CD43 explained

Leukosialin also known as sialophorin or CD43 (cluster of differentiation 43) is a transmembrane cell surface protein that in humans is encoded by the SPN (sialophorin) gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

Sialophorin (leukosialin) is a major sialoglycoprotein on the surface of human T lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, and some B lymphocytes, which appears to be important for immune function and may be part of a physiologic ligand-receptor complex involved in T-cell activation.^[1]

Clinical significance

Defects in the CD43 molecule are associated with the development of Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome.^[4] It also appears in about 25% of intestinal MALTomas. Using immunohistochemistry, CD43 can be demonstrated in the paracortical T-cells of healthy lymph nodes and tonsils; it is also positive in a range of lymphoid and myeloid tumours. Although it is present in over 90% of T-cell lymphomas, it is generally less effective at demonstrating this condition than is CD3 antigen. However, it may be useful as part of a panel to demonstrate B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, since the malignant cells in this condition are often CD43 positive, and may be difficult to stain with other antibodies. Because it stains granulocytes and their precursors, it is also an effective marker for myeloid tumours.^[5]

Interactions

CD43 has been shown to interact with EZR^[6] and Moesin.^{[6] [7]}

Further reading

• Fukuda M, Carlsson SR . Leukosialin, a major sialoglycoprotein on human leukocytes as differentiation antigens. . Med. Biol. . 64 . 6 . 335–43 . 1987 . 2950285 .
• Rogaev EI, Keryanov SA . Unusual variability of the complex dinucleotide repeat block at the SPN locus. . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 1 . 8 . 657 . 1993 . 1301183 . 10.1093/hmg/1.8.657 .
• Rosenstein Y, Park JK, Hahn WC . CD43, a molecule defective in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, binds ICAM-1. . Nature . 354 . 6350 . 233–5 . 1992 . 1683685 . 10.1038/354233a0 . 1991Natur.354..233R. 4256329 . etal.
• Schmid K, Hediger MA, Brossmer R . Amino acid sequence of human plasma galactoglycoprotein: identity with the extracellular region of CD43 (sialophorin). . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 89 . 2 . 663–7 . 1992 . 1731338 . 10.1073/pnas.89.2.663 . 48299 . 1992PNAS...89..663S . etal. free .
• Kudo S, Fukuda M . A short, novel promoter sequence confers the expression of human leukosialin, a major sialoglycoprotein on leukocytes. . J. Biol. Chem. . 266 . 13 . 8483–9 . 1991 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)93000-0 . 1827122 . free .
• Park JK, Rosenstein YJ, Remold-O'Donnell E . Enhancement of T-cell activation by the CD43 molecule whose expression is defective in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. . Nature . 350 . 6320 . 706–9 . 1991 . 2023632 . 10.1038/350706a0 . 1991Natur.350..706P . 4335838 . etal.
• Shelley CS, Remold-O'Donnell E, Rosen FS, Whitehead AS . Structure of the human sialophorin (CD43) gene. Identification of features atypical of genes encoding integral membrane proteins. . Biochem. J. . 270 . 3 . 569–76 . 1990 . 2241892 . 10.1042/bj2700569. 1131770 .
• Srinivas RV, Su T, Trimble LA . Enhanced susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus infection in CD4+ T lymphocytes genetically deficient in CD43. . AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses . 11 . 9 . 1015–21 . 1996 . 8554898 . 10.1089/aid.1995.11.1015 . etal.
• Hirao M, Sato N, Kondo T . Regulation mechanism of ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) protein/plasma membrane association: possible involvement of phosphatidylinositol turnover and Rho-dependent signaling pathway. . J. Cell Biol. . 135 . 1 . 37–51 . 1996 . 8858161 . 10.1083/jcb.135.1.37 . 2121020 . etal.
• Yonemura S, Hirao M, Doi Y . Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins bind to a positively charged amino acid cluster in the juxta-membrane cytoplasmic domain of CD44, CD43, and ICAM-2. . J. Cell Biol. . 140 . 4 . 885–95 . 1998 . 9472040 . 10.1083/jcb.140.4.885 . 2141743 . etal.
• Pedraza-Alva G, Mérida LB, Burakoff SJ, Rosenstein Y . T cell activation through the CD43 molecule leads to Vav tyrosine phosphorylation and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation. . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 23 . 14218–24 . 1998 . 9603925 . 10.1074/jbc.273.23.14218 . free .
• Serrador JM, Nieto M, Alonso-Lebrero JL . CD43 interacts with moesin and ezrin and regulates its redistribution to the uropods of T lymphocytes at the cell-cell contacts. . Blood . 91 . 12 . 4632–44 . 1998 . 9616160 . 10.1182/blood.V91.12.4632. etal.
• Pace KE, Lee C, Stewart PL, Baum LG . Restricted receptor segregation into membrane microdomains occurs on human T cells during apoptosis induced by galectin-1. . J. Immunol. . 163 . 7 . 3801–11 . 1999 . 10.4049/jimmunol.163.7.3801 . 10490978 . free .
• Seveau S, Keller H, Maxfield FR . Neutrophil polarity and locomotion are associated with surface redistribution of leukosialin (CD43), an antiadhesive membrane molecule. . Blood . 95 . 8 . 2462–70 . 2000 . 10753822 . 10.1182/blood.V95.8.2462. etal.
• Fratazzi C, Manjunath N, Arbeit RD . A macrophage invasion mechanism for mycobacteria implicating the extracellular domain of CD43. . J. Exp. Med. . 192 . 2 . 183–92 . 2000 . 10899905 . 10.1084/jem.192.2.183 . 2193255 . etal.
• Santana MA, Pedraza-Alva G, Olivares-Zavaleta N . CD43-mediated signals induce DNA binding activity of AP-1, NF-AT, and NFkappa B transcription factors in human T lymphocytes. . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 40 . 31460–8 . 2000 . 10908570 . 10.1074/jbc.M005231200 . etal. free .
• van den Berg TK, Nath D, Ziltener HJ . Cutting edge: CD43 functions as a T cell counterreceptor for the macrophage adhesion receptor sialoadhesin (Siglec-1). . J. Immunol. . 166 . 6 . 3637–40 . 2001 . 11238599 . 10.4049/jimmunol.166.6.3637. etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: SPN sialophorin (leukosialin, CD43).
2. Pallant A, Eskenazi A, Mattei MG, Fournier RE, Carlsson SR, Fukuda M, Frelinger JG . Characterization of cDNAs encoding human leukosialin and localization of the leukosialin gene to chromosome 16 . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 86 . 4 . 1328–32 . February 1989 . 2521952 . 286683 . 10.1073/pnas.86.4.1328. 1989PNAS...86.1328P . free .
3. Shelley CS, Remold-O'Donnell E, Davis AE, Bruns GA, Rosen FS, Carroll MC, Whitehead AS . Molecular characterization of sialophorin (CD43), the lymphocyte surface sialoglycoprotein defective in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 86 . 8 . 2819–23 . April 1989 . 2784859 . 287010 . 10.1073/pnas.86.8.2819. 1989PNAS...86.2819S . free .
4. Remold-O'Donnell E, Rosen FS . Sialophorin (CD43) and the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome . Immunodefic Rev . 2 . 2 . 151–74 . 1990 . 2223062 .
5. Book: Leong, Anthony S-Y. Cooper, Kumarason. Leong, F Joel W-M. 2003. Manual of Diagnostic Cytology. 2nd. Greenwich Medical Media, Ltd.. 113. 978-1-84110-100-2.
6. Serrador JM, Nieto M, Alonso-Lebrero JL, del Pozo MA, Calvo J, Furthmayr H, Schwartz-Albiez R, Lozano F, González-Amaro R, Sánchez-Mateos P, Sánchez-Madrid F . CD43 interacts with moesin and ezrin and regulates its redistribution to the uropods of T lymphocytes at the cell-cell contacts . Blood . 91 . 12 . 4632–44 . June 1998 . 9616160 . 10.1182/blood.V91.12.4632.
7. Yonemura S, Hirao M, Doi Y, Takahashi N, Kondo T, Tsukita S, Tsukita S . Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins bind to a positively charged amino acid cluster in the juxta-membrane cytoplasmic domain of CD44, CD43, and ICAM-2 . J. Cell Biol. . 140 . 4 . 885–95 . February 1998 . 9472040 . 2141743 . 10.1083/jcb.140.4.885.