CPM (gene) explained

Carboxypeptidase M is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPM gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-bound arginine/lysine carboxypeptidase. Its expression is associated with monocyte to macrophage differentiation. This encoded protein contains hydrophobic regions at the amino and carboxy termini and has 6 potential asparagine-linked glycosylation sites. The active site residues of carboxypeptidases A and B are conserved in this protein. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described for this gene.^[3]

Further reading

• Fujiwara H, Imai K, Inoue T, Maeda M, Fujii S . Membrane-bound cell surface peptidases in reproductive organs . Endocrine Journal . 46 . 1 . 11–25 . February 1999 . 10426564 . 10.1507/endocrj.46.11 . free .
• Book: Rehli M, Krause SW, Andreesen R . Cellular Peptidases in Immune Functions and Diseases 2 . The membrane-bound ectopeptidase CPM as a marker of macrophage maturation in vitro and in vivo . Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology . 477 . 205–16 . 2000 . 10849748 . 10.1007/0-306-46826-3_23 . 0-306-46383-0 .
• Nagae A, Deddish PA, Becker RP, Anderson CH, Abe M, Tan F, Skidgel RA, Erdös EG . Carboxypeptidase M in brain and peripheral nerves . Journal of Neurochemistry . 59 . 6 . 2201–12 . December 1992 . 1431901 . 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10112.x . 19152354 .
• Tan F, Chan SJ, Steiner DF, Schilling JW, Skidgel RA . Molecular cloning and sequencing of the cDNA for human membrane-bound carboxypeptidase M. Comparison with carboxypeptidases A, B, H, and N . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 264 . 22 . 13165–70 . August 1989 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)51610-0 . 2753907 . free .
• Skidgel RA, Davis RM, Tan F . Human carboxypeptidase M. Purification and characterization of a membrane-bound carboxypeptidase that cleaves peptide hormones . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 264 . 4 . 2236–41 . February 1989 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)94167-0 . 2914904 . free .
• McGwire GB, Skidgel RA . Extracellular conversion of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to des-Arg53-EGF by carboxypeptidase M . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 270 . 29 . 17154–8 . July 1995 . 7615511 . 10.1074/jbc.270.29.17154 . free .
• de Saint-Vis B, Cupillard L, Pandrau-Garcia D, Ho S, Renard N, Grouard G, Duvert V, Thomas X, Galizzi JP, Banchereau J . Distribution of carboxypeptidase M on lymphoid and myeloid cells parallels the other zinc-dependent proteases CD10 and CD13. Jacques Banchereau . Blood . 86 . 3 . 1098–105 . August 1995 . 7620164 . 10.1182/blood.V86.3.1098.1098. free .
• Rehli M, Krause SW, Kreutz M, Andreesen R . Carboxypeptidase M is identical to the MAX.1 antigen and its expression is associated with monocyte to macrophage differentiation . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 270 . 26 . 15644–9 . June 1995 . 7797563 . 10.1074/jbc.270.26.15644 . free .
• Nagae A, Abe M, Becker RP, Deddish PA, Skidgel RA, Erdös EG . High concentration of carboxypeptidase M in lungs: presence of the enzyme in alveolar type I cells . American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology . 9 . 2 . 221–9 . August 1993 . 8338689 . 10.1165/ajrcmb/9.2.221 .
• Michel B, Igić R, Leray V, Deddish PA, Erdös EG . Removal of Arg141 from the alpha chain of human hemoglobin by carboxypeptidases N and M . Circulation Research . 78 . 4 . 635–42 . April 1996 . 8635221 . 10.1161/01.res.78.4.635 .
• Skidgel RA, McGwire GB, Li XY . Membrane anchoring and release of carboxypeptidase M: implications for extracellular hydrolysis of peptide hormones . Immunopharmacology . 32 . 1–3 . 48–52 . May 1996 . 8796265 . 10.1016/0162-3109(96)00008-2 .
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB . Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery . Genome Research . 6 . 9 . 791–806 . September 1996 . 8889548 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 . free .
• Yoshioka S, Fujiwara H, Yamada S, Nakayama T, Higuchi T, Inoue T, Mori T, Maeda M . Membrane-bound carboxypeptidase-M is expressed on human ovarian follicles and corpora lutea of menstrual cycle and early pregnancy . Molecular Human Reproduction . 4 . 7 . 709–17 . July 1998 . 9701794 . 10.1093/molehr/4.7.709 . free .
• Li XY, Skidgel RA . Release of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored carboxypeptidase M by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C upregulates enzyme synthesis . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 258 . 1 . 204–10 . April 1999 . 10222261 . 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0619 .
• Bektas A, Hughes JN, Warram JH, Krolewski AS, Doria A . Type 2 diabetes locus on 12q15. Further mapping and mutation screening of two candidate genes . Diabetes . 50 . 1 . 204–8 . January 2001 . 11147789 . 10.2337/diabetes.50.1.204 . free .
• Suzuki Y, Taira H, Tsunoda T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Sese J, Hata H, Ota T, Isogai T, Tanaka T, Morishita S, Okubo K, Sakaki Y, Nakamura Y, Suyama A, Sugano S . Diverse transcriptional initiation revealed by fine, large-scale mapping of mRNA start sites . EMBO Reports . 2 . 5 . 388–93 . May 2001 . 11375929 . 1083880 . 10.1093/embo-reports/kve085 .
• Lendeckel U, Arndt M, Wrenger S, Nepple K, Huth C, Ansorge S, Klein HU, Goette A . Expression and activity of ectopeptidases in fibrillating human atria . Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology . 33 . 6 . 1273–81 . June 2001 . 11444929 . 10.1006/jmcc.2001.1389 .

Notes and References

1. Kas K, Schoenmakers EF, Van de Ven WJ . Physical map location of the human carboxypeptidase M gene (CPM) distal to D12S375 and proximal to D12S8 at chromosome 12q15 . Genomics . 30 . 2 . 403–5 . November 1995 . 8586455 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: CPM carboxypeptidase M.
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: CPM carboxypeptidase M.