CXCR6 explained

C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCR6 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]} CXCR6 has also recently been designated CD186 (cluster of differentiation 186).

CXCR6 has been identified as an entry coreceptor used by HIV-1 and SIV to enter target cells, in conjunction with CD4.^{[1] [2] [3]} It is a minor coreceptor for HIV-1, nearly all strains of which use CCR5 and/or CXCR4. Most SIV strains can use CXCR6 and recent evidence suggests that in monkeys that serve as the natural hosts of SIV, CXCR6 may be a major coreceptor.^[4] CXCR6 was previously known as "Bonzo" and "STRL33" in the HIV/SIV field.

Further reading

• Ruibal-Ares BH, Belmonte L, Baré PC, Parodi CM, Massud I, de Bracco MM . HIV-1 infection and chemokine receptor modulation . Current HIV Research . 2 . 1 . 39–50 . January 2004 . 15053339 . 10.2174/1570162043484997 .
• Loetscher M, Amara A, Oberlin E, Brass N, Legler D, Loetscher P, D'Apuzzo M, Meese E, Rousset D, Virelizier JL, Baggiolini M, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Moser B . TYMSTR, a putative chemokine receptor selectively expressed in activated T cells, exhibits HIV-1 coreceptor function . Current Biology . 7 . 9 . 652–60 . September 1997 . 9285716 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00292-2 . free . 1997CBio....7..652L .
• Hoffman TL, Stephens EB, Narayan O, Doms RW . HIV type I envelope determinants for use of the CCR2b, CCR3, STRL33, and APJ coreceptors . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 95 . 19 . 11360–5 . September 1998 . 9736741 . 21647 . 10.1073/pnas.95.19.11360 . 1998PNAS...9511360H . free .
• Schramm B, Penn ML, Speck RF, Chan SY, De Clercq E, Schols D, Connor RI, Goldsmith MA . Viral entry through CXCR4 is a pathogenic factor and therapeutic target in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease . Journal of Virology . 74 . 1 . 184–92 . January 2000 . 10590105 . 111527 . 10.1128/JVI.74.1.184-192.2000 .
• Tscherning-Casper C, Vödrös D, Menu E, Aperia K, Fredriksson R, Dolcini G, Chaouat G, Barré-Sinoussi F, Albert J, Fenyö EM . Coreceptor usage of HIV-1 isolates representing different genetic subtypes obtained from pregnant Cameroonian women. European Network for In Utero Transmission of HIV-1 . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes . 24 . 1 . 1–9 . May 2000 . 10877489 . 10.1097/00126334-200005010-00001 . free .
• Ignatius R, Wei Y, Beaulieu S, Gettie A, Steinman RM, Pope M, Mojsov S . The immunodeficiency virus coreceptor, Bonzo/STRL33/TYMSTR, is expressed by macaque and human skin- and blood-derived dendritic cells . AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses . 16 . 11 . 1055–9 . July 2000 . 10933620 . 10.1089/08892220050075318 .
• Unutmaz D, Xiang W, Sunshine MJ, Campbell J, Butcher E, Littman DR . The primate lentiviral receptor Bonzo/STRL33 is coordinately regulated with CCR5 and its expression pattern is conserved between human and mouse . Journal of Immunology . 165 . 6 . 3284–92 . September 2000 . 10975845 . 10.4049/jimmunol.165.6.3284 . 2518260 .
• Matloubian M, David A, Engel S, Ryan JE, Cyster JG . A transmembrane CXC chemokine is a ligand for HIV-coreceptor Bonzo . Nature Immunology . 1 . 4 . 298–304 . October 2000 . 11017100 . 10.1038/79738 . 22773861 .
• Wilbanks A, Zondlo SC, Murphy K, Mak S, Soler D, Langdon P, Andrew DP, Wu L, Briskin M . Expression cloning of the STRL33/BONZO/TYMSTRligand reveals elements of CC, CXC, and CX3C chemokines . Journal of Immunology . 166 . 8 . 5145–54 . April 2001 . 11290797 . 10.4049/jimmunol.166.8.5145 . free .
• Lee B, Leslie G, Soilleux E, O'Doherty U, Baik S, Levroney E, Flummerfelt K, Swiggard W, Coleman N, Malim M, Doms RW . cis Expression of DC-SIGN allows for more efficient entry of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses via CD4 and a coreceptor . Journal of Virology . 75 . 24 . 12028–38 . December 2001 . 11711593 . 116098 . 10.1128/JVI.75.24.12028-12038.2001 .
• Calabresi PA, Yun SH, Allie R, Whartenby KA . Chemokine receptor expression on MBP-reactive T cells: CXCR6 is a marker of IFNgamma-producing effector cells . Journal of Neuroimmunology . 127 . 1–2 . 96–105 . June 2002 . 12044980 . 10.1016/S0165-5728(02)00106-6 . 46059196 .
• Kim CH, Johnston B, Butcher EC . Trafficking machinery of NKT cells: shared and differential chemokine receptor expression among V alpha 24(+)V beta 11(+) NKT cell subsets with distinct cytokine-producing capacity . Blood . 100 . 1 . 11–6 . July 2002 . 12070001 . 10.1182/blood-2001-12-0196 . 37076470 . free .
• Duggal P, An P, Beaty TH, Strathdee SA, Farzadegan H, Markham RB, Johnson L, O'Brien SJ, Vlahov D, Winkler CA . Genetic influence of CXCR6 chemokine receptor alleles on PCP-mediated AIDS progression among African Americans . Genes and Immunity . 4 . 4 . 245–50 . June 2003 . 12761559 . 10.1038/sj.gene.6363950 . 6657058 .
• Koprak S, Matheravidathu S, Springer M, Gould S, Dumont FJ . Down-regulation of cell surface CXCR6 expression during T cell activation is predominantly mediated by calcineurin . Cellular Immunology . 223 . 1 . 1–12 . May 2003 . 12914753 . 10.1016/S0008-8749(03)00130-8 .
• Shimaoka T, Nakayama T, Fukumoto N, Kume N, Takahashi S, Yamaguchi J, Minami M, Hayashida K, Kita T, Ohsumi J, Yoshie O, Yonehara S . Cell surface-anchored SR-PSOX/CXC chemokine ligand 16 mediates firm adhesion of CXC chemokine receptor 6-expressing cells . Journal of Leukocyte Biology . 75 . 2 . 267–74 . February 2004 . 14634054 . 10.1189/jlb.1003465 . 18245723 .

External links

• Web site: Chemokine Receptors: CXCR6 . IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels . International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology .

Notes and References

1. Liao F, Alkhatib G, Peden KW, Sharma G, Berger EA, Farber JM . STRL33, A novel chemokine receptor-like protein, functions as a fusion cofactor for both macrophage-tropic and T cell line-tropic HIV-1 . The Journal of Experimental Medicine . 185 . 11 . 2015–23 . June 1997 . 9166430 . 2196334 . 10.1084/jem.185.11.2015 .
2. Deng HK, Unutmaz D, KewalRamani VN, Littman DR . Expression cloning of new receptors used by simian and human immunodeficiency viruses . Nature . 388 . 6639 . 296–300 . July 1997 . 9230441 . 10.1038/40894 . 1997Natur.388..296D . 4369660 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: CXCR6 chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 6.
4. Elliott ST, Wetzel KS, Francella N, Bryan S, Romero DC, Riddick NE, Shaheen F, Vanderford T, Derdeyn CA, Silvestri G, Paiardini M, Collman RG . Dualtropic CXCR6/CCR5 Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Infection of Sooty Mangabey Primary Lymphocytes: Distinct Coreceptor Use in Natural versus Pathogenic Hosts of SIV . Journal of Virology . 89 . 18 . 9252–61 . September 2015 . 26109719 . 10.1128/JVI.01236-15 . 4542357.