CEDU explained

CEDU Educational Services Inc.
City:Running Springs
County:San Bernardino
State:California
Zipcode:92382
Country:United States
Opened:1967
Closed:2005
Motto:"See Yourself As You Are and Do Something About It"
Address:3500 Seymour Road

CEDU Educational Services, Inc., known simply as CEDU (pronounced see-doo), was a company founded in 1967 by Mel Wasserman and associated with the troubled teen industry. The company owned and operated several therapeutic boarding schools licensed as group homes, wilderness therapy programs,[1] and behavior modification programs in California and Idaho. The company's schools have faced numerous allegations of abuse.[2] [3] CEDU went out of business in 2005, amid lawsuits and state regulatory crackdowns.[4] [5]

Origins

CEDU originates from Synanon,[6] a cult founded in Santa Monica, California in 1958 by Charles E. Dederich.[7] Mel Wasserman, the founder of CEDU, was a former Synanon member.[8] According to Maia Szalavitz, author of , "Synanon sold itself as a cure for hardcore heroin addicts who could help each other by 'breaking' new initiates with isolation, humiliation, hard labor, and sleep deprivation."[9] The troubled teen industry has continued to be associated with Synanon and the various CEDU spin-offs.[10] Former students have made the assertion that CEDU was an acronym for Charles E. Dederich University,[11] while CEDU marketing materials claim, this stood for "See Yourself As You Are and Do Something About It".[12]

Program

The average time a child spent at a CEDU program before graduating was years. Teenagers were often held beyond their 18th birthday with conservatorship or extended custody, until they completed the full program.[13] The programs were year-round. CEDU had its own language, derived from Synanon. Three times a week, for 3–4 hours, teenagers would attend "raps," pseudo psychology group sessions led by untrained staff[14] based on Synanon's "the game."[15] Children and staff were incentivized to "indict" residents for minor rule infractions, previous traumas, and "disclosures" or items individuals were ashamed of, in the name of emotional growth. This is commonly referred to as attack therapy, where screaming, swearing, and humiliation is appropriate and expected. At night there would be Group touching, called "smooshing", consisted of hand holding, spooning, snuggling, caressing, sitting on laps, petting hair, was expected of both teenagers and staff. It was common for staff to engage in this form of touch with teenagers.[16] [17]

In addition to raps, in order to advance in the CEDU program, a resident would have to earn the privilege to participate in a workshop known as a "" every three months.[18] The were based on Synanon's "trip", and would last from 24 hours to several days at a time. The were led by unlicensed staff along with teenagers at an advanced stage of the program, known as "upper school". They employed sleep-deprivation, humiliation, exposure to large variations in temperature, guided imagery, loud and repetitive music, regression therapy, physical reenactments of trauma, and forced emoting. The propheets were based on the book The Prophet by Kahlil Gibran as well as the writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. Each used "tools" from the historic literature, that were later used as stepping stones in the program that teenagers were expected to act upon in everyday life. There were seven propheets (Truth,[19] Children's,[20] Brother's Keeper,[21] Dreams,[22] I Want To Live,[23] Values,[24] and Imagine[25]), and two workshops (I and Me,[26] and Summit[27])

During intake, which occurred upon a teenager's arrival to a CEDU program, they were strip searched by staff and upper school residents, were placed in generic clothing after their belongings where taken away, and made to sign a contract consenting to CEDU's agreements. The three most emphasized agreements were no sex, no drugs, and no violence, yet there were agreements for every part of life, including timed showers, the way hair was worn, and the way people must speak. Violators would be sent to the Ascent Wilderness Program located in Ruby Ridge, Idaho, which was CEDU's version of a six-week boot camp, or placed on a "restriction", which included emotional growth writing assignments, manual labor, isolation, "bans" or forbidding a teenager to speak to, look at, or be acknowledged by peers, and sometimes "bans" from singing, smiling, reading, learning, drawing, and being touched.

To graduate from Cedu High School the students were required to complete 232 units. Diplomas were accredited by the Western Association of School and Colleges.[28] There were even restrictions on clothing items allowed at CEDU. Brand names, rock star imagery, and major league sports team logos were banned.[29]

History

Original CEDU period (1967–1985)

CEDU was founded by Merle "Mel" Wassermann. Wasserman had been a furniture salesman and had been involved with sponsoring people undertaking the Synanon program. CEDU was initially based in Reche Canyon and was operating out of a ranch. In 1968, there were 28 people living on the ranch under the guidance of Wassermann, ranging from 13 to 24 years old. However, despite the fact that they were working on the ranch, they were not receiving any payment for their labor.[30] CEDU had been given non-profit status.

In September 1968, CEDU faced a setback when county planners denied their ranch a permit for public use. This decision meant that the program would have to find a new location to continue its operations.[31]

In 1969, CEDU bought a town house in San Bernardino and was also operating a gasoline station in Loma Linda.[32] Contemporaneous newspaper reporting cited allegations of "sex orgies" and "brainwashing", claims that were at the time rebutted at length by CEDU.[33] CEDU was later accused by a critic of telling problematic students that they may end up at California Youth Authority, Juvenile Hall or Patton state hospital if they left prior to completing the program.[34] Cedu moved into the town house property in Running Springs that had previously owned by Walter Houston and turned it into the Running Springs campus.[35] [36] [37]

In a 1973 news article titled "Center a beacon light leading addicts out of world of drugs", it was reported that students were being assigned jobs such as construction, kitchen duties, landscaping, and plumbing.[38] Including digging out tree stumps.[39]

Expansion (1982–1990)

In 1982, a small group of staff and residents known as the "original seven" left the Running Springs, California campus for Bonners Ferry, Idaho, to open Rocky Mountain Academy (RMA). RMA's curriculum and philosophy were identical to the original school, CEDU Running Springs.[40] In 1989, CEDU expanded tuition sources to allow payment from school districts and insurance companies, and started an endowment fund to allow scholarships. On rare occasions, staff and students were transferred between schools. The staff generally transferred campuses for promotions, while students were transferred because the staff felt a "fresh start" was the best (and usually last) option for the student. Rocky Mountain Academy was one of the largest employers in Boundary County, Idaho during the period, diversifying its timber and agriculture economy.

In the 1990s, CEDU expanded with the opening of three programs: CEDU Middle School, a program for 12-14 year-olds on the CEDU Running Springs, CA, campus;[41] [42] when Cedu middle school first opened in 1994, the age group was to . Ascent, a 41-day wilderness camp in Ruby Ridge, Idaho, where many children were sent prior to enrollment before a second CEDU program,[43] and where participant's age varied, ranging from 13 to 20 years old;[44] Northwest Academy, a therapeutic boarding school founded in 1994 for 13-17 year olds located in the state of Idaho near the Selkirk mountains;[45] and Boulder Creek Academy, a therapeutic boarding school, which was established in 1993.[46] cedu also ran another program called Hilltop that was established in 1984.[47] it's age ranged from to .[48]

CEDU Education - Brown Schools (1998–2005)

CEDU Education was sold to Brown Schools in 1998.[49]

Closure

Brown Schools operated 11 boarding schools and educational facilities in California, Idaho, Texas, Vermont, and Florida. Upon closure, several CEDU employees reported to Lake Arrowhead Mountain News that pending litigation against CEDU for abuse and violation of rights as well as citations against the schools contributed to the downfall.[50] In March 2005, Brown Schools declared bankruptcy. The same year, Universal Health Services bid $13.5 million for the Brown School properties in bankruptcy.[51]

During the closure, a group of parents paid for 12 of the students to receive two of the emotional growth workshops[52]

Idaho Educational Services

Universal Health Services Inc.,[53] a public company focused on hospitals and behavioral health centers, subsequently reopened three of the former CEDU facilities: Boulder Creek Academy (located on the former Rocky Mountain Academy property), Northwest Academy, and Ascent Wilderness Program, whose name they later changed to Caribou Ridge Intervention. These operate under the new name of Idaho Educational Services. Each program is overseen by individual directors.

In the news

December 12, 1985 - Rescue teams search for five girls who went missing in a snowstorm during a survival course run by CEDU in the Joshua Tree National Park.[54] The girls were found by a US Marine Corps helicopter safe after a 3-day search, unaware that anyone had been searching for them.[55]

January 16, 1993 - John Christopher Inman goes missing from Cedu High School.[56]

June 26, 1994 - Blake Wade Pursley goes missing from Cedu High School He was last seen about 8 p.m. going out to the barn to check the animals.[57] [58] [59]

July 15, 1994 - A male client from Texas hanged himself with a belt from a pipe of an overhead sprinkler system in one of the dormitories of Lower Camelot at Rocky Mountain Academy in Bonners Ferry, Idaho.[60] [61]

July 28, 1994 - It is revealed that a former CEDU employee and white separatist planned to kidnap students attending Rocky Mountain Academy for ransom, including the children of celebrities Barbara Walters and Clint Eastwood. The employee, who was a friend of Randy Weaver, was fired after federal agents discovered the plot.[62]

June 27, 1996 - John C. D'Abreo files a lawsuit against CEDU in Monterey County, claiming he was physically and emotionally abused at Ascent and Northwest Academy.[63]

November 1996 - Former Rocky Mountain Academy staff and owner of Boundarylines Crisis Intervention Richard "Rowdy" Armstrong is accused of drugging, raping and sodomizing former Rocky Mountain Academy staff and Boundarylines Crisis Intervention co-worker Twila Stephenson.[64]

January 1997 - Five people are injured in a riot at Northwest Academy in Ruby Ridge, Idaho.[65]

March 31, 1998 - Marsha and Ronald Accomazzo file a lawsuit against CEDU. Their son was enrolled at Ascent and Rocky Mountain Academy, and injured in the Northwest Academy riot.[66]

March 31, 1998 - Nancy Dark makes allegations leading to charges against CEDU.[67] Her son was enrolled at Boulder Creek Academy, Ascent, and the Northwest Academy, and injured in the Northwest Academy riot.[68]

April 1, 1998 - CEDU is sued for fraud, racketeering, and battery.[69]

April 5, 2000 - Dianne and Robert Reibstein file a lawsuit against CEDU for neglect and abuse.[70] Their son was at Ascent and Rocky Mountain Academy.[71]

October 8, 2002 - an article titled "Hilfiger CEO Helps Kids" is published by Forbes. It goes into detail how the CEO Joel Horowitz with his friends founded the Friends of CEDU Foundation.[72]

October 13, 2002 - An article titled "When Rich Kids Go Bad" is published by Forbes magazine. Leigh Horowitz, along with several other anonymous CEDU clients, are interviewed.[73]

January 14, 2004 - An article about Boulder Creek Academy titled "The Last Resort" is published by the Chicago Tribune. Several CEDU clients and parents are interviewed.[74]

February 8, 2004 - Daniel Ted Yuen goes missing from CEDU. The missing person case is still open in 2018.[75]

May 26, 2020 - Adam Eget, an actor and comedian known for his work with Norm Macdonald, talks about his experiences with CEDU on The Joe Rogan Experience podcast.[76] Eget describes CEDU as an abusive cult, and talks about multiple examples of child endangerment he saw as a client attending a CEDU School.

September 14, 2020 - This Is Paris, a documentary that covers the time Paris Hilton spent at CEDU School, Ascent Wilderness Program, Cascade School, and Provo Canyon School, premieres on YouTube.[77]

January 17, 2021 - The Los Angeles Times publishes an article where CEDU client Rachel Uchitel describes allegedly having to dig a grave with a spoon and then being forced to lay in it.[78]

April 23, 2022 - Rich & Shameless kicks off episode one of their first season with an exposé on Girls Gone Wild founder Joe Francis. Dead, Insane, or in Jail [79] [80] author Zack Bonnie is interviewed about the time they spent together at Rocky Mountain Academy in the late 1980s.[81]

October 31, 2022 - Los Angeles Magazine published the article “Why Are Police Stifling the Investigation Into 3 Teens Who Vanished From a Controversial Residential Treatment Facility?” The article addresses the disappearance of John Inman, Blake Pursley, and Daniel Yuen who vanished from CEDU School's campus in Running Springs, California in 1993, 1994, and 2004.[82]

March 1, 2023 - Los Angeles Magazine published the article “Suspect No. 1: Inside Daniel Yuen’s Missing Person Case,” which does a deep dive into his disappearance from CEDU School's campus in Running Springs, California on February 8, 2004.[83]

March 14, 2023 - Paris: The Memoir, an autobiography by Paris Hilton that exposes the time she spent trapped in the troubled teen industry including being sent to CEDU School, Ascent Wilderness Program, Cascade School, and Provo Canyon School from the summer of 1997 to January 1999 is published.[84]

Notable alumni

former Staff members

Rudy Bentz[89] - headteacher of hidden lake academy[90] and Academy at swift river.

Michael Allgood headmaster of cascade school.[91]

See also

Related topics
Techniques
Therapies

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 1997-01-20 . The ASCENT Therapeutic Wilderness Program . 2022-04-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/19970120185150/http://www.cedu.com/ascent.html . 20 January 1997 . dead.
  2. Web site: The Man Who Fought the Synanon Cult and Won . Matt Novak . Longform . September 29, 2014 . 2015-01-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150128132506/http://longform.org/posts/the-man-who-fought-the-synanon-cult-and-won . 2015-01-28 . live .
  3. Web site: Synanon's Sober Utopia: How a Drug Rehab Program Became a Violent Cult . 15 April 2014 . 2017-12-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171207085521/https://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/synanons-sober-utopia-how-a-drug-rehab-program-became-1562665776 . 2017-12-07 . live .
  4. Web site: California School For 'Troubled Teens' Had Roots In A Notorious, Militant Cult . Hawkins . Eric . 8 June 2020 . . . 10 February 2023 . February 10, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230210222200/https://www.oxygen.com/crime-news/lost-kids-cedu-school-daniel-yuen-disappearance-synanon-cult . live .
  5. News: Hansen . Dan . Drumheller . Susan . 26 March 2005 . CEDU shutting down . . Spokane, Washington . 10 February 2023 . June 24, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195428/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2005/mar/26/cedu-shutting-down/ . live .
  6. Lots of Tough and Almost No Love. The Lost Kids. Josh. Bloch. 2 June 2020. Universal Content Productions (UCP). March 26, 2023. January 15, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220115021410/https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lots-of-tough-and-almost-no-love/id1514836398?i=1000476638319. live.
  7. News: Charles Dederich, 83, Synanon Founder, Dies. Gelder. Lawrence Van. 1997-03-04. The New York Times. 0362-4331. 2016-03-17. December 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171216115419/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/04/us/charles-dederich-83-synanon-founder-dies.html. live.
  8. Web site: Heller . Matthew . February 18, 2001 . Death and Denial at Herbalife . May 13, 2023 . Los Angeles Times . en-US . "Mel Wasserman, a Palm Springs furniture store owner who had sponsored recovering addicts at Synanon, a drug rehab program, at its facility in Santa Monica.".
  9. Book: Szalavitz, Maia. Help at Any Cost: How the Troubled-Teen Industry Cons Parents and Hurts Kids. 16 February 2006. Riverhead Books.
  10. Book: Rosen, Kenneth. Troubled: The Failed Promise of America's Behavioral Treatment Programs. January 12, 2021. Little A.
  11. Book: Gilpin, Elizabeth . Stolen: A Memoir . Grand Central Publishing . 2021 . 978-1538735442.
  12. Web site: 2001-02-04 . About CEDU - Our History, The CEDU Story . 2023-07-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20010204100500/http://cedu.com/aboutcedu/about_story.html . February 4, 2001 .
  13. Web site: Woodbury . Denise M. . News & Views, 6/1995 - Losing Control? Maybe Not! . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220815230050/https://strugglingteens.com/archives/1995/6/news01.html . August 15, 2022 . 2023-03-19 . strugglingteens.com . "A guardianship grants to the guardian those powers and responsibilities a parent would have for a minor child. In effect, it is a court order extending custody beyond the child's majority.".
  14. Tell it All. The Lost Kids. Universal Content Productions (UCP). Bloch. Josh. 1 June 2020. March 26, 2023. May 13, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220513120537/https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/tell-it-all/id1514836398?i=1000476638322. live.
  15. The Game. The Lost Kids. Universal Content Productions (UCP). Bloch. Josh. 1 June 2020. March 26, 2023. January 15, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220115020620/https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-game/id1514836398?i=1000476638321. live.
  16. Web site: August 27, 2020 . 12 Ways Teen Treatment Has Changed Since Paris Hilton Went to CEDU . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230320001433/https://www.allkindsoftherapy.com/blog/12-ways-teen-treatment-has-changed-since-paris-hilton-went-to-cedu . March 20, 2023 . 2023-03-20 . All Kinds of Therapy . "2. Smooshing was the practice of laying on one another and often included males and females, and often mixed staff with students. This was not required. However, Now, this would be a reportable offense to the licensing department in the state that the treatment program or therapist is licensed. While the intentions of the practice were reportedly to provide connection and attachment to participants, the long-time abandonment of this downright creepy practice is a very good thing.".
  17. News: Hilton . Paris . Paris Hilton: my boarding school hell and how I survived . . en . 2023-05-11 . 0140-0460.
  18. News: 1972-12-14 . Cedu offers hope to young, hard-core addicts - 1972-12-14 . 34 . Corvallis Gazette-Times . 2023-08-12.
  19. Web site: Truth Propheet Script. January 9, 2022. January 9, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220109064305/https://lathroplybrook.com/truth/. live.
  20. Web site: Children's Propheet Script. January 9, 2022. January 11, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220111092035/https://lathroplybrook.com/childrens/. live.
  21. Web site: Brother's Keeper Propheet Script. January 9, 2022. January 9, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220109064303/https://lathroplybrook.com/brothers-keeper/. live.
  22. Web site: Dreams Script. January 9, 2022. January 9, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220109064301/https://lathroplybrook.com/dreams/. live.
  23. Web site: I Want To Live Script. January 9, 2022. January 11, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220111092119/https://lathroplybrook.com/i-want-to-live/. live.
  24. Web site: Values Script. January 9, 2022. January 9, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220109064300/https://lathroplybrook.com/values/. live.
  25. Web site: Imagine Script. January 9, 2022. January 11, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220111092323/https://lathroplybrook.com/imagine/. live.
  26. Web site: I and Me Workshop Script. January 9, 2022. January 9, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220109064301/https://lathroplybrook.com/I-and-Me/. live.
  27. Web site: Summit Workshop Script. January 9, 2022. January 9, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220109064307/https://lathroplybrook.com/Summit/. live.
  28. Book: Caring for kids with special needs : residential programs for children and adolescents . Peterson's Guides. . 1994 . 9781560792994 . 2nd . 266 . "To graduate, a student must complete 232 units of credit. These must include the following: 40 units of English, 30 units of social science, 20 units of mathematics, 20 units of science, 20 units of physical education, 10 units of fine arts or foreign language, 5 units of health, 85 units of electives, and 2 units of computer science. Graduates receive a diploma accredited by WASC.".
  29. Book: Mike, Davison . An Invitation to Personal Peace;Guidelines To Help You Move Further Along Your Path . 1st World Publishing . 2007 . 9781421899428 . "One of the first things that occurred when students were admitted to the school was that all brand name vanity clothes were confiscated by the staff and given to the parents to take home. Items such as jackets depicting gang symbols, Clothing picturing famous rock stars, even clothing with major league sports team logos or player's names and numbers on them were taken away.".
  30. News: Pasik . Herb . 12 July 1968 . Cedu....an experiment in youth work . 3 . Redlands Daily Facts . 24 March 2023 . March 25, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230325183621/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104607799/cedu-an-experiment-in-youth-work/ . live .
  31. News: Shoemaker . Marjie . 25 September 1968 . Riverside County Planners Deny Cedu Ranch Permit . 20 . The San Bernardino County Sun . 24 March 2023 . March 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230326123508/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104609367/riverside-county-planners-deny-cedu/ . live .
  32. News: Shoemaker . Marjie . Clipped From The San Bernardino County Sun . 12 March 2023 . The San Bernardino County Sun . 9 April 1969 . 25 . March 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230326123545/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/72101608/the-san-bernardino-county-sun/ . live .
  33. News: Green . Tom . Clipped From The San Bernardino County Sun . 12 March 2023 . The San Bernardino County Sun . 30 November 1969 . 14 . March 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230326123607/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9117658/the-san-bernardino-county-sun/ . live .
  34. News: Green . Tom . Critics assert Cedu destroying teenagers - Part 2 - 1969-11-30 . 12 March 2023 . The San Bernardino County Sun . 30 November 1969 . 18 . March 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230326123550/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104616606/critics-assert-cedu-destroying/ . live .
  35. Web site: Katz . Jesse . 1991-11-25 . Selznick's Mountain Retreat Burns : Fire: Renowned for parties in Hollywood's Golden Age, the late producer's mansion is destroyed when fireplace flames eat through mortar. . 2023-08-12 . Los Angeles Times . en-US . Just down the road, Oscar-winning actor Walter Huston had built a palatial home of his own in the early 1930s--now a boarding school for troubled teen-agers, according to Robinson’s book and residents..
  36. Web site: Sichel . Jared . 2015-01-28 . The rebirth of Running Springs . 2023-08-12 . Jewish Journal . en-US.
  37. Book: Davidson, Mike . An Invitation to Personal Peace;Guidelines To Help You Move Further Along Your Path . 1st World Publishing . 2007 . 9781421899428 . "Eventually, he discovered an old abandoned hunting lodge that once belonged to the Hollywood producer, John Hunston's grandfather.".
  38. News: Sitomer . Curtis . August 5, 1973 . Center a beacon light leading addicts out of world of drugs . 4 . The Columbian . March 22, 2023 . March 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230326123611/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104617974/center-a-beacon-light-leading-addicts/ . live .
  39. Web site: 2020-06-09 . 'The Lost Kids' Podcast Explores Missing Teen Daniel Yeun and 'Tough Love' Boarding Schools . 2023-08-12 . Inside Edition . en-US . "Students were given only limited schooling, with the majority of their time spent in the sessions and performing chores and manual labor such as digging out tree stumps.".
  40. Book: National Directory of Alcoholism Treatment Programs . 1981 . U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism . en . June 5, 2022 . March 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230326123550/https://books.google.com/books?id=sFba46oDGKIC&pg=PA34 . live .
  41. Web site: 1998-01-20 . CEDU Middle School . 2023-07-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/19980120051125/http://cedu.com/cedums.html . January 20, 1998 .
  42. Web site: 2002-01-05 . CEDU Middle School - Introduction . 2023-07-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20020105230505/http://www.cedumiddleschool.com/cedums.html . January 5, 2002 .
  43. Web site: Extreme Sports . 2023-07-30 . www.cedu-ascent.com.
  44. Book: Caring for kids with special needs : residential programs for children and adolescents . Peterson's Guides . 1994 . 9781560792994 . 2nd . 264.
  45. Web site: 2001-08-01 . Boarding School for Troubled Teenagers-Northwest Academy . 2023-07-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20010801234408/http://www.cedu.com/schools/nwa/nwa.html . August 1, 2001 .
  46. Book: Peterson's guide to private secondary schools, 1996-97 . Peterson's Guides . 1996 . 1560795867 . 17th . 1182.
  47. Book: Caring for kids with special needs : residential programs for children and adolescents (2nd ed.) . Peterson's Guides . 1994 . 9781560792994 . 280 . "The Hilltop community was established in 1984 as an adjunct to CEDU school.".
  48. News: 1994-02-06 . Cedu clip . 413 . The Los Angeles Times . 2023-08-12.
  49. News: Moseley . Joan . 17 August 2005 . CEDU School Sold for $4.3 Million . Mountain News . 25 March 2023 . March 25, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230325121018/https://mountain-news.com/news/29467/cedu-school-sold-for-43-million/ . live .
  50. http://www.mountain-news.com/articles/2005/03/31/news/news1.txt CEDU School Declares Bankruptcy
  51. Web site: A Business Built On the Troubles Of Teenagers; Schools Are Popping Up to Deal With Drug and Behavior Issues. August 17, 2005. The New York Times. February 15, 2017. April 19, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120419050351/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/17/business/17teen.html. live.
  52. News: Neufield . Michael . 6 April 2005 . Workshops Slated For 12 Former CEDU Students . Mountain News . 25 March 2023 . March 25, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230325122255/https://mountain-news.com/news/31082/workshops-slated-for-12-former-cedu-students/ . live .
  53. News: Universal Health Services Inc.. The New York Times. February 15, 2017. December 20, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161220151104/http://www.nytimes.com/topic/company/universal-health-services-inc. live.
  54. Web site: 12 December 1985 . California Digital newspaper Collection . live . California Digital newspaper Collection . July 9, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220709003413/https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=DS19851212.2.8&srpos=1&e=------198-en--20--1--txt-txIN-cedu-------1 .
  55. Web site: 13 December 1985 . Teen-age girls taking survival course found unharmed after 3-day search . California Digital newspaper Collection .
  56. News: Are Police Stifling the Investigation Into 3 Teens Who Vanished From a Controversial Residential Treatment Facility? . en . LAmag - Culture, Food, Fashion, News & Los Angeles . 2023-08-12.
  57. Web site: 2009-06-25 . 15 years later, boy who vanished from Running Springs school still missing . 2023-08-12 . San Bernardino Sun . en-US.
  58. News: 1994-07-01 . Article clipped from The San Bernardino County Sun . 4 . The San Bernardino County Sun . 2023-08-12.
  59. Web site: Missing Person Case . 2023-08-12 . National Missing and Unidentified Persons System . "Pursley was last seen June 27, 1994. He was living at a residential youth facility the CEDU School, east of Lake Arrowhead, San Bernardino.".
  60. Web site: Boy Hangs Himself in Dormitory. Kevin. Keating. July 19, 1994. The Spokesman-Review. January 7, 2022. April 22, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220422232952/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19940719&id=Wz8xAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cAoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3412,5099278. live.
  61. Web site: Spokesman-Review excerpt. October 9, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080916083620/http://www.teenliberty.org/RMA.htm. September 16, 2008.
  62. Web site: 1986 Kidnap Plot Revealed. The Register-Guard. January 6, 2022. January 6, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220106063016/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19940728&id=xt9WAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ousDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3954,6797602. live.
  63. Web site: Teen Sues North Idaho Therapy Camps Family Says Boy Was Abused. Julie. Titone. July 11, 1996. The Spokesman-Review. January 7, 2022. January 7, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220107010628/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/jul/11/teen-sues-north-idaho-therapy-cs-family-says/. live.
  64. Web site: Woman Sues Ex-Boss, Alleging Sexual Assault Lawsuit Claims Man Drugged, Raped and Sodomized Woman. Kevin. Keating. The Spokesman-Review. January 6, 2022. January 6, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220106063052/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/nov/07/woman-sues-ex-boss-alleging-sexual-assault/?amp-content=amp. live.
  65. Web site: Parents, Authorities Trying To Get To Bottom Of Riot No Charges Filed After Violent Outbreak At Academy For Troubled Teens. Kevin. Keating. The Spokesman-Review. January 6, 2022. January 6, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220106063039/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1997/jan/11/parents-authorities-trying-to-get-to-bottom-of/?amp-content=amp. live.
  66. Web site: Accomazzo v. CEDU Educational Services. December 28, 2000. FindLaw. January 7, 2022. January 7, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220107010615/https://caselaw.findlaw.com/id-supreme-court/1023287.html. live.
  67. Web site: Lewis v. CEDU Educational Services. December 28, 2000. FindLaw. January 7, 2022. January 7, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220107010617/https://caselaw.findlaw.com/id-supreme-court/1490163.html. live.
  68. Web site: Lewis v. CEDU Educational Services. December 28, 2000. Leagle. January 7, 2022. August 27, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210827005922/https://www.leagle.com/decision/2000116215p3d114711155. live.
  69. Web site: Suit Says Schools For Troubled Teens Set Stage For Abuse State Report Says Allegations By Former Students Are Valid. Kevin. Keating. April 1, 1998. The Spokesman-Review. January 6, 2022. January 6, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220106063017/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1998/apr/01/suit-says-schools-for-troubled-teens-set-stage/?amp-content=amp. live.
  70. Web site: Reibstein v. CEDU/Rocky Mountain Academy. December 20, 2000. Casetext. January 7, 2022. January 7, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220107010617/https://casetext.com/case/reibstein-v-cedurocky-mountain-academy. live.
  71. Web site: Dianne Reibstein, Robert Reibstein, and David Phillips v. CEDU/Rocky Mountain Academy. December 20, 2000. Eastern District of Pennsylvania, United States District Court. January 7, 2022. January 7, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220107035434/https://www.paed.uscourts.gov/documents/opinions/00D0945P.pdf. live.
  72. Web site: Hilfiger CEO Helps Kids . 2023-05-11 . Forbes . en . "Horowitz wants to change all that. Four years ago he co-founded the Friends of CEDU Foundation. Contributions from him and the Tommy Hilfiger Foundation comprise the bulk of the $500,000 fund.".
  73. Web site: When Rich Kids Go Bad. Erika. Brown. October 13, 2002. Forbes. January 7, 2022. January 7, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220107063432/https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2002/1014/140.html. live.
  74. Web site: The Last Resort. Bonnie Miller. Rubin. January 14, 2004. Chicago Tribune. January 7, 2022. January 7, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220107011744/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2004-01-14-0401140188-story.html. live.
  75. Web site: New clues emerge 15 years after teen's disappearance: 'We just want to know he's safe,' family says . 2023-03-25 . ABC News . en . March 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230301204255/https://abcnews.go.com/US/clues-emerge-15-years-teens-disappearance-safe-family/story?id=60443656 . live .
  76. live. https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/cAv3p5vv5cs. December 11, 2021. Adam Eget Survived Three Years in an Abusive Cult . YouTube.
  77. Web site: This Is Paris. Alexandra. Dean. September 14, 2020. The Intellectual Property Corporation (IPC). January 4, 2022. January 4, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220104204323/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wOg0TY1jG3w. live.
  78. Web site: Kaufman . Amy . January 17, 2021 . Will Rachel Uchitel Ever be Able to Leave the Word 'Mistress' Behind Her? . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220106080704/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2021-01-17/rachel-uchitel-tiger-woods-hbo-documentary . January 6, 2022 . January 6, 2022 . "They made me dig a grave with a spoon and then lay in it," . Los Angeles Times.
  79. Book: Bonnie, Zack. Dead, Insane, or in Jail. July 23, 2015. Not With The Program. 978-0996337823 .
  80. Book: Bonnie, Zack. Dead, Insane, or in Jail: Overwritten. February 26, 2018. Not With The Program. 978-0996337830 .
  81. Web site: Girls Gone Wild Exposed. April 23, 2022. Rich & Shameless. March 19, 2023. March 19, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230319033320/https://www.tntdrama.com/shows/rich-shameless/season-1/episode-1/girls-gone-wild-exposed. live.
  82. News: Why Are Police Stifling the Investigation Into 3 Teens Who Vanished From a Controversial Residential Treatment Facility?. David. Safran. Lamag - Culture, Food, Fashion, News & Los Angeles . October 31, 2022. Los Angeles Magazine. March 19, 2023. March 19, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230319033323/https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/cedu-running-springs-san-bernadino-sheriffs-department-daniel-yuen-john-inman-blake-pursley. live.
  83. News: Safran . David . March 1, 2023 . Suspect No. 1: Inside Daniel Yuen's Missing Person Case . Lamag - Culture, Food, Fashion, News & Los Angeles . . live . March 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319033320/https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/daniel-yuen-cedu-missing-person-san-bernardino . March 19, 2023 . 1522-9149.
  84. Book: Hilton, Paris . Paris: The Memoir . . 14 March 2023 . 9780008524463.
  85. News: Roberts . Sam . 2022-05-13 . Val Broeksmit, 46, Who Blew the Whistle on Deutsche Bank, Dies (Published 2022) . en . . 2023-08-12 . 1645522 . "Val was expelled from the Dublin School in New Hampshire for various infractions when he was 13, but he managed to get through Rocky Mountain Academy, a school for troubled teenagers in northern Idaho, and graduated from Albright College in Reading, Pa., in 1999.".
  86. Web site: Rogan . Joe . May 26, 2020 . Adam Eget Survived Three Years in an Abusive Cult . December 15, 2023 . YouTube.
  87. Web site: Dunphey . Kyle . 2023-03-17 . In new book, Paris Hilton recalls abuse at the hands of former Provo Canyon School staff . 2023-08-12 . Deseret News . en . "The Provo Canyon School wasn’t Hilton’s first experience at a treatment center. In “Paris,” she recalls first being sent to the now defunct CEDU, a boarding school in California; Ascent, a wilderness treatment program in Montana; then The Cascade School, also in California.".
  88. News: 2021-08-09 . This Is Rachel Uchitel, Representing Herself (Published 2021) . The New York Times . en . 2023-08-12 . "But her parents divorced, sending her to CEDU in Running Springs, Calif., a boarding school with ties to the Synanon cult." . Rosman . Katherine .
  89. Book: Marcus, Dave . What it takes to pull me through: why teenagers get in trouble-- and how four of them got out . 2005 . Houghton Mifflin . 978-0-618-14545-4 . Boston . 328 . "I constructed my own based on interviews with Lon Woodbury and former staff of CEDU, including Rudy and Jill Bentz; Michael Allgood; and Linda Houghton, who developed CEDU'S parent program.".
  90. Book: Peterson's private secondary schools, 1998-99 . . 1998 . 9781560799726 . 19th . Princeton, New Jersey . 1274 . 5164250814.
  91. Book: Peterson's guide to private secondary schools, 1996-97 . . 1996 . 9781560795865 . 17th . 572.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "CEDU".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.