T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain explained

T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain also known as T-cell receptor T3 zeta chain or CD247 (Cluster of Differentiation 247) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD247 gene.^[1]

Some older literature mention a similar protein called "CD3 eta" in mice. It is now understood to be an isoform differing in the last exon.^[2]

Genomics

The gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 1 at location 1q22-q25 on the Crick (negative) strand. The encoded protein is 164 amino acids long with a predicted weight of 18.696 kiloDaltons.

Function

T-cell receptor zeta (ζ), together with T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers and CD3-gamma, -delta, and -epsilon, forms the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex. The zeta chain plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. Low expression of the antigen results in impaired immune response. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.^[3]

Interactions

CD247 has been shown to interact with Janus kinase 3^[4] and Protein unc-119 homolog.^[5]

See also

• Cluster of differentiation
• ZAP70

Further reading

• Geyer M, Fackler OT, Peterlin BM . Structure--function relationships in HIV-1 Nef. . EMBO Rep. . 2 . 7 . 580–5 . 2001 . 11463741 . 1083955 . 10.1093/embo-reports/kve141 .
• Greenway AL, Holloway G, McPhee DA, Ellis P, Cornall A, Lidman M . HIV-1 Nef control of cell signalling molecules: multiple strategies to promote virus replication. . J. Biosci. . 28 . 3 . 323–35 . 2004 . 12734410 . 10.1007/BF02970151 . 33749514 .
• Stove V, Verhasselt B . Modelling thymic HIV-1 Nef effects. . Curr. HIV Res. . 4 . 1 . 57–64 . 2006 . 16454711 . 10.2174/157016206775197583 .

Notes and References

1. Weissman AM, Hou D, Orloff DG, Modi WS, Seuanez H, O'Brien SJ, Klausner RD . Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of the human T-cell receptor zeta chain: distinction from the molecular CD3 complex . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 85 . 24 . 9709–13 . December 1988 . 2974162 . 282845 . 10.1073/pnas.85.24.9709 . 1988PNAS...85.9709W . free .
2. Clayton LK, D'Adamio L, Howard FD, Sieh M, Hussey RE, Koyasu S, Reinherz EL . CD3 eta and CD3 zeta are alternatively spliced products of a common genetic locus and are transcriptionally and/or post-transcriptionally regulated during T-cell development . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 88 . 12 . 5202–6 . June 1991 . 1828894 . 51840 . 10.1073/pnas.88.12.5202 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: CD247 CD247 molecule.
4. Tomita K, Saijo K, Yamasaki S, Iida T, Nakatsu F, Arase H, Ohno H, Shirasawa T, Kuriyama T, O'Shea JJ, Saito T . Cytokine-independent Jak3 activation upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation through direct association of Jak3 and the TCR complex . J. Biol. Chem. . 276 . 27 . 25378–85 . Jul 2001 . 11349123 . 10.1074/jbc.M011363200 . free .
5. Gorska MM, Stafford SJ, Cen O, Sur S, Alam R . Unc119, a novel activator of Lck/Fyn, is essential for T cell activation . J. Exp. Med. . 199 . 3 . 369–79 . Feb 2004 . 14757743 . 2211793 . 10.1084/jem.20030589 .