CAMK2G explained

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II gamma chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CAMK2G gene.^[1]

Function

The product of this gene belongs to the Serine/Threonine protein kinase family, and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. Calcium signaling is crucial for several aspects of plasticity at glutamatergic synapses. In mammalian cells the enzyme is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The product of this gene is a gamma chain. Six alternatively spliced variants that encode six different isoforms have been characterized to date. Additional alternative splice variants that encode different isoforms have been described, but their full-length nature has not been determined.^[2]

Interactions

CAMK2G has been shown to interact with RRAD.^[3]

See also

• Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase

Further reading

• Hook SS, Means AR . Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent kinases: from activation to function. . Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. . 41 . 471–505 . 2001 . 11264466 . 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.471 .
• Yamamoto H . [Molecular mechanisms of the intracellular localizations of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II isoforms, and their physiological functions] . Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso . 47 . 3 . 241–7 . 2002 . 11889801 .
• Countaway JL, Nairn AC, Davis RJ . Mechanism of desensitization of the epidermal growth factor receptor protein-tyrosine kinase. . J. Biol. Chem. . 267 . 2 . 1129–40 . 1992 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)48406-2 . 1309762 . free .
• Ikebe M, Reardon S . Phosphorylation of smooth myosin light chain kinase by smooth muscle Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent multifunctional protein kinase. . J. Biol. Chem. . 265 . 16 . 8975–8 . 1990 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)38796-4 . 2160950 . free .
• Czernik AJ, Pang DT, Greengard P . Amino acid sequences surrounding the cAMP-dependent and calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation sites in rat and bovine synapsin I. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 84 . 21 . 7518–22 . 1987 . 3118371 . 299327 . 10.1073/pnas.84.21.7518 . 1987PNAS...84.7518C . free .
• Vulliet PR, Woodgett JR, Cohen P . Phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase by calmodulin-dependent multiprotein kinase. . J. Biol. Chem. . 259 . 22 . 13680–3 . 1984 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)89798-8 . 6150037 . free .
• Wen Z, Zhong Z, Darnell JE . Maximal activation of transcription by Stat1 and Stat3 requires both tyrosine and serine phosphorylation. . Cell . 82 . 2 . 241–50 . 1995 . 7543024 . 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90311-9 . 6717533 . free .
• Kwiatkowski AP, McGill JM . Human biliary epithelial cell line Mz-ChA-1 expresses new isoforms of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. . Gastroenterology . 109 . 4 . 1316–23 . 1995 . 7557101 . 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90594-4 . free .
• Shuai K, Stark GR, Kerr IM, Darnell JE . A single phosphotyrosine residue of Stat91 required for gene activation by interferon-gamma. . Science . 261 . 5129 . 1744–6 . 1993 . 7690989 . 10.1126/science.7690989 . 1993Sci...261.1744S .
• Zhu J, Reynet C, Caldwell JS, Kahn CR . Characterization of Rad, a new member of Ras/GTPase superfamily, and its regulation by a unique GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-like activity. . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 9 . 4805–12 . 1995 . 7876254 . 10.1074/jbc.270.9.4805 . free .
• Yakel JL, Vissavajjhala P, Derkach VA, Brickey DA, Soderling TR . Identification of a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II regulatory phosphorylation site in non-N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 92 . 5 . 1376–80 . 1995 . 7877986 . 42522 . 10.1073/pnas.92.5.1376 . 1995PNAS...92.1376Y . free .
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Suko J, Maurer-Fogy I, Plank B, Bertel O, Wyskovsky W, Hohenegger M, Hellmann G . Phosphorylation of serine 2843 in ryanodine receptor-calcium release channel of skeletal muscle by cAMP-, cGMP- and CaM-dependent protein kinase . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1175 . 2 . 193–206 . 1993 . 8380342 . 10.1016/0167-4889(93)90023-I .
• de Groot RP, den Hertog J, Vandenheede JR, Goris J, Sassone-Corsi P . Multiple and cooperative phosphorylation events regulate the CREM activator function . EMBO J. . 12 . 10 . 3903–11 . 1993 . 8404858 . 413673 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06068.x.
• Nghiem P, Saati SM, Martens CL, Gardner P, Schulman H . Cloning and analysis of two new isoforms of multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. Expression in multiple human tissues . J. Biol. Chem. . 268 . 8 . 5471–9 . 1993 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53345-7 . 8449910 . free .
• Shimomura A, Ogawa Y, Kitani T, Fujisawa H, Hagiwara M . Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II potentiates transcriptional activation through activating transcription factor 1 but not cAMP response element-binding protein . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 30 . 17957–60 . 1996 . 8663317 . 10.1074/jbc.271.30.17957 . free .
• Wei J, Wayman G, Storm DR . Phosphorylation and inhibition of type III adenylyl cyclase by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in vivo . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 39 . 24231–5 . 1996 . 8798667 . 10.1074/jbc.271.39.24231 . free .
• Tombes RM, Krystal GW . Identification of novel human tumor cell-specific CaMK-II variants . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1355 . 3 . 281–92 . 1997 . 9060999 . 10.1016/S0167-4889(96)00141-3 .
• Moyers JS, Bilan PJ, Zhu J, Kahn CR . Rad and Rad-related GTPases interact with calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 18 . 11832–9 . 1997 . 9115241 . 10.1074/jbc.272.18.11832 . free .

Notes and References

1. Li X, Nghiem P, Schulman H, Francke U . Localization of the CAMKG gene encoding gamma isoforms of multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) to human chromosome 10 band q22 and mouse chromosome 14 . Cytogenet Cell Genet . 66 . 2 . 113–6 . Feb 1994 . 8287681 . 10.1159/000133679 . 46836396 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: CAMK2G calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II gamma.
3. Moyers JS, Bilan PJ, Zhu J, Kahn CR . Rad and Rad-related GTPases interact with calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 18 . 11832–9 . May 1997 . 9115241 . 10.1074/jbc.272.18.11832 . free .