Integrin alpha X explained

CD11c, also known as Integrin, alpha X (complement component 3 receptor 4 subunit) (ITGAX), is a gene that encodes for CD11c .^{[1] [2]}

CD11c is an integrin alpha X chain protein. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This protein combines with the beta 2 chain (ITGB2) to form a leukocyte-specific integrin referred to as inactivated-C3b (iC3b) receptor 4 (CR4). The alpha X beta 2 complex seems to overlap the properties of the alpha M beta 2 integrin in the adherence of neutrophils and monocytes to stimulated endothelium cells, and in the phagocytosis of complement coated particles.

CD11c is a type I transmembrane protein found at high levels on most human dendritic cells, but also on monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and some B cells that induces cellular activation and helps trigger neutrophil respiratory burst; expressed in hairy cell leukemias, acute nonlymphocytic leukemias, and some B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias.

See also

• Integrin

Further reading

• Stewart M, Thiel M, Hogg N . Leukocyte integrins. . Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. . 7 . 5 . 690–6 . 1996 . 8573344 . 10.1016/0955-0674(95)80111-1 .
• Steinman RM, Pack M, Inaba K . Dendritic cells in the T-cell areas of lymphoid organs. . Immunol. Rev. . 156 . 1. 25–37 . 1997 . 9176697 . 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1997.tb00956.x . 24550506 .
• Córbi AL, Lopéz-Rodríguez C . CD11c integrin gene promoter activity during myeloid differentiation. . Leuk. Lymphoma . 25 . 5–6 . 415–25 . 1997 . 9250811 . 10.3109/10428199709039028.
• Ugarova TP, Yakubenko VP . Recognition of fibrinogen by leukocyte integrins. . Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. . 936 . 1. 368–85 . 2001 . 11460493 . 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03523.x . 2001NYASA.936..368U . 44753700 .
• Valentin A, Lundin K, Patarroyo M, Asjö B . The leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein CD18 participates in HIV-1-induced syncytia formation in monocytoid and T cells. . J. Immunol. . 144 . 3 . 934–7 . 1990 . 10.4049/jimmunol.144.3.934 . 1967280 . free .
• Gaidano G, Bergui L, Schena M . Integrin distribution and cytoskeleton organization in normal and malignant monocytes. . Leukemia . 4 . 10 . 682–7 . 1990 . 1976870 . etal.
• Corbi AL, Garcia-Aguilar J, Springer TA . Genomic structure of an integrin alpha subunit, the leukocyte p150,95 molecule. . J. Biol. Chem. . 265 . 5 . 2782–8 . 1990 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)39870-9 . 2303426 . free .
• Corbi AL, Larson RS, Kishimoto TK . Chromosomal location of the genes encoding the leukocyte adhesion receptors LFA-1, Mac-1 and p150,95. Identification of a gene cluster involved in cell adhesion. . J. Exp. Med. . 167 . 5 . 1597–607 . 1988 . 3284962 . 10.1084/jem.167.5.1597 . 2188934 . etal.
• Corbi AL, Miller LJ, O'Connor K . cDNA cloning and complete primary structure of the alpha subunit of a leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein, p150,95. . EMBO J. . 6 . 13 . 4023–8 . 1988 . 3327687 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02746.x. 553883 . etal.
• Miller LJ, Wiebe M, Springer TA . Purification and alpha subunit N-terminal sequences of human Mac-1 and p150,95 leukocyte adhesion proteins. . J. Immunol. . 138 . 8 . 2381–3 . 1987 . 10.4049/jimmunol.138.8.2381 . 3549901 . free .
• Bilsland CA, Diamond MS, Springer TA . The leukocyte integrin p150,95 (CD11c/CD18) as a receptor for iC3b. Activation by a heterologous beta subunit and localization of a ligand recognition site to the I domain. . J. Immunol. . 152 . 9 . 4582–9 . 1994 . 10.4049/jimmunol.152.9.4582 . 7512600 . free .
• Lecoanet-Henchoz S, Gauchat JF, Aubry JP . CD23 regulates monocyte activation through a novel interaction with the adhesion molecules CD11b-CD18 and CD11c-CD18. . Immunity . 3 . 1 . 119–25 . 1995 . 7621072 . 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90164-7 . etal. free .
• Garcìa-Barcina M, Winnock M, Bidaurrazaga I . Detection of cell-adhesion molecules on human liver-associated lymphocytes. . Immunology . 82 . 1 . 95–8 . 1994 . 8045597 . 1414860 . etal.
• Philippeaux MM, Vesin C, Tacchini-Cottier F, Piguet PF . Activated human platelets express beta2 integrin. . Eur. J. Haematol. . 56 . 3 . 130–7 . 1996 . 8598231 . 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1996.tb01331.x . 85886848 .
• de Vree WJ, Fontijne-Dorsman AN, Koster JF, Sluiter W . Photodynamic treatment of human endothelial cells promotes the adherence of neutrophils in vitro. . Br. J. Cancer . 73 . 11 . 1335–40 . 1996 . 8645576 . 10.1038/bjc.1996.255. 2074486 .
• Bernstein CN, Sargent M, Gallatin WM . Beta2 integrin/ICAM expression in Crohn's disease. . Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology . 86 . 2 . 147–60 . 1998 . 9473377 . 10.1006/clin.1997.4462 .
• Shelley CS, Da Silva N, Georgakis A . Mapping of the human CD11c (ITGAX) and CD11d (ITGAD) genes demonstrates that they are arranged in tandem separated by no more than 11.5 kb. . Genomics . 49 . 2 . 334–6 . 1998 . 9598326 . 10.1006/geno.1998.5232 . etal.

External links

• • Mouse CD Antigen Chart
• Human CD Antigen Chart
• ITGAX Info with links in the Cell Migration Gateway

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: ITGAX integrin, alpha X (complement component 3 receptor 4 subunit).
2. Dyer KD, Garcia-Crespo KE, Killoran KE, Rosenberg HF . Antigen profiles for the quantitative assessment of eosinophils in mouse tissues by flow cytometry . Journal of Immunological Methods. 369 . 1–2 . 91–7 . 2011 . 21565196 . 3116057 . 10.1016/j.jim.2011.04.009.