CD1A explained

CD1a (Cluster of Differentiation 1a) is a human protein encoded by the gene.^[1]

This gene encodes a member of the CD1 family of transmembrane glycoproteins, which are structurally related to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and form heterodimers with beta-2-microglobulin. The CD1 proteins mediate the presentation of primarily lipid and glycolipid antigens of self or microbial origin to T cells. The human genome contains five CD1 family genes organized in a cluster on chromosome 1. The CD1 family members are thought to differ in their cellular localization and specificity for particular lipid ligands. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the plasma membrane and to recycling vesicles of the early endocytotic system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed, but their biological validity has not been determined. Transcript levels of the CD1A gene are upregulated in the lung parenchyma of smokers.^[2]

Further reading

• Melián A, Beckman EM, Porcelli SA, Brenner MB . Antigen presentation by CD1 and MHC-encoded class I-like molecules. . Curr. Opin. Immunol. . 8 . 1 . 82–8 . 1996 . 8729450 . 10.1016/S0952-7915(96)80109-9 .
• Park SH, Bendelac A . CD1-restricted T-cell responses and microbial infection. . Nature . 406 . 6797 . 788–92 . 2000 . 10963609 . 10.1038/35021233 . 2000Natur.406..788P . 4373172 .
• Brigl M, Brenner MB . CD1: antigen presentation and T cell function. . Annu. Rev. Immunol. . 22 . 1. 817–90 . 2004 . 15032598 . 10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104608 .
• Coventry B, Heinzel S . CD1a in human cancers: a new role for an old molecule. . Trends Immunol. . 25 . 5 . 242–8 . 2004 . 15099564 . 10.1016/j.it.2004.03.002 .
• Moody DB, Zajonc DM, Wilson IA . Anatomy of CD1-lipid antigen complexes. . Nat. Rev. Immunol. . 5 . 5 . 387–99 . 2005 . 15864273 . 10.1038/nri1605 . 1387491 .
• Stove V, Verhasselt B . Modelling thymic HIV-1 Nef effects. . Curr. HIV Res. . 4 . 1 . 57–64 . 2006 . 16454711 . 10.2174/157016206775197583 .
• Quaranta MG, Mattioli B, Giordani L, Viora M . The immunoregulatory effects of HIV-1 Nef on dendritic cells and the pathogenesis of AIDS. . FASEB J. . 20 . 13 . 2198–208 . 2006 . 17077296 . 10.1096/fj.06-6260rev . free . 3111709 .
• Oakey RJ, Watson ML, Seldin MF . Construction of a physical map on mouse and human chromosome 1: comparison of 13 Mb of mouse and 11 Mb of human DNA. . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 1 . 8 . 613–20 . 1993 . 1301170 . 10.1093/hmg/1.8.613 .
• Martin LH, Calabi F, Lefebvre FA . Structure and expression of the human thymocyte antigens CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 84 . 24 . 9189–93 . 1988 . 2447586 . 10.1073/pnas.84.24.9189 . 299718 . etal. free .
• Moseley WS, Watson ML, Kingsmore SF, Seldin MF . CD1 defines conserved linkage group border between human chromosomes 1 and mouse chromosomes 1 and 3. . Immunogenetics . 30 . 5 . 378–82 . 1989 . 2478463 . 10.1007/BF02425278 . 9361881 .
• Yu CY, Milstein C . A physical map linking the five CD1 human thymocyte differentiation antigen genes. . EMBO J. . 8 . 12 . 3727–32 . 1990 . 2583117 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08548.x. 402056 .
• Aruffo A, Seed B . Expression of cDNA clones encoding the thymocyte antigens CD1a, b, c demonstrates a hierarchy of exclusion in fibroblasts. . J. Immunol. . 143 . 5 . 1723–30 . 1989 . 10.4049/jimmunol.143.5.1723 . 2701945 . 23168239 . free .
• Longley J, Kraus J, Alonso M, Edelson R . Molecular cloning of CD1a (T6), a human epidermal dendritic cell marker related to class I MHC molecules. . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 92 . 4 . 628–31 . 1989 . 2784820 . 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12712175 . free .
• Albertson DG, Fishpool R, Sherrington P . Sensitive and high resolution in situ hybridization to human chromosomes using biotin labelled probes: assignment of the human thymocyte CD1 antigen genes to chromosome 1. . EMBO J. . 7 . 9 . 2801–5 . 1988 . 3053166 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03135.x. 457071 . etal.
• Calabi F, Milstein C . A novel family of human major histocompatibility complex-related genes not mapping to chromosome 6. . Nature . 323 . 6088 . 540–3 . 1986 . 3093894 . 10.1038/323540a0 . 1986Natur.323..540C . 4274219 .
• Martin LH, Calabi F, Milstein C . Isolation of CD1 genes: a family of major histocompatibility complex-related differentiation antigens. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 83 . 23 . 9154–8 . 1987 . 3097645 . 10.1073/pnas.83.23.9154 . 387093 . free .
• Woolfson A, Milstein C . Alternative splicing generates secretory isoforms of human CD1. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 91 . 14 . 6683–7 . 1994 . 7517559 . 10.1073/pnas.91.14.6683 . 44267 . 1994PNAS...91.6683W . free .
• Han M, Hannick LI, DiBrino M, Robinson MA . Polymorphism of human CD1 genes. . Tissue Antigens . 54 . 2 . 122–7 . 2000 . 10488738 . 10.1034/j.1399-0039.1999.540202.x .
• Sugita M, Grant EP, van Donselaar E . Separate pathways for antigen presentation by CD1 molecules. . Immunity . 11 . 6 . 743–52 . 2000 . 10626896 . 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80148-X . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: CD1A CD1a molecule.
2. Pintarelli G, Noci S, Maspero D, Pettinicchio A, Dugo M, De Cecco L, Incarbone M, Tosi D, Santambrogio L, Dragani TA, Colombo F . Cigarette smoke alters the transcriptome of non-involved lung tissue in lung adenocarcinoma patients . Scientific Reports . 9 . 1 . 13039 . September 2019 . 31506599 . 6736939 . 10.1038/s41598-019-49648-2 . 2019NatSR...913039P .