COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco explained

COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco
Map1:-->
Disease:COVID-19
Virus Strain:SARS-CoV-2
Location:Morocco
First Case:Casablanca
Arrival Date:2 March 2020
Origin:Wuhan, Hubei, China
Website:covidmaroc.ma

The COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 . The virus was confirmed to have spread to Morocco on 2 March 2020, when the first case COVID-19 case was confirmed in Casablanca.[1] It involved a Moroccan expatriate residing in Bergamo, Italy, who arrived from Italy on 27 February. A second case was confirmed later that same day involving an 89-year-old Moroccan woman residing in Italy who had returned to Morocco on 25 February from Bologna, Italy.[2] As the outbreak widened in Morocco, in mid-March the Government closed schools and suspended international passenger flights.

, there have been 676,683 confirmed cases, of which 598,958 have recovered and 10,163 have died. The government officially counts that 14,981,732 citizens have received the first vaccine injection, of whom 10,870,130 have also received the second injection.[3]

Background

On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan, Hubei, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.[4] [5]

The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003,[6] [7] but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.[8] Model-based simulations for Morocco suggest that the 95% confidence interval for the time-varying reproduction number R t has been stable below 1.0 since November 2020.[9]

Timeline

First confirmed cases

After the two cases confirmed on 2 March 2020, a third case was confirmed on 10 March 2020, a French tourist who arrived in Marrakesh. On the same day, one of the two first cases, a woman aged 89, died.[10] On 11 March 2020, it was announced that the wife and daughter of the French tourist also tested positive, bringing the total cases to 5.[11] That same day, a sixth case was declared in a woman in her sixties that came from France and that presented respiratory troubles on 7 March. On 13 March 2020, two cases were confirmed: a 39-year-old Moroccan man who had returned from Spain and a 64-year-old French woman.[12] [13] The recovery of patient 0 was reported by the Ministry of Health the same day.[14]

Subsequent cases

There were 439,193 confirmed cases in 2020. 407,504 patients recovered while 7,388 persons died. At the end of 2020 there were 24,301 active cases.[15] The government announced that it planned to vaccinate 80% of all citizens, starting with the Chinese-made Sinopharm BIBP vaccine.[16]

Morocco's first confirmed case of the B.1.1.7 variant was reported from Tanger-Med on 18 January.[17] Mass vaccination began on 28 January, initially with 500,000 doses of the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine and two million doses of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine (Covishield).[18]

There were 523,869 confirmed cases in 2021, bringing the total number of cases to 963,062. 532,689 patients recovered in 2021 while 7,461 persons died, bringing the total death toll to 14,849. At the end of 2021 there were 8,020 active cases.[19]

There were 308,533 confirmed cases in 2022, bringing the total number of cases to 1,271,595. 314,655 patients recovered in 2022 while 1,445 persons died, bringing the total death toll to 16,294. At the end of 2022 there were 453 active cases.[20]

There were 6,804 confirmed cases in 2023, bringing the total number of cases to 1,278,399. Six persons died, bringing the total death toll to 16,300. At the end of 2023 there were 187 active cases.[21]

Responses

Transportation

On 13 March 2020 the government of Morocco announced they were suspending all passenger flights and ferry crossings to and from Algeria, Spain and France until future notice.[22] On 14 March 2020, the government announced it was suspending flights with an additional 25 countries. By that date, flights had been suspended to/from Algeria, Spain, France, Italy and China.[23]

On 15 March 2020, the Moroccan government decided to suspend all international flights, and did not announce an expected date for them to resume. It allowed a minority of flights for foreigners wishing to leave to board before completely shutting down its airports on the 22nd.[24]

On 21 June 2020, the government re-opened major airports to serve domestic flights only.[25]

On 9 July 2020, the government announced that international flights were to resume, with access only for Moroccans or for foreigners residing within the Kingdom. Incoming passengers were required to bring a COVID-19 test result from their country of departure, issued less than 48 hours of the time of arrival. Moroccans living outside of, or foreigners residing within the Kingdom were allowed to leave the country.[26]

On 4 September 2020, the government announced that foreigners who were allowed visa-free entry to Morocco can enter the Kingdom's territory conditionally, either through an invitation or a hotel reservation.[27]

On 28 November 2021, the government suspended all incoming international flights in response to the spread of the Omicron variant.[28] International flights resumed on 7 February 2022.[29]

Education

On 13 March, the government decided to shut down all schools, effective 16 March until further notice.[30] Classes were to be continued either online or through TV, with the use of the SNRT channels for levels of a certain importance, such as the Baccalaureate level.

On 11 April, the Ministry of Education announced that tests and exams will take place normally, but later in the year, and admittance to next levels will be based on the same criteria as before, to ensure equity in grades and notes, instead of admitting students based on their grades of the previous semester.

On 12 May, the Ministry of Education announced that tests and exams are cancelled for primary and secondary education, while Bac exam will be held in July and first year of Bac will be held in September. Students aren't going back to school until September 2020.

State of health emergency

On 19 March 2020, the Ministry of Interior declared a "state of health emergency" and subsequent national lockdown both to take effect on 20 March 2020 at 6:00 pm local time for an extendable period of one month.[31] [32] [33] The directive allows for the government to impose restrictions on freedom of movement, which includes curfews and travel restrictions, and other preventative measures depending on the current epidemiological situation.[34] The lockdown required the authorisation of local state officials for citizens to leave their homes, while making exceptions for workers at supermarkets, pharmacies, banks, gas stations, medical clinics, telecommunications companies, and essential freelance jobs. The state of health emergency was extended multiple times since its introduction via draft decrees.[35] [36]

Armored vehicles reportedly enforced the lockdown during the initial weeks of the outbreak.[37] [38] A direct 24-hour hotline was set up to "reinforce direct communication and urge vigilance to fight the impact of the coronavirus pandemic and safeguard the health of citizens."[39] In April 2020, the government pardoned 5,654 prisoners, and it put forward procedures to protect inmates from the COVID-19 outbreak.[40]

On 22 March 2020, the Ministry of Culture ordered newspapers in the country to suspend print production and distribution, and suggested they use alternative methods to distribute content.[41] The government permitted resumption of print publication on 26 May.[42]

According to an article published in Le Desk on 21 April 2020, the Moroccan government outsourced its quarantine strategy to the Boston Consulting Group.[43]

On 9 May 2020, the House of Councillors, the upper house of the Moroccan Parliament, approved a law penalizing violations of the state of health emergency with imprisonment of one to three months and a fine of 300–1,300 dirhams (approximately US$30–132). As of 22 May, 91,623 people were reported to be prosecuted for crimes which included violating the health emergency law as of 22 May 2020, leading to concern from non-governmental organizations and activists.[44] [45]

On 9 June 2020, the government announced a plan to establish two main zones:[46] [47]

Note that commercial activities such as cafés, or any sort of event were still prohibited in both zones.

The national lockdown was gradually periodically lifted throughout the month of June.

In the second half of July 2020, as cases spiked up again (over 10,000 active cases, up from around 200 at the start of the month), the government shifted many regions back to Zone 2, locked down more cities and re-established high-alert quarantine in heavily affected cities.

On 21 December 2020, the Moroccan government announced it would impose a nightly curfew, alongside other restrictive measures, to take effect on 23 December as part of its response to the spread of the virus.[48] The curfew was periodically extended alongside the state of health emergency,[49] [50] remaining in place throughout Ramadan,[51] and was then shortened by four and a half hours on 22 May.[52]

In early 2021, authorities prevented several planned demonstrations from taking place, including a march in solidarity with imprisoned activists Omar Radi and Soulaimane Raissouni, as well as multiple pro-Palestine protests, under the pretext of avoiding "any violation of the measures of the state of health emergency".[53] [54]

A new surge in cases was reported in July 2021, partly due to loose control of health measures in the country, coupled with new variants of the virus, in particular Delta, going from 4,751 cases per day on July 1 to 53,876 on August 1. This prompted the government to retighten health measures, including increasing the duration of the nightly curfew,[55] banning travel to and from Casablanca, Agadir and Marrakech (with the exception of vaccinated individuals and those with a permit), and enforcing the wearing of masks.[56] On 23 August, the government extended the state of health emergency until 31 October at the earliest.[57]

The curfew was reduced by 2 hours starting from 11:00 pm on 1 October, in response to a decreasing trend of daily cases as well as the ongoing vaccination campaign.[58] It was eventually lifted on 10 November.[59]

In December 2021, the government announced that forthcoming New Year's Eve celebrations would be prohibited, enforcing a curfew from midnight to 6:00 am local time, and ordering restaurants and cafes to close at 11:30 pm.[60] [61]

In February 2023, the government council reportedly did not adopt a new draft decree extending the state of health emergency, which was due to expire on 28 February.[62]

Emergency Fund

On 15 March, King Mohammed VI announced the creation of an emergency fund (labelled as Fonds spécial pour la gestion de la pandémie du Coronavirus (Covid-19)) to upgrade health infrastructure and support the worst affected economic sectors. The fund has a volume of 10 billion dirham ($1 billion).[63]

Fighting disinformation

Some critics of the government have been arrested for allegedly spreading fake news on coronavirus.[64]

Ramadan

The government announced that being outside shelter between the hours of 8 pm and 6 am during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan (1441 AH / 2020 BCE) (which started on 25 April) is strictly forbidden for any reason except for special cases, such as logistics.

Others

Statistics

By region

COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco by region
RegionCasesDeathsRecoveries
TotalPer 100,000
inhabitants
Casablanca-Settat187,843 1732,628
Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima43,451 1122,534
Marrakech-Safi38,517 1722,928
Fez-Meknes20,473 unknown1052,121
Rabat-Sale-Kenitra72,100 unknown22688
Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra7,377 4763
Drâa-Tafilalet15,665 47583
Oriental30,373 18204
Béni Mellal-Khénifra17,150 22170
Guelmim-Oued Noun6,706 4145
Souss-Massa34,636 2095
Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab4,455 131
Total<--Figure from source,-->
Latest update: 18:00 UTC
(source: COVID-19 Dashboards)[68]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Morocco: Health ministry confirms first COVID-19 case March 2 /update 2. GardaWorld. en. 23 May 2020.
  2. News: Kasraoui. Safaa. 19 March 2020. Coronavirus Pandemic: A Timeline of COVID-19 in Morocco. Morocco World News. 19 July 2020.
  3. Web site: Le Portail Officiel du Coronavirus au Maroc . The official portal of Coronavirus of Morocco . 17 May 2021 . 20 March 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200320142212/http://www.covidmaroc.ma/Pages/AccueilAR.aspx . dead .
  4. Web site: Novel Coronavirus Information Center . Elsevier . Elsevier Connect. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200130171622/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center. 30 January 2020. 15 March 2020.
  5. News: Reynolds . Matt . What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic? . 4 March 2020 . Wired UK. 5 March 2020 . 1357-0978. https://web.archive.org/web/20200305104806/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus. 5 March 2020. live.
  6. Web site: Crunching the numbers for coronavirus . Imperial News. 13 March 2020 . 15 March 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200319084913/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/. 19 March 2020. live.
  7. Web site: High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England . GOV.UK . en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200303051938/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid. 3 March 2020. 17 March 2020.
  8. Web site: World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus . wfsahq.org. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200312233527/https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus. 12 March 2020. 15 March 2020.
  9. Future scenarios of the healthcare burden of COVID-19 in low- or middle-income countries, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis at Imperial College London.
  10. Web site: Le Matin – Le Maroc annonce le premier cas de décès du nouveau coronavirus. Senhaji. Mounia. Le Matin. 10 March 2020 . fr. 10 March 2020. Morning – Morocco announces first case of death from new coronavirus.
  11. News: Two New Confirmed Coronavirus Cases Reported in Morocco. 11 March 2020. Maghreb Arabe Press. 11 March 2020.
  12. News: Morocco Records Seventh Coronavirus Case in Man Arriving from Spain. 13 March 2020. Maghreb Arabe Press. 13 March 2020.
  13. News: Covid-19 : Un 8è cas confirmé au Maroc (ministère de la Santé). 13 March 2020. Maghreb Arabe Press. 13 March 2020. fr.
  14. News: Coronavirus: First Confirmed Case in Morocco Cured, Ministry of Health. 13 March 2020. Maghreb Arabe Press. 13 March 2020.
  15. Web site: Bulletin COVID-19 quotidien 31 décembre 2020. Ministère de la Santé. 3 January 2021. 1. fr-FR. 31 December 2020. 23 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210123035638/http://www.covidmaroc.ma/Documents/BULLETIN/BQ_COVID_31.12.20.pdf. dead.
  16. News: El Barakah. Tarik. Morocco to use Chinese vaccine to kick off mass vaccinations. 8 December 2020. AP News. Associated Press. 8 December 2020.
  17. Web site: Le Maroc enregistre un premier cas du variant britannique du Covid-19. TelQuel. 25 January 2021. 18 January 2021. fr.
  18. Web site: Morocco receives additional 1 million doses of AstraZeneca vaccines. Morocco World News. 2 March 2021. 25 February 2021. Dumpis. Toms.
  19. Web site: Bulletin quotidian COVID-19. Ministère de la Santé et de la Protection Sociale. 31 December 2021. 1. fr-FR. 11 January 2023. 31 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211231154419/http://www.covidmaroc.ma/Documents/BULLETIN/31.12.2021_SARS-CoV-2.pdf. dead.
  20. Web site: COVID-19 daily bulletin. Ministère de la Santé et de la Protection Sociale. 31 December 2021. 1. 11 January 2023. 31 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221231145039/http://www.covidmaroc.ma/Documents/BULLETIN/31.12.2022.COVID-19.Morocco.pdf. dead. .
  21. Web site: fr. Covid-19 au Maroc: le nombre d’infections cette semaine. LeSiteinfo. 5 January 2024.
  22. News: Coronavirus : le Maroc ferme ses liaisons aériennes et maritimes vers l'Espagne, la France et l'Algérie. 13 March 2020. Le Monde. 14 March 2020. fr.
  23. News: Morocco halts flights with 25 more countries, confirms 18 coronavirus cases . 14 March 2020 . Financial Post . 14 March 2020 .
  24. Web site: Morocco suspends all international passenger flights – foreign ministry . ONDA . 15 March 2020 . 16 March 2020.
  25. Web site: Morocco allows domestic flights, and announces date for international flights to resume . ONDA . 21 June 2020 . 21 June 2020.
  26. Web site: Morocco allows citizens to enter and exit the country conditionally . ONDA . 9 July 2020 . 9 July 2020.
  27. Web site: Morocco allows foreigners to enter and exit the country conditionally . ONDA . 4 September 2020 . 4 September 2020.
  28. Web site: Morocco suspends all incoming flights over Omicron . 2022-06-13 . www.aljazeera.com . en.
  29. Web site: 2022-01-28 . Morocco to end two-month flight ban in February . 2022-06-13 . France 24 . en.
  30. News: Courses Suspended in Morocco from March 16 Until Further Notice. 13 March 2020. Maghreb Arabe Press. 14 March 2020.
  31. Web site: COVID-19: Morocco Declares State of Emergency. 19 March 2020. Morocco World News. en-US. 19 March 2020.
  32. Web site: إعلان حالة الطوارئ الصحية وتقييد الحركة في البلاد. 19 March 2020. MapTanger. ar. 19 March 2020. 20 March 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200320090256/http://www.maptanger.ma/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A6-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1/. dead.
  33. Web site: URGENT. Le Maroc déclare l'état d'urgence sanitaire. live. 2021-11-16. H24info. fr-FR. https://web.archive.org/web/20200319230215/https://www.h24info.ma/maroc/urgent-le-maroc-declare-letat-durgence-sanitaire/ . 19 March 2020 .
  34. Web site: Morocco: Authorities extend health state of emergency through April 10 to stem spread of COVID-19 /update 50. live. 2021-09-06. GardaWorld. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20210906134557/https://www.garda.com/fr/crisis24/alertes-de-securite/451251/morocco-authorities-extend-health-state-of-emergency-through-april-10-to-stem-spread-of-covid-19-update-50 . 6 September 2021 .
  35. Web site: Moumine. مؤمن. 18 April 2020. حكومة العثماني تقرر تمديد "حالة الطوارئ" إلى غاية 20 ماي المقبل. live. Hespress. ar-MA. https://web.archive.org/web/20210126114803/https://www.hespress.com/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7-556900.html . 26 January 2021 .
  36. Web site: 2020-06-09 . L'état d'urgence au Maroc prolongé jusqu'au 8 août . 2022-06-13 . H24info . fr-MA.
  37. Web site: How Arab States Take on Coronavirus: Morocco as a Case Study . 2022-06-13 . Al Jazeera Center for Studies . en.
  38. Web site: 2020-06-24 . Morocco: Government Decides to Ease Restrictions Aimed at Curbing Spread of COVID-19 . 2022-06-13 . Library of Congress.
  39. Web site: New coronavirus hotline launched in Morocco. Yabiladi.com. en.yabiladi.com. en. 26 March 2020.
  40. News: Morocco to release 5,654 prisoners amid coronavirus outbreak. 5 April 2020. Reuters. 5 April 2020. en.
  41. Web site: 2020-03-25 . Jordan, Oman, Morocco, and Yemen suspend newspaper production, citing COVID-19 fears . 2022-02-26 . Committee to Protect Journalists . en-US.
  42. Web site: Abdelsamad . Mohammed . 2020-07-02 . المغرب.. "كورونا" تعمق جراح الصحافة الورقية (تقرير) . Morocco: "Corona" deepens the wounds of the print press (report) . 2022-06-20 . Anadolu Agency . ar.
  43. Web site: Au Maroc, la stratégie de déconfinement confiée à Boston Consulting Group. 21 April 2020. Le Desk. en-US. 22 April 2020.
  44. Web site: 2020-06-09 . Morocco and Western Sahara: End prosecution of activists under new health emergency law . 2022-02-26 . Amnesty International . en.
  45. Web site: بلاغ حول خرق حالة الطوارئ الصحية ليوم 22 ماي 2020 – الموقع الرسمي لرئاسة النيابة العامة . Statement regarding the violations of the state of health emergency on 22 May 2020 - Official website of the Presidency of the Public Prosecution . 2022-02-26 . ar.
  46. News: Voici les mesures de la première phase du déconfinement progressif (carte). 10 June 2020. Medias24. 24 June 2020. fr. 27 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200627053857/https://www.medias24.com/voici-les-mesures-de-la-premiere-phase-du-deconfinement-progressif-10988.html. dead.
  47. News: 10 June 2020. Déconfinement: l'allègement profitera à 61% de la population (El Otmani). fr. Medias24. 24 June 2020. 25 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200625084330/https://www.medias24.com/deconfinement-suivez-les-annonces-d-el-otmani-au-parlement-11001.html. dead.
  48. News: 2020-12-21 . Morocco to impose night curfew over coronavirus fears . en . Reuters . 2022-06-20.
  49. Web site: COVID-19 pandemic - Morocco. live. 2021-09-06. global-monitoring.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20210906134559/https://global-monitoring.com/gm/page/events/epidemic-0001971.gI9QcYw5DD8k.html?lang=en . 6 September 2021 .
  50. Web site: Amt. Auswärtiges. Marokko: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise (COVID-19-bedingte Reisewarnung). 2021-09-06. Auswärtiges Amt. de.
  51. Web site: Morocco: Authorities impose 20:00-06:00 curfew during Ramadan April 13 – May 13 due to COVID-19 activity /update 59. 4 July 2021. GardaWorld. en.
  52. Web site: Morocco: Authorities ease COVID-19 measures, including shortening nightly curfew, as of May 22 /update 63. 4 July 2021. GardaWorld. en.
  53. Web site: 2021-04-27 . Marokko: ondanks coronamaatregelen meerdere protesten gepland in Rabat . 2022-06-13 . Marokko Nieuws . nl.
  54. Web site: Jlassi . Wejden . 2021-03-31 . Maroc: manifestation pro-palestinienne interdite à Rabat . 2022-06-13 . Anadolu Agency . fr.
  55. Web site: 2021-08-02. Covid-19 : le Maroc annonce un couvre-feu national et des restrictions de déplacement. 2021-08-22. France 24. fr.
  56. Web site: البوابة الرسمية لفيروس كورونا بالمغرب . 7 August 2021 . 7 August 2021 . ar . 7 August 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210807064541/http://www.covidmaroc.ma/Pages/LESINFOAR.aspx . dead .
  57. Web site: 2021-08-24. COVID-19: State of Health Emergency Extended until October 31, 2021. 2021-09-05. Maroc.ma. en.
  58. Web site: Toutate. Issam. 2021-09-30. Morocco Announces Easing of COVD-19 Restrictive Measures. live. 2021-10-01. Morocco World News. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20210930184703/https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/09/344690/morocco-announces-easing-of-covd-19-restrictive-measures . 30 September 2021 .
  59. Web site: 2021-11-09. Covid-19: Série de mesures dont la levée de l'interdiction du déplacement nocturne sur l'ensemble du territoire national à partir de mercredi. COVID-19: Series of measures including the lifting of the nightly prohibition of movement nationwide from Wednesday. live. 2021-11-14. Maghreb Arabe Presse. fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20211110142021/http://www.mapnews.ma/fr/actualites/social/covid-19-s%C3%A9rie-de-mesures-dont-la-lev%C3%A9e-de-linterdiction-du-d%C3%A9placement-nocturne . 10 November 2021 .
  60. Web site: 2021-12-20 . Covid 19: couvre feu nocturne et interdiction des célébrations pour le nouvel an . 2022-06-13 . Challenge.ma . fr-MA.
  61. Web site: 2021-12-31 . Maroc : face au Covid, couvre-feu décrété à partir de minuit . 2022-06-13 . France 24 . fr.
  62. Web site: 2023-02-23 . L'état d'urgence sanitaire prendra fin le 28 février . 2023-02-27 . Médias24 . fr-MA.
  63. News: Morocco to create $1 billion fund to counter coronavirus outbreak. 15 March 2020. Reuters. 26 March 2020. en.
  64. News: Morocco makes a dozen arrests over coronavirus fake news . Reuters . 19 March 2020.
  65. Web site: Morocco freezes public sector hiring due to Covid-19 The North Africa Post. northafricapost.com. 26 March 2020.
  66. Web site: Moroccans obliged to wear face masks due to Covid-19 HESSPRESS. hespress.com. 6 April 2020 . 6 April 2020.
  67. Web site: 22 June 2020. Marruecos suspende la Operación Paso del Estrecho este año por la pandemia de la COVID. live. eldiario.es. es. https://web.archive.org/web/20200622165009/https://www.eldiario.es/andalucia/Marruecos-dice-Operacion-Paso-Estrecho_0_1040796704.html . 22 June 2020 .
  68. Web site: COVID-19 Dashboards. ESRI. en. 26 February 2021.

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