Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial explained

Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA5B gene.^{[1] [2]}

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA VB is localized in the mitochondria and shows the highest sequence similarity to the other mitochondrial CA, CA VA. It has a wider tissue distribution than CA VA, which is restricted to the liver. The differences in tissue distribution suggest that the two mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases evolved to assume different physiologic roles.

Further reading

• Sly WS, Hu PY . Human carbonic anhydrases and carbonic anhydrase deficiencies . Annu. Rev. Biochem. . 64 . 375–401 . 1995 . 7574487 . 10.1146/annurev.bi.64.070195.002111 .
• Nishimori I, Onishi S . Carbonic anhydrase isozymes in the human pancreas . Digestive and Liver Disease . 33 . 1 . 68–74 . 2001 . 11303978 . 10.1016/s1590-8658(01)80138-9.
• Shah GN, Hewett-Emmett D, Grubb JH . Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase CA VB: Differences in tissue distribution and pattern of evolution from those of CA VA suggest distinct physiological roles . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 97 . 4 . 1677–82 . 2000 . 10677517 . 10.1073/pnas.97.4.1677 . 26495 . 2000PNAS...97.1677S . etal. free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . etal. free .
• Suzuki Y, Yamashita R, Shirota M . Sequence Comparison of Human and Mouse Genes Reveals a Homologous Block Structure in the Promoter Regions . Genome Res. . 14 . 9 . 1711–8 . 2004 . 15342556 . 10.1101/gr.2435604 . 515316 . etal.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Vullo D, Nishimori I, Innocenti A . Carbonic anhydrase activators: an activation study of the human mitochondrial isoforms VA and VB with amino acids and amines . Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. . 17 . 5 . 1336–40 . 2007 . 17174092 . 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.075 . etal.

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Notes and References

1. Fujikawa-Adachi K, Nishimori I, Taguchi T, Onishi S . Human mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase VB. cDNA cloning, mRNA expression, subcellular localization, and mapping to chromosome x . J Biol Chem . 274 . 30 . 21228–33 . Aug 1999 . 10409679 . 10.1074/jbc.274.30.21228 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: CA5B carbonic anhydrase VB, mitochondrial.