CAMK2D explained

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CAMK2D gene.^[1]

The product of this gene belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family and to the Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. Calcium signaling is crucial for several aspects of plasticity at glutamatergic synapses. In mammalian cells, the enzyme is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The product of this gene is a delta chain. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode three different isoforms have been characterized to date. Distinct isoforms of this chain have different expression patterns.^[1]

Further reading

• Hook SS, Means AR . Ca²⁺/CaM-dependent kinases: from activation to function . Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. . 41 . 1. 471–505 . 2001 . 11264466 . 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.471 .
• Yamamoto H . [Molecular mechanisms of the intracellular localizations of Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II isoforms, and their physiological functions] . Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso . 47 . 3 . 241–7 . 2002 . 11889801 .
• de Groot RP, den Hertog J, Vandenheede JR . Multiple and cooperative phosphorylation events regulate the CREM activator function . EMBO J. . 12 . 10 . 3903–11 . 1993 . 8404858 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06068.x. 413673 . etal.
• Tombes RM, Krystal GW . Identification of novel human tumor cell-specific CaMK-II variants . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1355 . 3 . 281–92 . 1997 . 9060999 . 10.1016/S0167-4889(96)00141-3 . free .
• Moyers JS, Bilan PJ, Zhu J, Kahn CR . Rad and Rad-related GTPases interact with calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 18 . 11832–9 . 1997 . 9115241 . 10.1074/jbc.272.18.11832 . free .
• Möhlig M, Wolter S, Mayer P . Insulinoma cells contain an isoform of Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta associated with insulin secretion vesicles . Endocrinology . 138 . 6 . 2577–84 . 1997 . 9165051 . 10.1210/endo.138.6.5168 . etal. free .
• Bauch A, Campbell KS, Reth M . Interaction of the CD5 cytoplasmic domain with the Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIdelta . Eur. J. Immunol. . 28 . 7 . 2167–77 . 1998 . 9692886 . 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199807)28:07<2167::AID-IMMU2167>3.0.CO;2-L . free .
• Toward a complete human genome sequence . Genome Res. . 8 . 11 . 1097–108 . 1999 . 9847074 . 10.1101/gr.8.11.1097. Sanger Centre . The . Washington University Genome Sequencing Cente . The . free .
• Hoch B, Meyer R, Hetzer R . Identification and expression of delta-isoforms of the multifunctional Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in failing and nonfailing human myocardium . Circ. Res. . 84 . 6 . 713–21 . 1999 . 10189359 . 10.1161/01.res.84.6.713. etal. free .
• Tombes RM, Mikkelsen RB, Jarvis WD, Grant S . Downregulation of delta CaM kinase II in human tumor cells . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1452 . 1 . 1–11 . 1999 . 10525155 . 10.1016/S0167-4889(99)00113-5 . free .
• Rochlitz H, Voigt A, Lankat-Buttgereit B . Cloning and quantitative determination of the human Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) isoforms in human beta cells . Diabetologia . 43 . 4 . 465–73 . 2000 . 10819240 . 10.1007/s001250051330 . etal. free .
• Inagaki N, Nishizawa M, Arimura N . Activation of Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II within post-synaptic dendritic spines of cultured hippocampal neurons . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 35 . 27165–71 . 2000 . 10852918 . 10.1074/jbc.M003751200 . etal. free .
• Nair JS, DaFonseca CJ, Tjernberg A . Requirement of Ca²⁺ and CaMKII for Stat1 Ser-727 phosphorylation in response to IFN-gamma . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 9 . 5971–6 . 2002 . 11972023 . 10.1073/pnas.052159099 . 122886 . 2002PNAS...99.5971N . etal. free .
• Mishra-Gorur K, Singer HA, Castellot JJ . The S18 ribosomal protein is a putative substrate for Ca²⁺/calmodulin-activated protein kinase II . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 37 . 33537–40 . 2002 . 12145273 . 10.1074/jbc.C200342200 . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . etal. free .
• Gaertner TR, Kolodziej SJ, Wang D . Comparative analyses of the three-dimensional structures and enzymatic properties of alpha, beta, gamma and delta isoforms of Ca²⁺-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 13 . 12484–94 . 2004 . 14722083 . 10.1074/jbc.M313597200 . etal. free .
• Ballif BA, Villén J, Beausoleil SA . Phosphoproteomic analysis of the developing mouse brain . Mol. Cell. Proteomics . 3 . 11 . 1093–101 . 2005 . 15345747 . 10.1074/mcp.M400085-MCP200 . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: CAMK2D calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II delta.