CACTIN explained

Cactin also known as renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACTIN gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Cactin was originally identified in Drosophila (fruit flies). The cactin gene is product is involved in the regulation of the innate immune system. It acts as negative regulator of the toll-like receptor, Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) and the canonical NF-kappa-B signaling pathways.^[4]

Structure

The full-length cactin protein length is 3,150 bp long and with an N-terminus from 356–547 residues and a domain in the C-terminal 731–855 residues.^[5]

Species and tissue distributhion

This protein resides in many organs and tissues of all vertebrates, however, it has also been found in plants, protist, and fungi. The location that is highest in concentration of cactin gene is in the testis of males and in the spleen. The cactin gene in this specific area like the testis, enables RNA binding activity. This protein was also found to be involved in other process like cellular response from cytokines and negative signal transduction (negative feed back loops).^[6]

In plants

In plants, the cactcin is associated with SR proteins localized in nuclear speckles.^[7] Plant and human cells share the same spliceosomal proteins, which involved the removal of introns in order to form mature messenger RNA.

Further reading

• Scanlan MJ, Gordan JD, Williamson B, Stockert E, Bander NH, Jongeneel V, Gure AO, Jäger D, Jäger E, Knuth A, Chen YT, Old LJ . 6 . Antigens recognized by autologous antibody in patients with renal-cell carcinoma . International Journal of Cancer . 83 . 4 . 456–464 . November 1999 . 10508479 . 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19991112)83:4<456::AID-IJC4>3.0.CO;2-5 . free .
• Jurica MS, Licklider LJ, Gygi SR, Grigorieff N, Moore MJ . Purification and characterization of native spliceosomes suitable for three-dimensional structural analysis . RNA . 8 . 4 . 426–439 . April 2002 . 11991638 . 1370266 . 10.1017/S1355838202021088 .
• Lehner B, Semple JI, Brown SE, Counsell D, Campbell RD, Sanderson CM . Analysis of a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid system and its use to predict the function of intracellular proteins encoded within the human MHC class III region . Genomics . 83 . 1 . 153–167 . January 2004 . 14667819 . 10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00235-0 .
• Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, Lei S, Murage J, Fisk GJ, Li Y, Xu C, Fang R, Guegler K, Rao MS, Mandalam R, Lebkowski J, Stanton LW . 6 . Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation . Nature Biotechnology . 22 . 6 . 707–716 . June 2004 . 15146197 . 10.1038/nbt971 . 27764390 .
• Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villén J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP . 6 . Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 101 . 33 . 12130–12135 . August 2004 . 15302935 . 514446 . 10.1073/pnas.0404720101 . free . 2004PNAS..10112130B .

Notes and References

1. Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA . A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction . Analytical Biochemistry . 236 . 1 . 107–113 . April 1996 . 8619474 . 10.1006/abio.1996.0138 .
2. Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, Ricafrente JY, Wentland MA, Lennon G, Gibbs RA . 6 . Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing . Genome Research . 7 . 4 . 353–358 . April 1997 . 9110174 . 139146 . 10.1101/gr.7.4.353 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: C19orf29 chromosome 19 open reading frame 29.
4. Web site: CACTIN Gene - GeneCards CATIN Protein CATIN Antibody . 2022-03-03 . www.genecards.org.
5. Zhang S, Shi L, Yang QH, Dong XH, Chi SY, Liu HY, Tan BP . Molecular characterization and functional analysis of Cactin gene from Litopenaeus vannamei . Fish & Shellfish Immunology . 41 . 2 . 608–617 . December 2014 . 25462455 . 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.014 . 2014FSI....41..608Z .
6. Web site: CACTIN cactin, spliceosome C complex subunit [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI ]. 2022-04-24 . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
7. Baldwin KL, Dinh EM, Hart BM, Masson PH . CACTIN is an essential nuclear protein in Arabidopsis and may be associated with the eukaryotic spliceosome . FEBS Letters . 587 . 7 . 873–879 . April 2013 . 23454656 . 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.02.041 . 10857716 . free . 2013FEBSL.587..873B .