Air Koryo Explained

Airline:Air Koryo
고려항공
Fleet Size:20
Destinations:4
Iata:JS
Icao:KOR
Callsign:AIR KORYO
Founded:
Hubs:Pyongyang International Airport
Parent:National Aviation Administration of the DPRK[1]
Headquarters:Ryongbung-ri, Sunan District, Pyongyang, North Korea
Key People:An Pyong-chil (Director of the General Bureau of Civil Aviation)
Context:north
Rr:Goryeo Hanggong
Mr:Koryŏ Hanggong

Air Koryo is North Korea’s flag carrier and only commercial airline. It is state-owned and controlled by the North Korean air force. Headquartered in Sunan-guyŏk, Pyongyang,[2] it operates domestic and international routeson a regular schedule only to Beijing, Shenyang, and Vladivostok[3] from its hub at Pyongyang’s Sunan International Airport.[4] It also operates flights on behalf of the North Korean government, with one of its aircraft serving as North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong Un's personal plane.[5] Its fleet consists of Ilyushin and Tupolev aircraft from the Soviet Union and Russia, and Antonovs from Ukraine.

Air Koryo’s history can be traced to the founding of the Soviet–North Korean Airline (SOKAO) in 1950. Following the Korean War, in 1955, the airline was reorganized as Korean Airways and started domestic and international routes to other communist Eastern Bloc states in Asia and Europe. Another reorganization followed after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and in 1993, the airline adopted its current name, Air Koryo. Due to its aging fleet of Soviet aircraft and related safety and maintenance concerns, Air Koryo was banned in the European Union between 2006 and 2020, when it was allowed to resume operations into the EU with their newly acquired Tu-204 aircraft.[6] During the rule of Kim Jong Un, Air Koryo also started branching out into commercial sectors beyond aviation, such as ground transportation and consumer goods. The COVID-19 pandemic caused Air Koryo to suspend regular operations, with no scheduled international flights between 2020 and 2023.[7]

History

Early years

In early 1950, SOKAO (Soviet–Korean Airline),) was established as a joint North Korean-Soviet venture to connect Pyongyang with Moscow. Regular flights began that same year.[8] Services were suspended during the Korean War, resuming in 1953 as Bureau of Civil Aviation Ministry of Transport of DPRK. The state airline was then placed under the control of the Civil Aviation Administration of Korea (CAAK) and re-branded Korean Airways, starting operations on 21 September 1955 with Lisunov Li-2, Antonov An-2 and Ilyushin Il-12 aircraft. Ilyushin Il-14s and Ilyushin Il-18s were added to the fleet in the 1960s.

Expansion

Jet operations commenced in 1975 when the first Tupolev Tu-154 was delivered for service from Pyongyang to Prague, East Berlin, and Moscow with refueling stops in Irkutsk and Novosibirsk. As the Tu-154 had insufficient range, the aircraft refueled at Irkutsk and Novosibirsk. Tu-134s and An-24s were also delivered to start domestic services. The Tu-154 fleet was increased at the start of the 1980s, while the first long-haul Ilyushin Il-62 was delivered back in 1979 (two of these aircraft are used in VIP configuration), allowing Korean Airways to offer a direct non-stop service to Moscow for the first time, as well as serving Sofia and Belgrade.

Alongside Soviet aicraft, North Korea also considered acquiring Concorde supersonic jets for Air Koryo under a plan by Kim Il Sung to boost the country's international prestige. North Korea and Aérospatiale and British AerospaceConcorde's two European manufacturerssigned a preliminary purchase agreement with the country for two Concordes in 1979, but the deal never proceeded because of North Korea's economic challenges and Cold War tensions between East and West.[9]

21st century

The end of the Cold War and the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe saw a vast reduction in the number of international services offered. Korean Airways re-branded as Air Koryo on 28 March 1992, and in 1993, ordered three Ilyushin Il-76 freight aircraft to carry cargo to and from its destinations in China and Russia.[10] [11]

Air Koryo purchased a Tupolev Tu-204-300 aircraft in December 2007 and another in March 2010 to replace its aging international fleet. With the Tu-204, Air Koryo would be able to fly to Europe.[12] [13]

Due to safety and maintenance concerns, Air Koryo was added to the list of air carriers banned in the European Union in March 2006. The European Commission found evidence of serious safety deficiencies on the part of Air Koryo during ramp inspections in France and Germany. Air Koryo persistently failed to address these issues during other subsequent ramp inspections performed by the EU under the SAFA programme, pointing to blatant systemic safety deficiencies at Air Koryo operations. The airline failed to reply to an inquiry by the French Civil Aviation Authority regarding its safety operations, pointing to a lack of transparency or communication on the part of Air Koryo. The plan by Air Koryo for corrective action, presented in response to France's request, was found to be inadequate and insufficient. The EC also held that North Korean authorities did not adequately oversee the flag carrier, which it was obliged to do under the Chicago Convention. Therefore, on the basis of the common criteria,[14] the Commission assessed that Air Koryo did not meet the relevant safety standards.[15]

In September 2009, Air Koryo ordered an additional example of the Tupolev Tu-204-300 aircraft and a single Tupolev Tu-204-100. Air Koryo was to receive its first of two Tupolev Tu-204-100B aircraft fitted with 210 seats. Flights to Dalian in China were added to the Air Koryo schedule. Also, twice weekly Tu-134 flights from Pyongyang and direct services from Pyongyang to Shanghai Pudong were inaugurated with a two weekly service on JS522 and returning on JS523[16] in 2010.[17]

In March 2010, Air Koryo was allowed to resume operations into the EU with their Tu-204 aircraft, which were fitted with the necessary equipment to comply with mandatory international standards. Currently, the Tu-204 is the only aircraft Air Koryo operates that is allowed into EU airspace.[18] [19] In April 2011, Air Koryo launched its first services to Malaysia with the inauguration of flights from Pyongyang to Kuala Lumpur.[20] The flights operated twice a week utilizing the Tu-204, but were cancelled in mid-2017 due to sanctions imposed resulting from the poisoning murder of Kim Jong-nam at Kuala Lumpur International Airport by suspected North Korean agents.[21]

In 2011, Air Koryo also inaugurated services to Kuwait City, being operated weekly by Tu-204 aircraft. The services operate during peak travel season – April to October.[22]

In 2012, Air Koryo resumed flights to Kuala Lumpur but ceased the service in 2014 along with its expansion into Harbin, China.[23] [24] In 2012, Juche Travel Services, a company operating tours to North Korea, launched "aviation enthusiast" tours using chartered Air Koryo aircraft, which offered visitors the chance to fly on every type of Air Koryo aircraft within North Korea, the Mil-17, An-24, Tu-134, Tu-154, and Il-62. The international services were operated by An-148, Tu-154, or Tu-204.[25]

In 2017, during the rule of North Korean Chairman Kim Jong-un, there were signs that Air Koryo was branching out into commercial sectors beyond aviation, providing goods and services as diverse as petrol stations, taxis, tobacco, soft drinks, and tinned pheasant meat.[26]

As of 2021, two further Tupolev Tu-204-100B aircraft were allegedly prepared to be leased to Air Koryo.[27] However, both have since been sighted with the name of Sky KG Airlines added on top of Air Koryo's colors and have been moved to Zhukovsky International Airport by Moscow, where they remain as of November 2023.[28] Intelligence and media reports suggest that North Korea might still be trying to acquire these two jets with Russian assistance as of November 2023.

COVID-19 pandemic

Air Koryo was severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. On 24 January 2020, the airline canceled several flights to Chinato Macao, Shanghai, and Shenyangand on 1 February canceled its two remaining international routes to Beijing and Vladivostok.[29] [30] International flights remained canceled through August 2023, flying anew on 22 August to Beijing and on 25 August to Vladivostok using Tu–204 aircraft.

The company flew to neighboring China to collect COVID-19-related supplies.[31] [32]

Destinations

See main article: List of Air Koryo destinations.

Scheduled international services are only operated from Pyongyang to Beijing, Shenyang, and Vladivostok;[33] additional destinations not listed on their website, but showing up elsewhere as charters or seasonal charter services are also included.[34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39]

The first regular charter flights between North Korea and South Korea began in 2003. The first Air Koryo flight operated by a Tu-154 touched down at Seoul's Incheon International Airport. Air Koryo operated 40 return services to Seoul, along with flights into Yangyang and Busan in South Korea.[40] Inter-Korean charters from Hamhung's Sondok Airport to Yangyang International in South Korea began in 2002.[41] Currently, there are no inter-Korean flights, due to laws in both countries. In 2014, Air Koryo operated a series of services to Seoul Incheon International Airport with Tu-204 and An-148 aircraft for the 2014 Asian Games held in Incheon.[42] [43] [44]

Air Koryo operated an airline interline partnership with Aeroflot (SkyTeam) on services radiating from Vladivostok and Pyongyang until 2017 when it was forced to close the agreement due to newly imposed sanctions.[45] [46]

Fleet

Current fleet

As of June 2024, Air Koryo operates the following fleet for international routes:[47]

Air Koryo fleet
AircraftIn serviceOrdersPassengersNotes
CYTotal
Antonov An-148-100B2—86270Original order in 2013 was for two An-148s and one An-158.[48]
Ilyushin Il-62M
2 - VIPOperated for the Government of North Korea.[49]
One plane in all-white livery used as personal transport for Kim Jong Un.
Tupolev Tu-204-100B1—12210222Former Red Wings Airlines aircraft acquired through a shell company.
Tupolev Tu-204-3001—8136142This particular aircraft was converted from a Tu-204-100.[50]
Total6—

Historic, Domestic routes fleet and Unknown Status

Tupolev Tu-204

The first Tupolev Tu-204-300 for Air Koryo was officially handed over to the carrier on 27 December 2007, and was ferried from Ulyanovsk to Pyongyang. It has been fitted out with 16 business class seats and the remaining 150 seats are economy. The Tu-204 aircraft are currently scheduled on all international flights out of Pyongyang. With the arrival of the new aircraft, a new seasonal route to Singapore was introduced and the resumption of the Pyongyang-Bangkok route commenced in 2008. Its first revenue-earning flight was made on 8 May 2008. Air Koryo operates another version of the Tu-204 jet, a Tu-204-100B, which they took delivery of on 4 March 2010. The Tu-204-300 is a shortened version of the Tu-204-100B.[52] It started operating scheduled services on 5 March 2010.[53] On 30 March 2010, the two Tupolev Tu-204 have been given the rights to operate into the European Union.[54] The two Tu-204 remain the only planes the airline is allowed to operate on services to the EU.[55]

Gallery

Livery

The Air Koryo livery consisted of a white and grey fuselage and a horizontal stripe in national colors along the windows dividing the upper and lower parts into white and grey respectively. The Korean name Air Koryo is painted above the windows and a North Korean flag is painted on the vertical stabilizer.

Now most of their planes are painted in new livery. It consists of a full white body and grey belly which are divided with a thin red stripe. The name of airline is painted in Korean in front and in English in the Middle with the North Korean flag and registration on the vertical stabilizer.

In 2024, Air Koryo started changing its crane logo following Kim Jong Un's announcement, at the end of 2023, that North Korea will no longer seek reunification with South Korea. The old logo was a stylized crane whose wings resembled the Korean peninsula as a unified whole, while the crane wings of the new logo consist of tapered horizontal lines that no longer resemble the peninsula.[56]

Accidents and incidents

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 29 September 2021 . Kim Jong Un suggests restoring inter-Korean hotlines in early October . 30 September 2021 . . 29 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230429173653/https://www.nknews.org/2021/09/kim-jong-un-suggests-restoring-inter-korean-hotlines-in-early-october/ . live .
  2. "Contact ." Air Koryo. Retrieved on 6 August 2009. "Democratic People's Republic of Korea P'yongyang – Head office Air Koryo Sunan District P'yongyang"
  3. News: 2024 . Time Table . Air Koryo . 17 June 2024.
  4. News: 27 March 2007 . Directory: World Airlines . 59 . Flight International.
  5. Web site: Kim Jong-un hat seinen eigenen Jet . Kim Jong-un has his own jet . Eiselin . Stefan . 13 May 2014 . aerotelegraph.com . Aerotelegraph AGB . de . 14 June 2024 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20140515000642/https://www.aerotelegraph.com/nordkorea-kim-jong-un-bekommt-eigenes-praesidentenflugzeug . 15 May 2014.
  6. Web site: The EU Air Safety List . 25 January 2023 . European Commission for Transport . European Commission . 22 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211022074625/https://transport.ec.europa.eu/transport-themes/eu-air-safety-list_en . live .
  7. News: 2023-08-22 . North Korea airline flies first international flight since Covid . en-GB . . 2023-08-22 . 22 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230822110811/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-66578171 . live.
  8. Book: MacDonald, Hugh . Aėroflot: Soviet air transport since 1923 . Putnam . 1975 . 978-0-370-00117-3 . London . 66 . 25 August 2017 . 16 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230916065248/https://books.google.com/books?id=18tYAAAAMAAJ . live .
  9. News: Salisbury . Daniel . 3 May 2024 . Flight of the Concorde? North Korea’s brief flirtation with supersonic airliners . NK News . Korea Risk Group . 18 June 2024 . subscription.
  10. Web site: Air Koryo . 30 June 2021 . GlobalSecurity.org . 16 June 2024.
  11. Web site: This is the first image of a North Korean militarized, camouflaged Il-76 cargo plane . Cenciotti . David . 14 August 2013 . The Aviationist . Rome . 16 June 2024 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20130816145537/https://theaviationist.com/2013/08/14/nk-il-76/ . 16 August 2013.
  12. http://www.asianinfo.org/asianinfo/north%20korea/airkoryo.htm Air Koryo
  13. Web site: 29 March 2009 . North Korea's quirky (and unsafe) Air Koryo survives and, increasingly, appears to thrive . 9 October 2010 . International Herald Tribune . 1 October 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081001222435/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/04/18/business/AS-FEA-FIN-NKorea-Spunky-Flagship.php?page=1 . live .
  14. http://ec.europa.eu/transport/air/safety/flywell_en.htm Fly Well portal
  15. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2006/l_084/l_08420060323en00140028.pdf Commission Regulation (EC) No 474/2006 of 22 March 2006
  16. Web site: 28 July 2010 . North Korean Economy Watch » Blog Archive » Air Koryo launches Shanghai-Pyongyang flights . 9 October 2010 . Nkeconwatch.com . 29 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200629160421/http://www.nkeconwatch.com/2010/07/28/air-koryo-launches-shanghai-pyongyang-flights/ . live .
  17. Web site: Photo ť P-814 (CN: 66368) Air Koryo Tupolev Tu-134 by LGY . 9 October 2010 . Jetphotos.net . 4 April 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120404120511/http://www.jetphotos.net/viewphoto.php?id=6778068&nseq=1 . live .
  18. Web site: 30 March 2010 . Commission updates the list of airlines banned from the European airspace . Europa Press Release Database . 12 October 2013 . 12 August 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170812195044/http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-10-388_en.htm . live .
  19. News: 13 January 2010 . EU Upholds Flight Ban . . 11 February 2010 . 11 July 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170711163741/http://www.rfa.org/english/news/korea/flight-ban-01132010092918.html . live .
  20. http://www.btimes.com.my/Current_News/BTIMES/articles/20110419155916/Article/index_html
  21. Web site: 14 February 2017 . North Korean leader's brother Kim Jong-nam killed in Malaysia . 14 February 2017 . . 14 February 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170214134205/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-38971655 . live .
  22. Web site: Al – Malek International Group . dead . http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110708040225/http://almalekint.com/airkorya.html . 8 July 2011 . 25 October 2012 . Almalekint.com.
  23. Web site: JL . 23 February 2012 . Air Koryo to Start Pyongyang – Harbin Charter service from late-Apr 2012 | Airline Route – Worldwide Airline Route Updates . 15 August 2013 . Airlineroute.net . 4 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215200/http://airlineroute.net/2012/02/23/js-hrb-apr12/ . live .
  24. Web site: JL . 19 March 2012 . Air Koryo S12 Operation Changes to Kuala Lumpur | Airline Route – Worldwide Airline Route Updates . 15 August 2013 . Airlineroute.net . 4 October 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131004220209/http://airlineroute.net/2012/03/19/js-kul-s12/ . live .
  25. Web site: Cripps . Karla . 26 April 2016 . North Korea: Ultimate tour for aviation geeks . 2019-02-02 . CNN Travel . en . 5 August 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170805154758/https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/north-korea-aviation-tour/index.html . live .
  26. News: Harris . Bryan . 2017 . North Korea begins journey from feudalism to crony capitalism . . live . subscription . 22 June 2017 . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/db738fb8-3ed2-11e7-82b6-896b95f30f58 . 10 December 2022 . Air Koryo, the national airline, which also runs one of Pyongyang's handful of taxi companies and recently began selling tinned pheasant, also fits the bill..
  27. Web site: 2020-06-30 . North Korea may have planned to acquire two Russian planes, despite sanctions . 2021-03-14 . . en-US . 1 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220201213817/https://www.nknews.org/2020/06/north-korea-may-have-planned-to-acquire-two-russian-planes-despite-sanctions/ . live .
  28. Web site: ✈ russianplanes.net ✈ наша авиация . 2021-03-14 . russianplanes.net . 13 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203822/https://russianplanes.net/reginfo/71 . live .
  29. News: Zwirko . Colin . 24 January 2020 . Multiple flights between North Korea and China canceled amid coronavirus scare . live . Fretwell . James . NK News . Korea Risk Group . https://web.archive.org/web/20240225224101/https://www.nknews.org/2020/01/multiple-flights-between-north-korea-and-china-canceled-amid-coronavirus-scare/ . 25 February 2024 . 16 June 2024.
  30. News: O'Carroll . Chad . 1 February 2020 . North Korea suspends Vladivostok flights, expands virus containment measures . live . NK News . Korea Risk Group . https://web.archive.org/web/20231003141626/https://www.nknews.org/2020/02/north-korea-suspends-vladivostok-flights-expands-virus-containment-measures/ . 3 October 2023 . 16 June 2024.
  31. News: 2022-05-17 . North Korean planes pick up medical supplies in China, media report . en . Reuters . 2023-07-16 . 16 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230716120304/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/north-korean-planes-pick-up-medical-supplies-china-media-2022-05-17/ . live .
  32. Web site: Zwirko . Colin . 2022-05-17 . North Korean jets fly to China to pick up pandemic supplies: Sources . 2023-07-16 . . en-US . 16 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230716120305/https://www.nknews.org/2022/05/north-korean-jets-fly-to-china-to-pick-up-pandemic-supplies-sources/ . live .
  33. News: 2024 . Time Table . Air Koryo . 17 June 2024.
  34. Web site: Air Koryo – The Official Webpage of the national airline of the DPRK . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20091016110259/http://www.korea-dpr.com//Air%20Koryo/destinations.htm . 16 October 2009 . 9 October 2010 . Korea-dpr.com.
  35. Web site: How to get to North Korea . 9 October 2010 . Koreakonsult.com . 1 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230101170540/http://www.koreakonsult.com/hur-tar-man-sig-dit_eng.html . live .
  36. Web site: 7 September 2009 . Photo ť P-881 (CN: 3647853) Air Koryo Ilyushin IL-62M by Pavel Adzhigildaev . 9 October 2010 . Jetphotos.net . 1 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230101170536/http://www.jetphotos.net/viewphoto.php?id=6658806&nseq=0 . live .
  37. Web site: 30 October 2008 . Airport Departures & Arrivals . 9 October 2010 . Flightstats.com . 26 November 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161126065233/http://www.flightstats.com/go/FlightStatus/flightStatusByAirport.do?airport=(FNJ)+Sunan,+Pyongyang,+KP&airportQueryDate=2008-10-30&airportQueryTime=0&airlineToFilter=&airportQueryType=0&x=43&y=12 . dead .
  38. Web site: Air Koryo – The Official Webpage of the national airline of the DPRK . dead . https://archive.today/20110605055542/http://www.korea-dpr.com//Air%20Koryo/hist3.htm . 5 June 2011 . 9 October 2010 . Korea-dpr.com . dmy-all.
  39. Web site: sutthisakw Sutthisak W . 4 April 2009 . SjeiIf869718-02 . 9 October 2010 . Flickr . 1 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230101170540/https://www.flickr.com/photos/37063185@N08/3411959534/ . live .
  40. Web site: air koryo | 2003 | 2045 | Flight Archive . 9 October 2010 . Flightglobal.com . 15 March 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120315071715/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2003/2003%20-%202045.html?search=air%20koryo . live .
  41. News: 20 July 2002 . N. Korean plane to test-fly direct air route with South . Asia Africa Intelligence Wire . 9 May 2009 . 17 October 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121017212425/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-25914334_ITM . live .
  42. News: 16 September 2014 . Will NK Behave at the Asian Games? . live . Daily NK . Seoul . Unification Media Group . https://web.archive.org/web/20240616164235/https://www.dailynk.com/english/will-nk-behave-at-the-asian-games/ . 16 June 2024 . 16 June 2024.
  43. Jaemoon Choi . 19 September 2014 . Aviation Photo #2702198: Antonov An-148-100B - Air Koryo . image . 16 June 2024 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240616165906/https://www.airliners.net/photo/Air-Koryo/Antonov-An-148-100B/2702198?qsp=eJwljEEKwkAQBP/S51wkKLo3/YAe/MCw02ggmmVmBEPI37Out6IoakGe3sFv3OdCJDjF8hMdipi8HGnBx2lI%2B/546uCTxWWunUrwnDNLUPH3V9NfCKXnNnjU4a4C7dYY/aF6HbyM0h4MGUas6waYcSt3 . 16 June 2024 . Incheon International Airport . Airliners.net.
  44. Jaemoon Choi . 22 September 2014 . Aviation Photo #2515586: Antonov An-148-100B - Air Koryo . image . 16 June 2024 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240616170429/https://www.airliners.net/photo/Air-Koryo/Antonov-An-148-100B/2515586 . 16 June 2024 . Incheon International Airport . Airliners.net.
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  46. Web site: Sanctions force Aeroflot to axe Air Koryo interline deal . 12 February 2018 . 13 December 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171213143356/https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/54442-sanctions-force-aeroflot-to-axe-air-koryo-interline-deal . live .
  47. Web site: Air Koryo resumes An-148 operations . subscription . Sipinski . Dominik . 14 May 2014 . ch-aviation.com . ch-aviation GmbH . 16 June 2024.
  48. Web site: Air Koryo order for An-148s and An-158 officially confirmed . limited . Jaeger . Thomas . 17 February 2013 . ch-aviation.com . ch-aviation GmbH . 16 June 2024.
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