LILRB2 explained

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB2 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found in a gene cluster at chromosomal region 19q13.4. The encoded protein belongs to the subfamily B class of LIR receptors which contain two or four extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain, and two to four cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). The receptor is expressed on immune cells where it binds to MHC class I molecules on antigen-presenting cells and transduces a negative signal that inhibits stimulation of an immune response. It is thought to control inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity to help focus the immune response and limit autoreactivity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.^[3]

LILBR2 plays a critical role in the inhibition of axonal regeneration and functional recovery after brain injury.^[4] However, recent studies demonstrate that LILRB2 is a β-Amyloid receptor and may contribute to synaptic loss and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.^{[5] [6]}

Interactions

LILRB2 has been shown to interact with PTPN6.^{[7] [8]}

See also

• Cluster of differentiation

Further reading

• Suciu-Foca N, Cortesini R . Central role of ILT3 in the T suppressor cell cascade . Cellular Immunology . 248 . 1 . 59–67 . July 2007 . 17923119 . 10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.01.013 .
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–174 . January 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Wagtmann N, Rojo S, Eichler E, Mohrenweiser H, Long EO . A new human gene complex encoding the killer cell inhibitory receptors and related monocyte/macrophage receptors . Current Biology . 7 . 8 . 615–618 . August 1997 . 9259559 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00263-6 . 14484039 . free . 1997CBio....7..615W .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–156 . October 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
• Colonna M, Navarro F, Bellón T, Llano M, García P, Samaridis J, Angman L, Cella M, López-Botet M . A common inhibitory receptor for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on human lymphoid and myelomonocytic cells . The Journal of Experimental Medicine . 186 . 11 . 1809–1818 . December 1997 . 9382880 . 2199153 . 10.1084/jem.186.11.1809 .
• Colonna M, Samaridis J, Cella M, Angman L, Allen RL, O'Callaghan CA, Dunbar R, Ogg GS, Cerundolo V, Rolink A . Human myelomonocytic cells express an inhibitory receptor for classical and nonclassical MHC class I molecules . Journal of Immunology . 160 . 7 . 3096–3100 . April 1998 . 10.4049/jimmunol.160.7.3096 . 9531263 . 255370078 . free .
• Borges L, Hsu ML, Fanger N, Kubin M, Cosman D . A family of human lymphoid and myeloid Ig-like receptors, some of which bind to MHC class I molecules . Journal of Immunology . 159 . 11 . 5192–5196 . December 1997 . 10.4049/jimmunol.159.11.5192 . 9548455 . 36907307 . free .
• Fanger NA, Cosman D, Peterson L, Braddy SC, Maliszewski CR, Borges L . The MHC class I binding proteins LIR-1 and LIR-2 inhibit Fc receptor-mediated signaling in monocytes . European Journal of Immunology . 28 . 11 . 3423–3434 . November 1998 . 9842885 . 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199811)28:11<3423::AID-IMMU3423>3.0.CO;2-2 . free .
• Allan DS, Colonna M, Lanier LL, Churakova TD, Abrams JS, Ellis SA, McMichael AJ, Braud VM . Tetrameric complexes of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G bind to peripheral blood myelomonocytic cells . The Journal of Experimental Medicine . 189 . 7 . 1149–1156 . April 1999 . 10190906 . 2193000 . 10.1084/jem.189.7.1149 .
• Lepin EJ, Bastin JM, Allan DS, Roncador G, Braud VM, Mason DY, van der Merwe PA, McMichael AJ, Bell JI, Powis SH, O'Callaghan CA . Functional characterization of HLA-F and binding of HLA-F tetramers to ILT2 and ILT4 receptors . European Journal of Immunology . 30 . 12 . 3552–3561 . December 2000 . 11169396 . 10.1002/1521-4141(200012)30:12<3552::AID-IMMU3552>3.0.CO;2-L . 42462661 . free .
• Young NT, Canavez F, Uhrberg M, Shum BP, Parham P . Conserved organization of the ILT/LIR gene family within the polymorphic human leukocyte receptor complex . Immunogenetics . 53 . 4 . 270–278 . 2001 . 11491530 . 10.1007/s002510100332 . 2819935 .
• Chang CC, Ciubotariu R, Manavalan JS, Yuan J, Colovai AI, Piazza F, Lederman S, Colonna M, Cortesini R, Dalla-Favera R, Suciu-Foca N . Tolerization of dendritic cells by T(S) cells: the crucial role of inhibitory receptors ILT3 and ILT4 . Nature Immunology . 3 . 3 . 237–243 . March 2002 . 11875462 . 10.1038/ni760 . 35400503 .
• Willcox BE, Thomas LM, Chapman TL, Heikema AP, West AP, Bjorkman PJ . Crystal structure of LIR-2 (ILT4) at 1.8 A: differences from LIR-1 (ILT2) in regions implicated in the binding of the Human Cytomegalovirus class I MHC homolog UL18 . BMC Structural Biology . 2 . 6 . October 2002 . 12390682 . 130215 . 10.1186/1472-6807-2-6 . free .
• Shiroishi M, Tsumoto K, Amano K, Shirakihara Y, Colonna M, Braud VM, Allan DS, Makadzange A, Rowland-Jones S, Willcox B, Jones EY, van der Merwe PA, Kumagai I, Maenaka K . Human inhibitory receptors Ig-like transcript 2 (ILT2) and ILT4 compete with CD8 for MHC class I binding and bind preferentially to HLA-G . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 100 . 15 . 8856–8861 . July 2003 . 12853576 . 166403 . 10.1073/pnas.1431057100 . free . 2003PNAS..100.8856S .
• Nakajima H, Asai A, Okada A, Ping L, Hamajima F, Sata T, Isobe K . Transcriptional regulation of ILT family receptors . Journal of Immunology . 171 . 12 . 6611–6620 . December 2003 . 14662864 . 10.4049/jimmunol.171.12.6611 . free .
• Papanikolaou NA, Vasilescu ER, Suciu-Foca N . Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human immune inhibitory immunoglobulin-like T cell receptor type 4 . Human Immunology . 65 . 7 . 700–705 . July 2004 . 15301858 . 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.04.003 .

Notes and References

1. Cella M, Döhring C, Samaridis J, Dessing M, Brockhaus M, Lanzavecchia A, Colonna M . A novel inhibitory receptor (ILT3) expressed on monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells involved in antigen processing . The Journal of Experimental Medicine . 185 . 10 . 1743–1751 . May 1997 . 9151699 . 2196312 . 10.1084/jem.185.10.1743 .
2. Samaridis J, Colonna M . Cloning of novel immunoglobulin superfamily receptors expressed on human myeloid and lymphoid cells: structural evidence for new stimulatory and inhibitory pathways . European Journal of Immunology . 27 . 3 . 660–665 . March 1997 . 9079806 . 10.1002/eji.1830270313 . 2212182 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: LILRB2 leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily B (with TM and ITIM domains), member 2.
4. Mi YJ, Chen H, Guo N, Sun MY, Zhao ZH, Gao XC, Wang XL, Zhang RS, Zhou JB, Gou XC . Inhibition of PirB Activity by TAT-PEP Improves Mouse Motor Ability and Cognitive Behavior . Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience . 9 . 199 . 2017 . 28676756 . 5476690 . 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00199 . free .
5. Lao K, Zhang R, Dai Y, Luan J, Guo N, Xu X, Zhang Y, Gou X . Identification of novel Aβ-LilrB2 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease . Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences . 114 . 103630 . July 2021 . 34029694 . 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103630 . 235203153 .
6. Kim T, Vidal GS, Djurisic M, William CM, Birnbaum ME, Garcia KC, Hyman BT, Shatz CJ . Human LilrB2 is a β-amyloid receptor and its murine homolog PirB regulates synaptic plasticity in an Alzheimer's model . Science . 341 . 6152 . 1399–1404 . September 2013 . 24052308 . 3853120 . 10.1126/science.1242077 . 2013Sci...341.1399K .
7. Fanger NA, Cosman D, Peterson L, Braddy SC, Maliszewski CR, Borges L . The MHC class I binding proteins LIR-1 and LIR-2 inhibit Fc receptor-mediated signaling in monocytes . European Journal of Immunology . 28 . 11 . 3423–3434 . November 1998 . 9842885 . 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199811)28:11<3423::AID-IMMU3423>3.0.CO;2-2 . free .
8. Colonna M, Samaridis J, Cella M, Angman L, Allen RL, O'Callaghan CA, Dunbar R, Ogg GS, Cerundolo V, Rolink A . Human myelomonocytic cells express an inhibitory receptor for classical and nonclassical MHC class I molecules . Journal of Immunology . 160 . 7 . 3096–3100 . April 1998 . 10.4049/jimmunol.160.7.3096 . 9531263 . 255370078 . free .