CDC16 explained

Cell division cycle protein 16 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDC16 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

This gene encodes a component protein of the APC complex, which is composed of eight proteins and functions as a protein ubiquitin ligase. The APC complex is a cyclin degradation system that governs exit from mitosis. Each component protein of the APC complex is highly conserved among eukaryotic organisms. This protein and two other APC complex proteins, CDC23 and CDC27, contain a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR), a protein domain that may be involved in protein-protein interaction. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.^[2]

Interactions

CDC16 has been shown to interact with CDC27^{[3] [4] [5] [6]} and CDC20.^{[3] [5] [7] [8]}

Further reading

• Ollendorff V, Donoghue DJ . The serine/threonine phosphatase PP5 interacts with CDC16 and CDC27, two tetratricopeptide repeat-containing subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 272 . 51 . 32011–8 . Dec 1997 . 9405394 . 10.1074/jbc.272.51.32011 . free .
• Yu H, Peters JM, King RW, Page AM, Hieter P, Kirschner MW . Identification of a cullin homology region in a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex . Science . 279 . 5354 . 1219–22 . Feb 1998 . 9469815 . 10.1126/science.279.5354.1219 . 1998Sci...279.1219Y .
• Kallio M, Weinstein J, Daum JR, Burke DJ, Gorbsky GJ . Mammalian p55CDC mediates association of the spindle checkpoint protein Mad2 with the cyclosome/anaphase-promoting complex, and is involved in regulating anaphase onset and late mitotic events . The Journal of Cell Biology . 141 . 6 . 1393–406 . Jun 1998 . 9628895 . 2132789 . 10.1083/jcb.141.6.1393 .
• Grossberger R, Gieffers C, Zachariae W, Podtelejnikov AV, Schleiffer A, Nasmyth K, Mann M, Peters JM . Characterization of the DOC1/APC10 subunit of the yeast and the human anaphase-promoting complex . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 274 . 20 . 14500–7 . May 1999 . 10318877 . 10.1074/jbc.274.20.14500 . free .
• Chan GK, Jablonski SA, Sudakin V, Hittle JC, Yen TJ . Human BUBR1 is a mitotic checkpoint kinase that monitors CENP-E functions at kinetochores and binds the cyclosome/APC . The Journal of Cell Biology . 146 . 5 . 941–54 . Sep 1999 . 10477750 . 2169490 . 10.1083/jcb.146.5.941 .
• Gieffers C, Peters BH, Kramer ER, Dotti CG, Peters JM . Expression of the CDH1-associated form of the anaphase-promoting complex in postmitotic neurons . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 96 . 20 . 11317–22 . Sep 1999 . 10500174 . 18031 . 10.1073/pnas.96.20.11317 . 1999PNAS...9611317G . free .
• Gmachl M, Gieffers C, Podtelejnikov AV, Mann M, Peters JM . The RING-H2 finger protein APC11 and the E2 enzyme UBC4 are sufficient to ubiquitinate substrates of the anaphase-promoting complex . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 97 . 16 . 8973–8 . Aug 2000 . 10922056 . 16806 . 10.1073/pnas.97.16.8973 . 2000PNAS...97.8973G . free .
• Jörgensen PM, Gräslund S, Betz R, Ståhl S, Larsson C, Höög C . Characterisation of the human APC1, the largest subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex . Gene . 262 . 1–2 . 51–9 . Jan 2001 . 11179667 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00511-4 .
• Simpson JC, Wellenreuther R, Poustka A, Pepperkok R, Wiemann S . Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing . EMBO Reports . 1 . 3 . 287–92 . Sep 2000 . 11256614 . 1083732 . 10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058 .
• Stroschein SL, Bonni S, Wrana JL, Luo K . Smad3 recruits the anaphase-promoting complex for ubiquitination and degradation of SnoN . Genes & Development . 15 . 21 . 2822–36 . Nov 2001 . 11691834 . 312804 . 10.1101/gad.912901 .
• Yasui K, Arii S, Zhao C, Imoto I, Ueda M, Nagai H, Emi M, Inazawa J . TFDP1, CUL4A, and CDC16 identified as targets for amplification at 13q34 in hepatocellular carcinomas . Hepatology . 35 . 6 . 1476–84 . Jun 2002 . 12029633 . 10.1053/jhep.2002.33683 . free .
• Kallio MJ, Beardmore VA, Weinstein J, Gorbsky GJ . Rapid microtubule-independent dynamics of Cdc20 at kinetochores and centrosomes in mammalian cells . The Journal of Cell Biology . 158 . 5 . 841–7 . Sep 2002 . 12196507 . 2173153 . 10.1083/jcb.200201135 .
• Wang Q, Moyret-Lalle C, Couzon F, Surbiguet-Clippe C, Saurin JC, Lorca T, Navarro C, Puisieux A . Alterations of anaphase-promoting complex genes in human colon cancer cells . Oncogene . 22 . 10 . 1486–90 . Mar 2003 . 12629511 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1206224 . free .
• Vodermaier HC, Gieffers C, Maurer-Stroh S, Eisenhaber F, Peters JM . TPR subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex mediate binding to the activator protein CDH1 . Current Biology . 13 . 17 . 1459–68 . Sep 2003 . 12956947 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00581-5 . 5942532 . free . 2003CBio...13.1459V .
• Kraft C, Herzog F, Gieffers C, Mechtler K, Hagting A, Pines J, Peters JM . Mitotic regulation of the human anaphase-promoting complex by phosphorylation . The EMBO Journal . 22 . 24 . 6598–609 . Dec 2003 . 14657031 . 291822 . 10.1093/emboj/cdg627 .
• Nousiainen M, Silljé HH, Sauer G, Nigg EA, Körner R . Phosphoproteome analysis of the human mitotic spindle . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 103 . 14 . 5391–6 . Apr 2006 . 16565220 . 1459365 . 10.1073/pnas.0507066103 . 2006PNAS..103.5391N . free .

Notes and References

1. Tugendreich S, Tomkiel J, Earnshaw W, Hieter P . CDC27Hs colocalizes with CDC16Hs to the centrosome and mitotic spindle and is essential for the metaphase to anaphase transition . Cell . 81 . 2 . 261–8 . Apr 1995 . 7736578 . 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90336-4 . 17907584 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: CDC16 cell division cycle 16 homolog (S. cerevisiae).
3. Vodermaier HC, Gieffers C, Maurer-Stroh S, Eisenhaber F, Peters JM . TPR subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex mediate binding to the activator protein CDH1 . Current Biology . 13 . 17 . 1459–68 . Sep 2003 . 12956947 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00581-5 . 5942532 . free . 2003CBio...13.1459V .
4. Ollendorff V, Donoghue DJ . The serine/threonine phosphatase PP5 interacts with CDC16 and CDC27, two tetratricopeptide repeat-containing subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 272 . 51 . 32011–8 . Dec 1997 . 9405394 . 10.1074/jbc.272.51.32011 . free .
5. Kallio M, Weinstein J, Daum JR, Burke DJ, Gorbsky GJ . Mammalian p55CDC mediates association of the spindle checkpoint protein Mad2 with the cyclosome/anaphase-promoting complex, and is involved in regulating anaphase onset and late mitotic events . The Journal of Cell Biology . 141 . 6 . 1393–406 . Jun 1998 . 9628895 . 2132789 . 10.1083/jcb.141.6.1393 .
6. Gmachl M, Gieffers C, Podtelejnikov AV, Mann M, Peters JM . The RING-H2 finger protein APC11 and the E2 enzyme UBC4 are sufficient to ubiquitinate substrates of the anaphase-promoting complex . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 97 . 16 . 8973–8 . Aug 2000 . 10922056 . 16806 . 10.1073/pnas.97.16.8973 . 2000PNAS...97.8973G . free .
7. Kallio MJ, Beardmore VA, Weinstein J, Gorbsky GJ . Rapid microtubule-independent dynamics of Cdc20 at kinetochores and centrosomes in mammalian cells . The Journal of Cell Biology . 158 . 5 . 841–7 . Sep 2002 . 12196507 . 2173153 . 10.1083/jcb.200201135 .
8. Nilsson J, Yekezare M, Minshull J, Pines J . The APC/C maintains the spindle assembly checkpoint by targeting Cdc20 for destruction . Nature Cell Biology . 10 . 12 . 1411–20 . Dec 2008 . 18997788 . 2635557 . 10.1038/ncb1799 .