CEBPG explained

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein gamma (C/EBPγ) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEBPG gene.^{[1] [2]} This gene has no introns.

The C/EBP family of transcription factors regulates viral and cellular CCAAT/enhancer element-mediated transcription. C/EBP proteins contain the bZIP region, which is characterized by two motifs in the C-terminal half of the protein: a basic region involved in DNA binding and a leucine zipper motif involved in dimerization. The C/EBP family consist of several related proteins, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, C/EBPγ, C/EBPδ, C/EBPζ, and C/EBPε, that form homodimers and that form heterodimers with each other. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein gamma may cooperate with Fos to bind the positive regulatory element-I (PRE-I) enhancer elements.^[3]

C/EBPγ forms heterodimer with ATF4 for transcriptional activation of target genes in autophagy specifically to amino acid starvation.^[4]

C/EBPγ along with its regulator, the trauma-induced transcription factor EGR1, plays an important role in the development of chronic pain and mechanical hypersensitivity after some types of injury or surgery.^[5]

Further reading

• Nishizawa M, Nagata S . cDNA clones encoding leucine-zipper proteins which interact with G-CSF gene promoter element 1-binding protein . FEBS Letters . 299 . 1 . 36–38 . March 1992 . 1371974 . 10.1016/0014-5793(92)80094-W . 34097395 . 1992FEBSL.299...36N .
• Thomassin H, Hamel D, Bernier D, Guertin M, Belanger L . Molecular cloning of two C/EBP-related proteins that bind to the promoter and the enhancer of the alpha 1-fetoprotein gene. Further analysis of C/EBP beta and C/EBP gamma . Nucleic Acids Research . 20 . 12 . 3091–3098 . June 1992 . 1377818 . 312443 . 10.1093/nar/20.12.3091 .
• Nishizawa M, Wakabayashi-Ito N, Nagata S . Molecular cloning of cDNA and a chromosomal gene encoding GPE1-BP, a nuclear protein which binds to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor promoter element 1 . FEBS Letters . 282 . 1 . 95–97 . April 1991 . 1709121 . 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80452-9 . 948618 . free . 1991FEBSL.282...95N .
• Cooper C, Henderson A, Artandi S, Avitahl N, Calame K . Ig/EBP (C/EBP gamma) is a transdominant negative inhibitor of C/EBP family transcriptional activators . Nucleic Acids Research . 23 . 21 . 4371–4377 . November 1995 . 7501458 . 307392 . 10.1093/nar/23.21.4371 .
• Lundgren M, Larsson C, Femino A, Xu M, Stavnezer J, Severinson E . Activation of the Ig germ-line gamma 1 promoter. Involvement of C/enhancer-binding protein transcription factors and their possible interaction with an NF-IL-4 site . Journal of Immunology . 153 . 7 . 2983–2995 . October 1994 . 8089482 . 10.4049/jimmunol.153.7.2983 . 24982598 .
• Martin ML, Lieberman PM, Curran T . Fos-Jun dimerization promotes interaction of the basic region with TFIIE-34 and TFIIF . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 16 . 5 . 2110–2118 . May 1996 . 8628277 . 231198 . 10.1128/mcb.16.5.2110 .
• Gao H, Parkin S, Johnson PF, Schwartz RC . C/EBP gamma has a stimulatory role on the IL-6 and IL-8 promoters . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 . 41 . 38827–38837 . October 2002 . 12177065 . 10.1074/jbc.M206224200 . free .
• Hattori T, Ohoka N, Inoue Y, Hayashi H, Onozaki K . C/EBP family transcription factors are degraded by the proteasome but stabilized by forming dimer . Oncogene . 22 . 9 . 1273–1280 . March 2003 . 12618752 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1206204 . 1351748 .
• Newman JR, Keating AE . Comprehensive identification of human bZIP interactions with coiled-coil arrays . Science . 300 . 5628 . 2097–2101 . June 2003 . 12805554 . 10.1126/science.1084648 . 36715183 . free . 2003Sci...300.2097N .
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–1178 . October 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 4427026 . 2005Natur.437.1173R .
• Mullins DN, Crawford EL, Khuder SA, Hernandez DA, Yoon Y, Willey JC . CEBPG transcription factor correlates with antioxidant and DNA repair genes in normal bronchial epithelial cells but not in individuals with bronchogenic carcinoma . BMC Cancer . 5 . 141 . October 2005 . 16255782 . 1310620 . 10.1186/1471-2407-5-141 . free .

Notes and References

1. Williams SC, Cantwell CA, Johnson PF . A family of C/EBP-related proteins capable of forming covalently linked leucine zipper dimers in vitro . Genes & Development . 5 . 9 . 1553–1567 . September 1991 . 1884998 . 10.1101/gad.5.9.1553 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: CEBPG CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), gamma.
3. Davydov IV, Bohmann D, Krammer PH, Li-Weber M . Cloning of the cDNA encoding human C/EBP gamma, a protein binding to the PRE-I enhancer element of the human interleukin-4 promoter . Gene . 161 . 2 . 271–275 . August 1995 . 7665092 . 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00271-7 .
4. Kim D, Kim J, Yu YS, Kim YR, Baek SH, Won KJ . Systemic approaches using single cell transcriptome reveal that C/EBPγ regulates autophagy under amino acid starved condition . Nucleic Acids Research . 50 . 13 . 7298–7309 . July 2022 . 35801910 . 9303372 . 10.1093/nar/gkac593 . free .
5. Mamet J, Klukinov M, Yaksh TL, Malkmus SA, Williams S, Harris S, Manning DC, Taylor BK, Donahue RR, Porreca F, Xie JY, Oyarzo J, Brennan TJ, Subieta A, Schmidt WK, Yeomans DC . Single intrathecal administration of the transcription factor decoy AYX1 prevents acute and chronic pain after incisional, inflammatory, or neuropathic injury . Pain . 155 . 2 . 322–333 . February 2014 . 24145208 . 10.1016/j.pain.2013.10.015 . 29286007 .