Cobra Dane Explained

The AN/FPS-108 COBRA DANE is a PESA phased array radar installation operated by Raytheon for the United States Space Force (originally for the United States Air Force) at Eareckson Air Station on the island of Shemya, Aleutian Islands, Alaska.^[1] The system was built in 1976 and brought online in 1977 for the primary mission of gathering intelligence about Russia's ICBM program in support of verification of the SALT II arms limitation treaty. Its single face 29m (95feet) diameter phased array radar antenna faces the Kamchatka Peninsula and Russia's Kura Test Range. COBRA DANE operates in the 1215–1400 MHz band and can track items as small as a basketball sized drone at distances of several hundred miles.^[2]

The "COBRA" designation indicates a general Defense Intelligence program.^[3]

Classification of radar systems

Under the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), all U.S. military radar and tracking systems are assigned a unique identifying alphanumeric designation. The letters “AN” (for Army-Navy) are placed ahead of a three-letter code.^[4]

• The first letter of the three-letter code denotes the type of platform hosting the electronic device, where A=Aircraft, F=Fixed (land-based), S=Ship-mounted, and T=Ground transportable.
• The second letter indicates the type of equipment, where P=Radar (pulsed), Q=Sonar, and R=Radio.
• The third letter indicates the function or purpose of the device, where G=Fire control, R=Receiving, S=Search, and T=Transmitting.

Thus, the AN/FPS-108 represents the 108th design of an Army-Navy “Fixed, Radar, Search” electronic device.^{[4] [5]}

Description

It initially employed a Control Data Corporation Cyber 74 mainframe computer for data processing.^[6] Data from the radar is sent to the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) at Peterson Space Force Base, Colorado. It is also listed as a partner of the NASA Orbital Debris Program Office and works with the Missile Defense Agency,^[1] under the control of the 21st Operations Group.^[7]

The Cobra Dane radar has been upgraded to be integrated in the Missile Defenses Agency's (MDA) Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS). The improvement includes midcourse BMDS sensor coverage by providing acquisition, tracking, object classification, and data that can be used for cueing, launch of interceptor missiles, and course updates of interceptors while retaining the site's legacy intelligence and space track missions. The Space Force maintains responsibility for the Cobra Dane radar operations, maintenance, and sustainment.^[8]

Technical specifications

• Traveling wave tube l-fed phased-array, all-weather, long-range radar
• Provides midcourse coverage for the Ballistic Missile Defense System. Detects sea-launched or intercontinental ballistic missiles; Classifies reentry vehicles and other missile objects. Provides real-time information to Fire Control.
• Provides tracking of threat ballistic missiles sufficiently accurate to commit the launch of interceptors and to update the target tracks to the interceptor while the interceptor is in flight
• Has one radar face providing 136° of azimuth coverage. The radar face is approximately 95 feet in diameter; overall radar height is 120 feet. Detects objects out to 2000 miles. It operates in the L-band frequency.^[9]

See also

• Cobra Ball
• Cobra Eye
• AN/SPQ-11 Cobra Judy
• PAVE PAWS
• BMEWS
• Eareckson Air Station, Shemya island, Alaska
• Specific US radar and locations
  • Thule Air Base, Greenland
  • Clear Space Force Station, Alaska
  • RAF Fylingdales, United Kingdom
  • Cape Cod Space Force Station, Massachusetts
  • Beale Air Force Base, California
  • Cavalier Air Force Station, North Dakota
• List of military electronics of the United States

External links

• National Security Space Roadmap COBRA DANE Overview
• NASA Orbital Debris Program Office
• Raytheon – Upgrades, etc.
• Space Surveillance Sensors: The Cobra Dane Radar. Article at the Mostlymissiledefence Blog.

52.7372°N 174.0911°W

Notes and References

1. Web site: The Missile Defense Agency - MDA - U.S. Department of Defense . 2009-02-27 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090714010713/http://www.mda.mil/mdalink/pdf/09news0002.pdf . 2009-07-14 .
2. Web site: AN/FPS-108 COBRA DANE . . 2014-10-01.
3. Book: The History of Big Safari. Colonel Bill Grimes, U.R.. 2014. Archway. 9781480804562. 454.
4. Book: Avionics Department. Electronic Warfare and Radar Systems Engineering Handbook. 4. Missile and Electronic Equipment Designations. 2-8.1. Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division. Point Mugu, California. 2013.
5. Book: Winkler, David F.. Searching the Skies: The Legacy of the United States Cold War Defense Radar Program. Radar Systems Classification Methods. 73. United States Air Force Headquarters Air Combat Command. Langley AFB, Virginia. 1997. 97020912.
6. Web site: Press report on Computer sale to PRC (THIS LINK POINTS TO THE WRONG DOCUMENT). 2010-04-02. United States Department of State. 1976-10-30.
7. Web site: Wing adopts new (again) space surveillance mission. Steve Brady. afspc.af.mil. 2014-12-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20141220122540/http://www.afspc.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123343230. 2014-12-20. dead.
8. Web site: MDA - Sensors . Mda.mil . 2022-08-28.
9. https://www.mda.mil/global/documents/pdf/cobradane.pdf