CLC (gene) explained

Galectin-10 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CLC gene.^{[1] [2]}

Lysophospholipases are enzymes that act on biological membranes to regulate the multifunctional lysophospholipids. The protein encoded by this gene is a lysophospholipase expressed in eosinophils and basophils. It hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine to glycerophosphocholine and a free fatty acid. This protein may possess carbohydrate or IgE-binding activities. It is both structurally and functionally related to the galectin family of beta-galactoside binding proteins. It may be associated with inflammation and some myeloid leukemias.

See also

• Charcot–Leyden crystals

Further reading

• Gleich GJ, Loegering DA, Mann KG, Maldonado JE . Comparative properties of the Charcot-Leyden crystal protein and the major basic protein from human eosinophils . J. Clin. Invest. . 57 . 3 . 633–40 . 1976 . 942977 . 10.1172/JCI108319 . 436696 .
• Golightly LM, Thomas LL, Dvorak AM, Ackerman SJ . Charcot-Leyden crystal protein in the degranulation and recovery of activated basophils . J. Leukoc. Biol. . 51 . 4 . 386–92 . 1992 . 1373430 . 10.1002/jlb.51.4.386. 24236041 .
• Dvorak AM . Ultrastructural localization of Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (lysophospholipase) and peroxidase in macrophages, eosinophils, and extracellular matrix of the skin in the hypereosinophilic syndrome . Lab. Invest. . 62 . 5 . 590–607 . 1990 . 2160562 . Weller PF . Monahan-Earley RA . 3 . Letourneau . L . Ackerman . SJ .
• Dvorak AM, Letourneau L, Weller PF, Ackerman SJ . Ultrastructural localization of Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (lysophospholipase) to intracytoplasmic crystals in tumor cells of primary solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas . Lab. Invest. . 62 . 5 . 608–15 . 1990 . 2160563 .
• Dvorak AM, Ackerman SJ . Ultrastructural localization of the Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (lysophospholipase) to granules and intragranular crystals in mature human basophils . Lab. Invest. . 60 . 4 . 557–67 . 1989 . 2709814 . 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12703656 . free .
• Sieker LC . Crystallographic characterization of human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystals . J. Mol. Biol. . 204 . 2 . 489–91 . 1989 . 3221396 . 10.1016/0022-2836(88)90590-6 . Turley S . Le Trong I . 3 . Stenkamp . R . Weller . P . Ackerman . S .
• Weller PF, Bach D, Austen KF . Human eosinophil lysophospholipase: the sole protein component of Charcot-Leyden crystals . J. Immunol. . 128 . 3 . 1346–9 . 1982 . 10.4049/jimmunol.128.3.1346 . 6173432 . free .
• Weller PF, Bach DS, Austen KF . Biochemical characterization of human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (lysophospholipase) . J. Biol. Chem. . 259 . 24 . 15100–5 . 1985 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)42520-8 . 6511787 . free .
• Gomolin HI . Human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal protein: cloning and characterization of a lysophospholipase gene promoter . Blood . 82 . 6 . 1868–74 . 1993 . 8400237 . 10.1182/blood.V82.6.1868.1868. Yamaguchi Y . Paulpillai AV . 3 . Dvorak . LA . Ackerman . SJ . Tenen . DG . free.
• Ackerman SJ . Molecular cloning and characterization of human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (lysophospholipase). Similarities to IgE binding proteins and the S-type animal lectin superfamily . J. Immunol. . 150 . 2 . 456–68 . 1993 . 8419478 . Corrette SE . Rosenberg HF . 3 . Bennett . JC . Mastrianni . DM . Nicholson-Weller . A . Weller . PF . Chin . DT . Tenen . DG . 10.4049/jimmunol.150.2.456 . free .
• Leonidas DD . Crystal structure of human Charcot-Leyden crystal protein, an eosinophil lysophospholipase, identifies it as a new member of the carbohydrate-binding family of galectins . Structure . 3 . 12 . 1379–93 . 1996 . 8747464 . 10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00275-1 . Elbert BL . Zhou Z . 3 . Leffler . Hakon . Ackerman . Steven J . Acharya . K.Ravi . free .
• Dyer KD, Handen JS, Rosenberg HF . The genomic structure of the human Charcot-Leyden crystal protein gene is analogous to those of the galectin genes . Genomics . 40 . 2 . 217–21 . 1997 . 9119387 . 10.1006/geno.1996.4590 . free .
• Swaminathan GJ . Selective recognition of mannose by the human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (galectin-10): a crystallographic study at 1.8 A resolution . Biochemistry . 38 . 42 . 13837–43 . 1999 . 10529229 . 10.1021/bi990756e . Leonidas DD . Savage MP . 3 . Ackerman . Steven J. . Acharya . K. Ravi .
• Larramendy ML . Overexpression of translocation-associated fusion genes of FGFRI, MYC, NPMI, and DEK, but absence of the translocations in acute myeloid leukemia. A microarray analysis . Haematologica . 87 . 6 . 569–77 . 2003 . 12031912 . Niini T . Elonen E . 3 . Nagy . B . Ollila . J . Vihinen . M . Knuutila . S .
• Strausberg RL . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . Feingold EA . Grouse LH . 3 . Derge . JG . Klausner . RD . Collins . FS . Wagner . L . Shenmen . CM . Schuler . GD . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Abedin MJ . Potential roles of galectins in myeloid differentiation into three different lineages . J. Leukoc. Biol. . 73 . 5 . 650–6 . 2003 . 12714580 . 10.1189/jlb.0402163 . Kashio Y . Seki M . 3 . Nakamura . K . Hirashima . M . 21337581 . free.
• Grimwood J . The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19 . Nature . 428 . 6982 . 529–35 . 2004 . 15057824 . 10.1038/nature02399 . Gordon LA . Olsen A . 3 . Terry . Astrid . Schmutz . Jeremy . Lamerdin . Jane . Hellsten . Uffe . Goodstein . David . Couronne . Olivier . 2004Natur.428..529G . free .
• Gerhard DS . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . Wagner L . Feingold EA . 3 . Shenmen . CM . Grouse . LH . Schuler . G . Klein . SL . Old . S . Rasooly . R .
• Nielsen K . Altered expression of CLC, DSG3, EMP3, S100A2, and SLPI in corneal epithelium from keratoconus patients . Cornea . 24 . 6 . 661–8 . 2005 . 16015083 . 10.1097/01.ico.0000153556.59407.69 . Heegaard S . Vorum H . 3 . Birkenkamp-Demtr??Der . Karin . Ehlers . Niels . Orntoft . Torben Falck . 21026845 .

Notes and References

1. Mastrianni DM, Eddy RL, Rosenberg HF, Corrette SE, Shows TB, Tenen DG, Ackerman SJ . Localization of the human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (lysophospholipase) gene (CLC) to chromosome 19 and the human ribonuclease 2 (eosinophil-derived neurotoxin) and ribonuclease 3 (eosinophil cationic protein) genes (RNS2 and RNS3) to chromosome 14 . Genomics . 13 . 1 . 240–2 . Jun 1992 . 1577491 . 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90237-M .
2. Web site: CLC Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin [Homo sapiens (human) ]].