigious Albert S. Bard Award for their design of the Salanter Akiba Riverdale Academy.^[27]

In 2005, it was named "Firm of the Century" by Texas A&M University College of Architecture (in which the CRS Center is now housed).^[28]

Notes and References

1. Web site: Caudill, William Wayne. Stephen Fox. October 17, 2016 . Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association . May 16, 2017.
2. Web site: Architect, war hero William Peña named distinguished alumnus . March 13, 2015. College of Architecture, Texas A&M University. May 15, 2017 .
3. Book: Jonathan King. Philip Langdon. The CRS Team and the Business of Architecture. 2002. Texas A&M University Press. 978-1-58544-206-5. 17.
4. News: Institute enshrines architect of schools . Bill Marvel of the Dallas Times Herald . March 13, 1985. The Seguin Gazette Enterprise . Seguin, Texas. May 15, 2017. 26 . newspapers.com.
5. Web site: Schoolhouse Modernism . Jonathan King. Philip Langdon . ArchitectureWeek. April 8, 2017.
6. Marketing through research: William Caudill and Caudill, Rowlett, Scott (CRS) . Avigail Sachs . December 5, 2008 . The Journal of Architecture . 13. 6 . 737–752 . 10.1080/13602360802573884. free .
7. Book: Jonathan King . Philip Langdon . The CRS Team and the Business of Architecture . 2002 . 978-1-58544-206-5 . Texas A&M University Press . 45–46.
8. Book: Wolfgang Preiser. Professional Practice in Facility Programming (Routledge Revivals). June 11, 2015. Taylor & Francis. 978-1-317-50871-7. 16–24.
9. Web site: William Wayne Caudill - College of Architecture. crs.arch.tamu.edu. 2016-11-17.
10. News: Ibrahim . Youssef M. . Saudi Deal Expected With CRS . 25 January 2020 . The New York Times Company . July 21, 1978 . 6, Section D . PDF.
11. Book: Jonathan King . Philip Langdon . The CRS Team and the Business of Architecture . 2002 . 265. 978-1-58544-206-5 . Texas A&M University Press .
12. Book: Barrie Scardino. Bruce C. Webb. Ephemeral City: Cite Looks at Houston. December 1, 2003. University of Texas Press. 978-0-292-70187-8. 164.
13. Book: T. Irwin Sessions. San Antonio's Historic Architecture. January 11, 2016. Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. 978-1-4396-5555-9. PT2.
14. News: After 40 years, Willis begins to fill . Brittni Barnett . October 20, 2011 . North Texas Daily. University of North Texas . May 16, 2017.
15. Web site: Caudill Rowlett Scott. https://web.archive.org/web/20160312164726/http://www.emporis.com/companies/157038/caudill-rowlett-scott-houston-tx-usa. dead. March 12, 2016. Emporis. May 16, 2017.
16. Web site: Final Bell Nears At Brutalist Southwest Philly Middle School. Bradley Maule. April 17, 2013. Hidden City Philadelphia. May 16, 2017.
17. Book: Nancy B. Solomon. Architecture: Celebrating the Past, Designing the Future. 2008. Visual Reference Publications. 978-1-58471-162-9. 272.
18. News: September 27, 1967 . New School Plan Revealed in Roslyn . . 24 . ProQuest.
19. Book: Anne M. Nequette. R. Brooks Jeffery. A Guide to Tucson Architecture. 2002. University of Arizona Press. 978-0-8165-2083-1. 171.
20. Book: Norval White. Elliot Willensky. Fran Leadon. AIA Guide to New York City. June 14, 2010. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-975864-7. PT2231.
21. Web site: Aggie Memorial Stadium . New Mexico State University Athletics. May 16, 2017.
22. Book: G. A. R. Parke. C. M. Howard. Mr. C. M. Howard. Space Structures 4. 1993. Thomas Telford. 978-0-7277-1968-3. 1462.
23. Book: Commerce Today. 1974. U.S. Department of Commerce. 39.
24. Book: Jonathan King. Philip Langdon. The Crs Team and the Business of Architecture. 2002. Texas A&M University Press. 978-1-58544-206-5. 206.
25. Book: Thierry Delfosse. Saigon Modernist: Fifty Years of Architecture. 2017. 124.
26. Web site: Past recipients. American Institute of Architects. May 15, 2017.
27. Fowler, Glenn. "Bard Awards Honor 8 Examples of Good Urban Design," New York Times (June 12, 1975).
28. Texas A&M College of Architecture names CRS 'Firm of the Century'. Probe. CRS Center for Leadership and Management in the Design and Construction Industry. Spring 2006. May 15, 2017. 1.