CAREN explained

CAREN (Assisted) protocol—is a versatile, multi-sensory virtual reality system used for the treatment and rehabilitation of human locomotion, walking, as well as pain, posture, balancing spinal stability and motor control integration.

History

The company managed project work to ensure growth without the need for venture capital or going public until 1998. In 1997, MOTEK applied for a research grant from the European Commission to develop the system now known as CAREN. This grant was received in 1998 and enabled the development of CAREN's first prototype. The company also received external funding through MOTEK and NPM capital, both Dutch-based investment companies. The first production-grade CAREN system was sold to the University of Groningen in 2000. Within the annals of CAREN’s beginnings, the technology was being used primarily by scientific and military organizations because of the sheer complexity of its modern intricacies and somewhat complicated testing.

Further reading

• Web site: Antonie J. . van den Bogert . Thomas . Geijtenbeek . Oshri . Even-Zohar . Real-Time Biomechanical Analysis for Virtual Reality Based Rehabilitation .
• Book: Van Den Bogert . Antonie J. . Geijtenbeek . Thomas . Even-Zohar . Oshri . 2009 . Evaluation of a system for real-time analysis of muscle function: Shoulder and elbow muscles . Virtual Rehabilitation International Conference . 222 . 978-1-4244-4188-4 . 10.1109/ICVR.2009.5174260. 22971952 .
• David . Jessop . Laurent . Bouyer . McFadyen . BJ . Vestibulo-visual integration for postural stability during standing . International Symposium on Posture and Gait . Bologna, Italy . July 2009 . 2014-12-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141231175111/http://www.motekmedical.com/publications/vestibulo-visual-integration-for-postural-stability-during-standing/# . 2014-12-31 . dead .
• Book: Fung J, Malouin F, McFadyen BJ, et al. . The 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society . Locomotor rehabilitation in a complex virtual environment . 7 . 4859–61 . 2004 . 17271400 . 10.1109/IEMBS.2004.1404344. 1 . 0-7803-8439-3 . 6320608 .
• Viau A, Feldman AG, McFadyen BJ, Levin MF . Reaching in reality and virtual reality: a comparison of movement kinematics in healthy subjects and in adults with hemiparesis . Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation . 1 . 1 . 11 . December 2004 . 15679937 . 546398 . 10.1186/1743-0003-1-11 . free .
• Fung J, Richards CL, Malouin F, McFadyen BJ, Lamontagne A . A treadmill and motion coupled virtual reality system for gait training post-stroke . Cyberpsychology & Behavior . 9 . 2 . 157–62 . April 2006 . 16640470 . 10.1089/cpb.2006.9.157. 4852030 .
• Bugnariu N, Fung J . Aging and selective sensorimotor strategies in the regulation of upright balance . Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation . 4 . 19 . 2007 . 17584501 . 1910603 . 10.1186/1743-0003-4-19 . free .
• Sinitksi EH, Terry K, Wilken JM, Dingwell JB . Effects of perturbation magnitude on dynamic stability when walking in destabilizing environments . Journal of Biomechanics . 45 . 12 . 2084–91 . August 2012 . 22749389 . 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.05.039. 9128720 .
• Cofré Lizama LE, Pijnappels M, Faber GH, Reeves PN, Verschueren SM, van Dieën JH . Age effects on mediolateral balance control . PLOS ONE . 9 . 10 . e110757 . 2014 . 25350846 . 4211707 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0110757. 2014PLoSO...9k0757C . free .