CGB7 explained

Choriogonadotropin subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CGB7 gene.^{[1] [2]}

This gene is a member of the glycoprotein hormone beta chain family and encodes the beta 7 subunit of chorionic gonadotropin (CG). Glycoprotein hormones are heterodimers consisting of a common alpha subunit and a unique beta subunit which confers biological specificity. CG is produced by the trophoblastic cells of the placenta and stimulates the ovaries to synthesize the steroids that are essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. The beta subunit of CG is encoded by 6 genes which are arranged in tandem and inverted pairs on chromosome 19q13.3 and contiguous with the luteinizing hormone beta subunit gene.

Further reading

• Morgan FJ, Birken S, Canfield RE . The amino acid sequence of human chorionic gonadotropin. The alpha subunit and beta subunit . J. Biol. Chem. . 250 . 13 . 5247–58 . 1975 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)41303-3 . 1150658 . free .
• Bo M, Boime I . Identification of the transcriptionally active genes of the chorionic gonadotropin beta gene cluster in vivo . J. Biol. Chem. . 267 . 5 . 3179–84 . 1992 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50712-8 . 1371113 . free .
• Beebe JS, Mountjoy K, Krzesicki RF . Role of disulfide bond formation in the folding of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit into an alpha beta dimer assembly-competent form . J. Biol. Chem. . 265 . 1 . 312–7 . 1990 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)40231-7 . 1688430 . etal. free .
• Weisshaar G, Hiyama J, Renwick AG . Site-specific N-glycosylation of human chorionic gonadotrophin--structural analysis of glycopeptides by one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy . Glycobiology . 1 . 4 . 393–404 . 1992 . 1820200 . 10.1093/glycob/1.4.393 .
• Policastro PF, Daniels-McQueen S, Carle G, Boime I . A map of the hCG beta-LH beta gene cluster . J. Biol. Chem. . 261 . 13 . 5907–16 . 1986 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)38469-7 . 2422163 . free .
• Jameson JL, Lindell CM, Habener JF . Evolution of different transcriptional start sites in the human luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit genes . DNA . 5 . 3 . 227–34 . 1986 . 2424697 . 10.1089/dna.1986.5.227 .
• Otani T, Otani F, Krych M . Identification of a promoter region in the CG beta gene cluster . J. Biol. Chem. . 263 . 15 . 7322–9 . 1988 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)68645-4 . 2452822 . etal. free .
• Jameson JL, Lindell CM . Isolation and characterization of the human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit (CG beta) gene cluster: regulation of transcriptionally active CG beta gene by cyclic AMP . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 8 . 12 . 5100–7 . 1989 . 2468994 . 10.1128/MCB.8.12.5100. 365611 .
• Carlsen RB, Bahl OP, Swaminathan N . Human chorionic gonadotropin. Linear amino acid sequence of the beta subunit . J. Biol. Chem. . 248 . 19 . 6810–27 . 1973 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)43425-X . 4795659 . free .
• Julier C, Weil D, Couillin P . The beta chorionic gonadotropin-beta luteinizing gene cluster maps to human chromosome 19 . Hum. Genet. . 67 . 2 . 174–7 . 1984 . 6204923 . 10.1007/BF00272995 . 25631308 . etal.
• Talmadge K, Boorstein WR, Vamvakopoulos NC . Only three of the seven human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit genes can be expressed in the placenta . Nucleic Acids Res. . 12 . 22 . 8415–36 . 1985 . 6209613 . 10.1093/nar/12.22.8415 . 320381 . etal.
• Talmadge K, Boorstein WR, Fiddes JC . The human genome contains seven genes for the beta-subunit of chorionic gonadotropin but only one gene for the beta-subunit of luteinizing hormone . DNA . 2 . 4 . 281–9 . 1984 . 6319099 . 10.1089/dna.1983.2.281 .
• Talmadge K, Vamvakopoulos NC, Fiddes JC . Evolution of the genes for the beta subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone . Nature . 307 . 5946 . 37–40 . 1984 . 6690982 . 10.1038/307037a0 . 1984Natur.307...37T . 4282776 .
• Fiddes JC, Goodman HM . The cDNA for the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin suggests evolution of a gene by readthrough into the 3'-untranslated region . Nature . 286 . 5774 . 684–7 . 1980 . 6774259 . 10.1038/286684a0 . 1980Natur.286..684F . 4323775 .
• Mise T, Bahl OP . Assignment of disulfide bonds in the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin . J. Biol. Chem. . 256 . 13 . 6587–92 . 1981 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)69030-7 . 7240231 . free .
• Birken S, Fetherston J, Canfield R, Boime I . The amino acid sequences of the prepeptides contained in the alpha and beta subunits of human choriogonadotropin . J. Biol. Chem. . 256 . 4 . 1816–23 . 1981 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)69881-9 . 7462224 . free .
• Lunardi-Iskandar Y, Bryant JL, Zeman RA . Tumorigenesis and metastasis of neoplastic Kaposi's sarcoma cell line in immunodeficient mice blocked by a human pregnancy hormone . Nature . 375 . 6526 . 64–8 . 1995 . 7723844 . 10.1038/375064a0 . 1995Natur.375...64L . 4352863 . etal.
• Lapthorn AJ, Harris DC, Littlejohn A . Crystal structure of human chorionic gonadotropin . Nature . 369 . 6480 . 455–61 . 1994 . 8202136 . 10.1038/369455a0 . 1994Natur.369..455L . 4263358 . etal.
• Bellet D, Lazar V, Bièche I . Malignant transformation of nontrophoblastic cells is associated with the expression of chorionic gonadotropin beta genes normally transcribed in trophoblastic cells . Cancer Res. . 57 . 3 . 516–23 . 1997 . 9012484 . etal.

Notes and References

1. Policastro P, Ovitt CE, Hoshina M, Fukuoka H, Boothby MR, Boime I . The beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin is encoded by multiple genes . J Biol Chem . 258 . 19 . 11492–9 . Nov 1983 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)44254-2 . 6194155 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: CGB7 chorionic gonadotropin, beta polypeptide 7.