YJ-83 explained
The YJ-83 (; NATO reporting name: CSS-N-8 Saccade) is a Chinese subsonic anti-ship cruise missile. It is manufactured by the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation Third Academy.
Development
The YJ-83 uses microprocessors and a strap-down inertial reference unit (IRU); these are more compact than the equivalent electronics used in the YJ-8 and the export C-802, allowing the YJ-83 to have a 180-km range at Mach 0.9. The missile is powered by the Chinese CTJ-2 turbojet and is fitted with a 190-kg high-explosive fragmentation warhead. Terminal guidance is by an active radar.
The air-launched YJ-83K has a range of, a cruise speed of Mach 0.9, and a high-explosive, semi-armour piercing warhead. The improved YJ-83KH uses a imaging-infrared seeker and has a range of 230 km;[3] reportedly it may receive course corrections by remote link.
The YJ-83 entered service with the People's Liberation Army Navy in 1998 and 1999, equipping large numbers of its surface warships. The YJ-83K is the standard anti-ship missile carried by the People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force;[3] the United States reported the usage in 2014.[4] The People's Liberation Army Air Force was using the YJ-83K by February 2020.[3]
C-802A
The C-802 precedes the closely related YJ-83.[5] It is powered by the French TRI 60-2 turbojet and has a range of 65nmi. The C-802 is considered a part of the YJ-83 family by the US military. The C-802 was likely an export-only design. From the 1990s, it was erroneously reported that it was used by China as the "YJ-2". It is not an export version of the YJ-82; the two are separate developments.[6]
The C-802A[5] and C-802AK are the export surface- and air-launched variants. The C-802A has a range of 97nmi.[7] [2]
Western reporting has erroneously attributed the "C-803" designation to the YJ-83. The "C-803" designation was not used in Chinese promotional information through 2012.[5]
Operational history
On 14 July 2006, during the 2006 Lebanon War, Hezbollah fired two Chinese-built C-802 missiles with upgraded Iranian radar seekers. The first hit a Cambodian-flagged Egyptian freighter 60 km offshore. The other hit the Israeli Navy's Sa'ar 5-class corvette INS Hanit, which was patrolling 8.5 nm offshore of Beirut. The missile hit the corvette's unstealthy crane near the rear helicopter pad; the explosion holed the pad, set fire to fuel storage, and killed four crewmembers. The fire was extinguished after four hours, and Hanit returned to Ashdod under its own power for three weeks of repairs. The corvette's automatic anti-missile systems were deactivated before the attack; Israel was unaware that Hezbollah had C-802s, and there were concerns over friendly fire with the Israeli Air Force.[8]
In October 2016, a cruise missile launched by Houthis in Yemen damaged HSV-2 Swift, an unarmed transport ship under the control of the United Arab Emirates (who is opposed to the Houthis in Yemen's civil war). Analysis of the damage caused by that missile led experts to believe it was a C-802, as the missile had an explosively formed penetrator (EFP) warhead.[9]
Variants
- YJ-83
Initial surface-launched version with 120 km range.
- YJ-83A/YJ-83J
Variant with enhanced range; 180 km for surface-launch and 250 km for air-launch.
- YJ-83K
Air-launched variant with 180 km range.[10]
- YJ-83KH
Air-launched variant with imaging-infrared (IIR) seeker and .[3]
- C-802
Predecessor of the YJ-83.[5]
- C-802A
Export variant of the surface-launched YJ-83.[5]
- C-802AK
Export version of the air-launched YJ-83.
- KD-88
Further development. KD-88 is an air-launched cruise missile derived from YJ-83 missile.[11]
- CM-802AKG
Export version of KD-88. Based on the air-launched YJ-83 with a television (TV) or imaging-infrared (IIR) seeker and a redesigned airframe with more fuel.[12] Operators
C-802, C-802A
C-802, C-802A
- [13]
C-802
C-802 and an Iranian copy called Noor[14]
C-802
C-802A
C-802AK[15]
C-802, C-802A
C-802
C-802A
C-802[16]
C-802A on Guaiquerí-class boats and fast attack craft[17]
See also
- Noor and Ghader, derivative of the C-802 produced by Iran
References
- Bibliography
Notes and References
- Book: Eric Heginbotham . Michael Nixon . Forrest E. Morgan . Jacob L. Heim . Jeff Hagen . Sheng Li . Jeffrey Engstrom . Martin C. Libicki . Paul DeLuca . David A. Shlapak . David R. Frelinger . Burgess Laird . Kyle Brady . Lyle J. Morris . The U.S.-China Military Scorecard: Forces, Geography, and the Evolving Balance of Power, 1996–2017 . RAND Corporation . 2015 . Santa Monica, California . 978-0-8330-8219-0 . 175.
- Web site: Bangladesh Navy has launched five new warships including 2 frigates - 1 corvette and 2 survey ships . Navy Recognition . 28 December 2020.
- Web site: Rupprecht . Andreas . Images show PLAAF J-16 armed with YJ-83K anti-ship missile . Janes . 18 February 2020 . 12 November 2020.
- United States Office of the Secretary of Defense . Office of the Secretary of Defense . Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2014 . 40 . 11 June 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150709141307/http://www.defense.gov/pubs/2014_DoD_China_Report.pdf . 9 July 2015 . live . June 2014.
- Web site: Carlson . Christopher P. . 8 February 2013 . China's Eagle Strike-Eight Anti-Ship Cruise Missiles, Part 3 . DefenseMediaNetwork . 21 April 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160603130511/http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/chinas-eagle-strike-eight-anti-ship-cruise-missiles-the-yj-83-c803-and-the-family-tree/ . 3 June 2016.
- Web site: China's Eagle Strike-Eight Anti-Ship Cruise Missiles, Part 2 . Carlson . Christopher P. . 6 February 2013 . DefenseMediaNetwork . 21 April 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060957/http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/chinas-eagle-strike-eight-anti-ship-cruise-missiles-yj-81-yj-82-and-c802/ . 4 March 2016.
- Web site: Thailand flexes anti-ship missile capabilities in Andaman Sea with C-802A firing . Janes . 28 December 2020.
- Zakheim . Dov S. . February 2012 . The United States Navy and Israeli Navy: Background, current issues, scenarios, and prospects . CNA . 27-28 . COP D0026727.A1/Final .
- News: USS Mason Fired 3 Missiles to Defend From Yemen Cruise Missiles Attack. 2016-10-11. USNI. 12 August 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180809090937/https://news.usni.org/2016/10/11/uss-mason-fired-3-missiles-to-defend-from-yemen-cruise-missiles-attack. 9 August 2018. live.
- Web site: Images show PLAAF J-16 armed with YJ-83K anti-ship missile . Janes . 18 February 2020.
- Book: Antiaccess and China's Air-Launched Cruise Missiles . Andrew S. Erickson . July 2011 .
- Web site: 制导模式进化论：探秘中国新一代空地导弹性能 . Sina News . 18 November 2013 .
- Web site: Missiles and Rockets of Hezbollah. Missile Threat . https://web.archive.org/web/20200426050730/https://missilethreat.csis.org/country/hezbollahs-rocket-arsenal/. 26 April 2020.
- Web site: IRAN FIRST CUSTOMER TO BUY CHINESE C802 ANTI-SHIP MISSILE . 13 November 2014 . https://archive.today/20120701143343/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Missiles-And-Rockets-97/IRAN-FIRST-CUSTOMER-TO-BUY-CHINESE-C802-ANTI-SHIP-MISSILE.html . 1 July 2012 . dead.
- Web site: Dominguez . Gabriel . PN, PAF successfully test-fire C-802 anti-ship cruise missiles . 6 March 2018 . IHS Jane's 360 . 12 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180812214150/https://www.janes.com/article/78378/pn-paf-successfully-test-fire-c-802-anti-ship-cruise-missiles . 12 August 2018 . live .
- Web site: Yemeni rebels claim third anti-ship missile attack . Binnie . Jeremy . 29 October 2015 . IHS Jane's 360 . 20 April 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160408012823/http://www.janes.com/article/55592/yemeni-rebels-claim-third-anti-ship-missile-attack . 8 April 2016 . live .
- Web site: China Arming Venezuelan Navy With Anti-Ship Missiles . . 2020-10-16 . 2020-12-05.
